2023年考研外語命題預(yù)測(cè)試卷7

考研外語命題預(yù)測(cè)試卷7

一、UseofEnglish

1、Modern1iberalopinionissensitivetoproblemsof

restrictionoffreedomandabuseofpower.(1),manyhold

thatamancanbeinjuredonlybyviolatinghiswill,butthis

viewismuchtoo(2).Itfailsto(3)thegreat

dangersweshallfaceinthe(4)ofbiomedicaltechnology

thatstemsfromanexcessoffreedom,fromtheunrestrained

(5)ofwill.Inmyview,ourgreatestproblemswillbe

voluntaryseif-degradation,orwillingdehumanization,asis

theunintendedyetofteninescapableconsequenceofsternlyand

successfullypursuingourhumanization(6).

Certain(7)andperfectedmedicaltechnologieshave

alreadyhadsomedehumanizingconsequences.Improvedmethods

ofresuscitationhavemade(8)heroiceffortsto"save"

theseverelyillandinjured.Yettheseeffortsaresometimes

onlypartlysuccessful:Theymaysucceedin(9)

individuals,buttheseindividualsmayhaveseverbraindamage

andbecapableofonlyaless-than-human,vegetating(10).

Suchpatientshavebeen(11)_____adeathwithdignity.

Familiesareforcedtobeartheburdenofa(12)z，death

watch”.

(13)theordinarymethodsoftreatingdiseaseand

prolonginglifehavechangedthe(14)inwhichmendie.

Fewerandfewerpeopledieinthefamiliarsurroundingsofhome

orinthe(15)offamilyandfriends.Thisloneliness,

(16),isnotconfinedtothedyingpatientinthehospital

bed.Asagroup,theelderlyarethemostalienatedmembersof

oursociety:Notyet(17)theworldofthedead,notdeemed

fitfortheworldoftheliving,theyareshunted(18).

Wehavelearnedhowtoincreasetheiryears,(19)wehave

notlearnedhowtohelpthemenjoytheirdays.Yetwecontinue

tobravelyandfeverishlypushbackthefrontiers(20)_____

death.

A.Indeed

B.Likewise

C.Therefore

D.Furthermore

2、⑵

A.detached

B.prejudiced

C.favored

D.interfered

3、(3)

A.identify

B.promote

C.recognize

D.assist

4、⑷

A.allocation

B.expense

C.restriction

D.availability

5、(5)

A.advice

B.access

C.execution

D.exercise

6、(6)

A.functions

B.goals

C.purposes

D.origins

7、(7)

3

A.obtained

B.afforded

C.desired

D.offered

8、(8)

A.possible

B.probable

C.proper

D.potential

9、(9)

A.supporting

B.rescuing

C.replacing

D.retrieving

10、(10)

A.maintenance

B.survival

C.life

D.existence

11、(H)

A.deprived

B.repelled

4

C.rejected

D.denied

12、(12)

A.shortened

B.prolonged

C.removed

D.extended

13、(13)

A.Even

B.But

C.Only

D.Hence

14、(14)

A.range

B.scope

C.context

D.territory

15、(15)

A.wake

B.process

C.company

D.light

5

16、(16)

A.moreover

B.however

C.hence

D.thus

17、(17)

A.limitedto

B.isolatedfrom

C.preparedfor

D.absorbedinto

18、(18)

A.away

B.aside

C.off

D.down

19、(19)

A.except

B.so

C.or

D.but

20、(20)

A.above

目6

B.against

C.upon

D.with

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Howdidthecompanycometoproducearecordglorifyingthe

murderofpolice,whichisentitledCopKillerbytherapper

Ice-TonthealbumBobyCount?ThealbumisreleasedbyWarner

Bros.Records,partoftheTimeWarnermediaandentertainment

conglomerate.

InaWallStreetJournalopedpiecelayingoutthecompany，s

position,TimeWarnercoCEOGeraldLevinmakestwodefenses.

First,Ice-T'sCopKillerismisunderstood."Itdoesn'tinduce

orglorifyviolence...It(shisfictionalizedattempttoget

insideacharacter'shead...CopKillerisnomoreacallfor

gunningdownthepolicethanFrankieandJohnnyisasummons

forjiltedloverstoshootoneanother.'Insteadof"finding

waystosilencethemessenger”,weshouldbe“heedingthe

anguishedcrycontainedinhismessage”.

Thisdefenseisself-contradictory.FrankieandJohnnydoesnot

pretendtohaveapolitical“message“thatmustbe“heeded”.

IfCopKillerhasamessage,itisthatthemurderofpolicemen

isajustifiedresponsetopolicebrutality.Andnotin

self-defense,butinpremeditatedactsofrevengeagainst

randomcops.Killingpolicemenisagoodthing一thatisthe

plainmeaningofthesong,andnolargerunderstanding''of

blackculture,therageofthestreetsoranythingelsecan

explainitaway.Asinmuchoftoday'spopularmusic,theline

betweenperformerandperformanceispurposelyblurred.These

arepoliticalsermonettesclearlyintendedtosupportthe

sentimentsbeingexpressed.TracyMarrow(Ice-T)himselfhas

said,“Iscaredthepolice,andtheyneedtobescared”.That

seemsclear.

Thecompany'sseconddefenseofCopKilleristheclassicone

offreeexpression:"Westandforcreativefreedom.Webelieve

thattheworthofwhatanartistorjournalisthastosaydoes

notdependonpreapprovalfromagovernmentofficialora

corporatecensor”.

OfcourseIce-Thastherighttosaywhateverhewants.Butthat

doesn，trequireanycompanytoprovidehimanOutlet.Andit

doesn'trelieveacompanyofresponsibilityforthemessages

itchoosestopromote.Judgmentisnot"censorship”.Manyan

“anguishedcry“goesunrecorded.Thisonewasrecorded,and

promoted,becauseasuccessfulartistundercontractwantedto

recordit.Nothingwrongwithmakingmoney,butacompanycannot

takethemoneyandrunfromtheresponsibility.

ThefounderofTime,HenryLuce,wouldhavescornedthenotion

thathiscompanyprovidedavalue-freeforumfortheexchange

ofideas.InLuce'ssystem,editorsweresupposedtomakevalue

judgmentsandpromotethetruthastheysawit.

Intheeyesoftheauthor,Ice-T'sCopKillershouldbe

condemnedfor.

A.praisingactsofviolenceagainstpolice.

B.seekingtoearnenormoussumsofmoney.

C.workingundercontractwithacompany.

D.exercisingrevengeagainstrandomcops.

2、

GeraldLevinmentionsthecaseofFrankieandJohnnytojustify

A.callingforcreativefreedom.

B.bringinghometoself-defenses.

C.perceivingtruemessages.

D.acceptingthemurderoflovers.

3、

Itisoftenclaimedthatsomemessagesconveyedinpopular

music

A.arenothingbutfictions.

B.areintendedforperformers.

C.aresupposedtobetrue.

D.aretoovaguetorecognize.

4、

TheauthorassertsthatGeraldLevin，sdefensesofCopKiller

are

A.unreasonablebutclear.

B.illogicalandoutmoded.

C.simpleandresponsible.

D.freshbutsuperficial.

5、

Itcanbelearnedthatthecompanyhasmovedfarfromits

founder,s

A.notionalrigidity.

B.creativestyles.

C.officialimages.

D.mediacriteria.

6、Untilrecently,mobileradiowastowireless

communicationswhattheYugowastotransportation.Witha

mixedclientelerangingfromtruckersusingCBstopolicearmed

withwalkie-talkiestotaxidriversdispatchedbyradio,itwas

viewedasanunglamorousbusinessandatechnologicalbackwater.

Butspecializedmobileradio,asitisknown,hasbeen

rediscovered.Itisnowconsideredoneofthebiggestprizes

intheall-outwarforthepublicairwaves.Thereason:

high-techcompanieshavefiguredouthowtoprofitablyrebuild

theantiquateddispatchingsystemintoanadvanced

cellular-telephonenetworkthatcantakeonthelikesofAT

&TandthegiantBabyBells.UpstartNextelCommunications

sentshockwavesthroughtheindustrylastweekwhenitagreed

tobuyMotorola'sSMRfrequenciesfor$1.8billion.

Thatcouldposeaseriousthreattocellularhegemony.Although

bothsystemsarebasedonthesamebasictechnology,SMRsystems

aredigitalandcoveralmost25timesasmuchareaastheaverage

cellularnetwork.SMRhandsetswon，tworkoncellularsystems

andtendtobebulkierthancellularphones,thoughtheyprovide

morefeatures,likeadigitalpagerservice.Andwhilecellular

growthhastripledtosome13millionsubscriberssince2000,

thetechnologyhasbeenlosingground.Itisrunningoutof

channelcapacitysofast,infact,that40%ofcellularcalls

inhigh-densityareaslikeManhattanandLosAngelesfailto

becompleted.SMRshavecapacitytospare,andservicecould

eventuallybepriced10%to15%lessthancellular.Dispatchers

predicttheywillhaveatleast10millionsubscribersbythe

endofthedecade.Therearenowabout1.5millionusersofSMRs.

Theadditionofanothercontendertoanalreadycrowdedfield

oftelephonesystemswillsurelymultiplytheconfusion.Bythe

year2022,consumerswillbeabletochoosefromatleasthalf

adozenvendorsofadizzyingarrayofwireless-communications

services,includingpagers,voicemailansweringmachinesand

cellularphones.Phoneandcabletelevisionoperators,suchas

BellSouth,MCIandCoxEnterprises,aredevelopingso-called

personal-communicationsnetworks,orPCNs,ahighlyadvanced

portable-phonesystemthatisexpectedtocoverawiderarea,

connecttoagreatervarietyofservicesandbecheaperto

operatethanconventionalcellular.

Andmanycompaniesthathavegambledonthewrongtechnological

standards,andinvestedbillionstryingtodevelopthesame

markets,willundoubtedlyloseagreatdealofmoneybeforethe

shakeoutisover."Thewinners”,saysNextelchairmanMorgan

O'Brien,“willbethosewhocanmakethechoiceforconsumers

easy”.Withalltheanticipatedconfusion一mindfuloftheearly

yearsofpersonalcomputers—itislikelytobeyearsbefore

anyonecallsthepurchaseofwirelessproductsan"easy"choice.

Howdidmobileradiosystemsfinditsbusinesscompetitiveness?

A.Itstechnologicalfeatureshaveradicallychanged.

B.Ithasbeenrebuilttocatertovarioussubscribers.

C.Itsdimensionshavebeenreducedbywidemargins.

D.Itwasconnectedtoagreatervarietyofservices.

7、

SMRsystemsgainanedgeoverotherservicesmostlybyvirtue

of

A.itsprohibitiveretailprices.

B.itsoperationalconvenience.

C.itswidercoverageareas.

D.itssmallstoragecapacity.

8、

Welearnfromthetextthatusersofwirelessproductsaremore

oftenthannotconfrontedwith

A.missingnetworks.

B.technicalfailures.

C.wrongstandards.

D.confusingchoices.

9、

Thebasicproblemwithmobiletelephonecompaniesaspointed

outbythewriterliesintheir

A.enthusiasmaboutcompetition.

B.dubioustechnologicalstandards.

C.exaggerationofproductfeatures.

D.awkwardmarketingstrategies.

10、

Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems

A.detached.

B.realistic.

C.sensitive.

D.optimistic.

11、Thedaywasstar-crossed:Fridaythe13thinthemonth

ofOctober,ontheeveofthesecondloominganniversaryofa

devastatingmarketcrash."I'mtellingyou,psychologyis

reallyfunny.Peoplegetcrazyinsituationslikethat”,said

portfoliostrategistElaineGarzarelli.LastweekFridaythe

13thliveduptoitsfrightfulreputation.Afterdriftinglower

atasleepypaceformostoftheday,theDowJonesindustrial

averageabruptlylurchedintoahair-raisingskydiveinthe

finalhouroftrading.

TheBushAdministrationmovedswiftlytoavertanysenseof

crisisafterthemarketClosed.DeclaredTreasurySecretary

NicholasBrady:"It'simportanttorecognizethattoday'sstock

不______Q

q14

marketdeclinedoesn，tsignalanyfundamentalchangeinthe

conditionoftheeconomy.Theeconomyremainswellbalanced,

andtheoutlookisforcontinuedmoderategrowthz，.But

MassachusettsDemocratEdwardMarkey,whochairsaHouse

subcommitteeontelecommunicationsandfinance,vowedtohold

hearingsthisweekonthestockmarketslide.Saidhe:"This

isthesecondheartattack.Myhopeisthatbeforewehavethe

inevitablethirdheartattack,wepayattentiontothese

problems”.

Expertsfoundnoshortageofculpritstoblameforthelatest

shipwreck.Aseriesofdownbeatrealizationsconvergedon

Friday,rangingfromsignsofanewburstofinflationto

saggingcorporateprofitstotroublesinthejunk-bondmarket

thathasfueledmajortakeovers.Thesingulareventthatshook

investorswasthefalteringofa$6.75billionlabormanagement

buyoutofUAL,theparentcompanyofUnitedAirlines,thesecond

largestU.S.carrier.

OnonepointmostthoughtfulWallStreetersagreed:themarket

hadreachedsuchdizzyingheightsthatacorrectionofsomesort

seemedalmostinevitable.Propelledbyfavorableeconomicnews

andawaveofmultibillion-dollartakeovers,stockshadsoared

morethan1,000pointssincethe1987crash.ButbylastAugust

someWallStreeterswereclearlyworried.

TheheaviestblowtothemarketcameFridayafternoon.Ina

three-paragraphstatement,UALsaidalabor-managementgroup

headedbyChairmanStephenWolfhadfailedtogetenough

financingtoacquireUnited.Severalbankshadapparently

balkedatthedeal,whichwastobepartlyfinancedthroughjunk

bonds.Thetake-overgroupsaiditwouldsubmitarevisedbid

“inthenearterm”,buttheannouncementstunnedinvestorswho

hadcometoviewtheUniteddealasthelatestsurethingin

the1980sbuyoutbinge.SaidJohnDowney,atraderatthe

ChicagoBoardOptionsExchange:"Theairlinestockshavelooked

1ikeattractivetakeovertargets.ButwiththeUniteddealin

trouble,everyonestartedtowonderwhatotherdealsmightnot

gothrough.z，

Thetoneofthewriterasreflectedinthefirstsentenceis

A.sensible.

B.irrational.

C.defiant.

D.ironical.

12、

Howdothepublicfeelaboutthecurrenteconomicsituation?

A.Trustful.

B.Panicked.

C.Carefree.

D.Confused.

13、

Whenmentioning"thelatestshipwreck”(Para.3),theauthor

istalkingabout.

A.stock-marketdecline.

B.junk-bondmarket.

C.enormousacquisitions.

D.corporateprofits.

14、

Themainreasonforthelatestcrisisinstockmarketas

pointedoutbythewriterliesin

A.theperceptionofinflation.

B.thecollapseofconfidence.

C.thefailureofabuyoutdeal.

D.thecorrectionofamarket.

15、

Whatdoesthewritersayofthestockmarketdecline?

A.Suchanacutecrisisusuallyprecedesaboom.

B.Itwillconstituteattractivetakeovertargets.

C.Investorshavetroublepluckingupcourage.

D.Ittriggeredresponsesfromvarioussectors.

16^ShouldanyonemuchcarewhetheranAmericanboyliving

overseasgetssixviciousthwacksonhisbackside?Somuchhas

beenargued,rejoinedandrehashedaboutthecaseofMichael

Fay,an18-year-oldconvictedofvandalismandsentencedtoa

caninginSingapore,thatanotherwisesorrylittleepisodehas

shadedintoacertifiedInternationalIncident,completewith

intercessionsbytheU.S.headofstate.Anaffairhasoutraged

Americanlibertariansevenasithasanimatedageneraldebate

aboutmoralityEastandWestandtheproperfunctioningofU.S.

lawandorder.

Which,toallappearances,iswhatSingaporewanted.The

questionofwhetheranyoneshouldcareaboutMichaelFayisidle:

thoughSingaporeofficialsprofessshockattheattentionhis

casehaddrawn,theyknowAmericanscaredeeplyaboutthemany

sidesofthisissue.Doesateenagerconvictedofsprayingcars

witheasilyremovablepaintdeservehalfadozenpowerful

strokes?Atwhatpointdoesswift,surepunishmentbecome

torture?BywhatmoralauthoritycanAmerica,withitshigh

ratesoflawlessnessandlicense,preachofasafesocietyabout

humanrights?

Thecaningsentencehasconcentratedmindswondrouslyonan

alreadylivelydomesticdebateoverwhatconstitutesadue

balancebetweenindividualandmajorityrights.ToobadMichael

Fayhasbecomeafocusforthisdiscussion.Notonlydoeshe

seemdestinedtobepummeledandimmobilized,buttheuseof

Singaporeasastandardforjudginganyothersociety,letalone

thecacophonousU.S.,isfairlyworthless.

Tobeginwith,Singaporeisanoffshorerepublicthattightly

limitsimmigration.Imaginecrime-riddenLOSAngeles,towhich

Singaporeissometimescontrasted,withhardlyanyinflowof

thehard-luck,oftendesperatefortuneseekerswhoflocktobig

cities.Evenwithoutitsgovernment'sdisciplinarymeasures,

Singaporemorethanplausiblywouldbemuchthesameasitis

now.Anacademiccommonplacetodayisthatthemajorfactor

determiningsocialpeaceandprosperityisculture—asenseof

commonidentity,traditionandvalues.

UnlikeSingapore,though,theU.S.todayisanationinsearch

ofacommonculture,tryingtobeauniversalsocietythat

assimilatesthetraditionsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.

Effortstosafeguardminorityaswellasindividualrightshave

producedagridlockinthejusticesystem.Itstroublesstem

morefromthedecayoffamilylifethanfromanygovernment

failures.Fewsocietiescanaffordtolookoncomplacently.As

traveleasesandculturesintermix,theAmericanexperienceis

becomingtheworld's.

Thecircumstancesofthisaffair一evidentlynoSingaporeanhas

everbeenpunishedundertheVandalismActfordefacingprivate

property一suggestthatSingaporehasusedFayasanunwilling

pointmaninagrowingquarrelbetweenEastandWestabouthuman

rights.

WhatdidthewritersayhappenedtoMichaelFayinSingapore?

A.Hiscasecapturedworldwideattention.

B.Hereceivedseverepunishment.

C.Hisexperiencewasoutoftheordinary.

D.Hewaslikelytobedisabled.

17、

ThereactionoftheU.S.tothecaseofMichaelFaycouldbest

bedescribedas

A.bigsurprise.

B.graveoutrage.

C.greatconcern.

D.heavyagony.

18、

Theword"cacophonous”(Para.3)mostprobablymeans

A.commonplace.

B.assimilative.

C.disharmonious.

D.stereotyped.

19、

ItseemsthatthewriterbelievesthatSingaporeshouldbe

praisedintermsof

A.legislativemeasures.

B.itsbalancingpolicies.

C.propertysafeguard.

D.itsculturalvalues.

20、

Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatthedebatetriggeredby

Fay，scasefocusesmainlyupon

A.humanrights.

B.moralstandards.

C.popcultures.

D.ethicalvalues.

21、PartB(10points)

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Youare

requiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttext

bychoosingfromthelistA一G.Thefirstandthelast

paragraphshavebeenplacedforyou.

A.Yetthievesstillreaparichharvest.Inadequateprotection

ofU.S.patents,trademarksandcopyrightscoststheU.S.

economy$80billioninsaleslosttopiratesand250,000jobs

everyyear,accordingtoGaryHoffman,anintellectualproperty

attorneyatDickstein,ShapiroMorininWashington.The

computerindustrylosesupwardsof$4billionofrevenuesayear

toillegalcopyingofsoftwareprograms.Piracyofmovies,

booksandrecordingscoststheentertainmentbusinessatleast

$4billionannually.

B.Withintellectualpropertynowaccountingformorethan25%

ofU.S.exports(comparedwithjust12%eightyearsago),

protectionagainstinternationalpiracyrankshighontheBush

Administration，stradeagenda.TheU.S.InternationalTrade

Commission,thefederalagencythatdealswithunfair-trade

complaintsbyAmericancompanies,ishandlingarecordnumber

ofcases(38lastyear),SaysITCChairmanAnneBrunsdale:

''Conceptualpropertyhasreplacedproduceandheavymachinery

asthehotbedoftradedisputes'".

C.Thebattleiswidening一U.S.companiesfiledmorethan5,700

intellectual-propertylawsuitslastyearincontrastto3,800

in1980—andthestakescanbeenormous.Inthebiggest

patent-infringementcasetodate,EastmanKodakwasordered

lastOctobertopay$900millionforinfringingonSeven

Polaroidinstant-photographypatents.Inafar-reaching

copyrightcase,bookpublishersscoredanimportantvictoryin

MarchwhenafederalcourtinNewYorkCityfinedtheKinko's

Graphicsnationalchainofcopyingstores$510,000for

illegallyphotocopyingandsellingexcerptsofbookstocollege

students.

D.Althoughtheverdictissubjecttoappeal,theaward

underscoresthegrowingimportanceofprotectingintellectual

property.Thatphrasemayseementirelytoograndtoapplyto

asonglikeIfYouDon'tWantMyPeaches,You'dBetterStop

ShakingMyTree,butitactuallyencompassesthewholevast

rangeofcreativeideasthatturnouttohavevalue一andmany

ofthemhavemorevaluethanever.FromWaltDisney'sMickey

MousetoUpjohn'sformulaforitsanti-baldnesspotion,patents,

trademarksandcopyrightshavebecomecorporatetreasuresthat

theirownerswilldoalmostanythingtoprotect.

E.Inaneconomyincreasinglybasedoninformationand

technology,ideasandcreativityoftenembodymostofa

company，swealth.Thatiswhyinnovationsarebeingpatented,

trademarkedandcopyrightedinrecordnumbers.Itisalsowhy

today'scleverthiefdoesn'trobbanks,manyofwhicharebroke

anyway;hemakesunauthorizedcopiesofKevinCostner'slatest

film,sellsfakeCartierwatchesandstealstheformulafor

Merck'snewestpharmaceutical.That,swherethemoneyis.

F.Onereasonisthatanycountriesofferonlyfeebleprotection

tointellectualproperty.Realizingthatsuchlaxnesswill

excludethemfrommuchworldtradeaswellashobblenative

industries,nationseverywherearerevisinglawscovering

patents,copyrightsandtradenames.Malaysia,Egypt,China,

turkey,BrazilandeventheSovietUnionhaveallrecently

announcedplanseithertoenactnewlawsorbeefupexisting

safeguards.InanefforttowinU.S.congressionalsupportfor

aproposedfree-tradepact,Mexicolastmonthrevealedplans

todoublethelifeoftrademarklicensesto10yearsandextend

patentprotectionforthefirsttimetosuchproductsas

pharmaceuticalsandfood.

G.Companiesarecrackingdownonpirateswhostealdesigns,

moviesandcomputerprograms.Thebattleisgettinghotter—and

moreimportant.WhenJohnsonJohnsonintroducedanew

fiber-glasscastingtapeforbrokenbonesseveralyearsago,

executivesatMinnesotaMiningManufacturing

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Thelevelofeconomicandindustrialdevelopmentenjoyedby

astateaffectstheforeignpolicygoalsitcanpursue.(46)As

ageneralproposition,themoredevelopedastateis

economically,themorelikelyitisthatitwillplayan

activistroleintheworldpoliticaleconomy.Richnationshave

intereststhatextendfar