重難點10非謂語動詞-2023年中考英語【熱點·重點·難點】專練(全國通用)(原卷版)

專項一詞匯重難點10非謂語動詞 1.動詞不定式1.1.動詞不定式的形式:基本形式為“to+動詞原形”，否定形式為“notto+動詞原形”。例It'simportantnottobelateforclass.上課不遲到是非常重要的。1.2.動詞不定式的功能（1)動詞不定式作狀語。作狀語時，一般在句中作目的狀語、結果狀語和原因狀語。例WeneedmoremoneytoimprovetransportinLondon.我們需要更多的錢來改善倫敦的交通狀況。（2)動詞不定式作主語。常用it作形式主語，真正作主語的不定式后置。常用句型為“Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.”。例It'snoteasytofindyourwayaroundthetown.在這個小鎮(zhèn)上要找到路很不容易。（3)動詞不定式作賓語。常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：wouldlike/wantto想要agreeto同意affordto負擔得起hope/wishto希望decideto決定promiseto承諾continueto繼續(xù)expectto期望refuseto拒絕（4)動詞不定式作賓語補足語。常接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞：tellsb.todosth.告訴某人做某事warnsb.todosth.警告某人做某事invitesb.todosth.邀請某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事expectsb.todosth.期望某人做某事advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事（5)動詞不定式作定語。作定語時常放在修飾詞后，作后置定語。例Ican'tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.我想不出任何好的建議給她。（6)動詞不定式作表語。常放于be動詞后。例Myjobistolookafterthebaby.我的工作是照顧這個嬰兒。1.3.“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結構動詞不定式可以與疑問代詞who,whom,what,which,whose及疑問副詞when,where,how等連用，構成不定式短語，在句中作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、同位語等。Ididn'tknowhowtogetbacktothevillage.我不知道怎樣回到村子。1.4.常見省略to的動詞不定式結構hadbetterdosth.最好做某事wouldratherdosth.寧愿做某事cannotbutdosth.只好做某事Why(not)dosth.?為什么（不）做某事？動名詞2.1.動名詞的功能（1)動名詞作動詞的賓語。常接動名詞作賓語的動詞（短語）有：enjoy喜歡finish完成keep(on)保持mind介意advise建議suggest建議practice練習admit承認feellike想要can'thelp禁不住imagine想象avoid避免（2)作介詞的賓語。介詞后用動名詞作賓語。例Aftereatinginherrestaurantpeoplewouldbecometiredveryquickly.顧客在她的餐館里吃過飯以后，很快就會感到疲乏。（3)動名詞作定語。置于被修飾詞之前，表明被修飾詞的用途、性質等。例Sheisinthewaitingroom.她在候車室。例Let'sbuyawashingmachine.我們買臺洗衣機吧。（4)動名詞作主語。表示一種概念、習慣或經(jīng)驗，常用it作形式主語，把動名詞置于句尾。Itisfunplayingcomputergames.玩電腦游戲很有趣。（5)動名詞作表語。例Hisfavoritesportsisplayingbasketball.他最喜歡的運動是打籃球。2.2.動詞不定式與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別部分動詞后接動詞不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大。remembertodosth.記得去做某事rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事forgettodosth.忘記去做某事forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事regrettodosth.遺憾去做某事（未做某事而遺憾）regretdoingsth.后悔做了某事（做了某事而后悔）trytodosth.設法盡力做某事trydoingsth.試著做某事stoptodosth.停下當前事去做另一件事stopdoingsth.停止當前事現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。分詞的句法功能如下：功能說明例句定語修飾語與被修飾詞為主動關系或動作正在進行用現(xiàn)在分詞；反之，為被動關系或動作已完成用過去分詞。單個分詞作定語放在所修飾詞前，分詞短語作定語放在修飾詞后。Forexample,therearealreadyrobotsworkinginfactories.例如，已經(jīng)有機器人在工廠里工作了。Heisamanlovedbyall.他是一個受大家愛戴的人。狀語與主語為主動關系用現(xiàn)在分詞；與主語為被動關系用過去分詞。Beingill,shestayedathome.因為病了，所以她待在家里。Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個小時，我也能做出這道題。補足語賓語與補足語為主動關系或表示動作正在進行用現(xiàn)在分詞；賓語與補足語為被動關系、動作已完成或動作他人完成用過去分詞。Don'thavethestudentsstudyingallday.不要讓學生們整天學習。Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。非謂語動詞是歷年中考必考知識點。從考查形式看，一般有單項選擇、完形填空、詞語運用等。所占分值通常為2～4分。從命題意圖看，側重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用非謂語動詞的能力。中考考查重點：1.動詞不定式；2.動名詞；3.分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。非謂語動詞指不能單獨作謂語，但同時仍保留動詞某些特征的動詞形式。非謂語動詞主要包括不定式、動名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）。典例解析1．（2022·四川廣安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyneedto________(籌集)enoughmoneytobuildanewschool.【答案】raise【詳解】句意：他們需要籌集足夠的資金來建造一所新學校。籌集：raise，needtodosth.“需要做某事”，動詞不定式作賓語。故填raise。2．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifyou’reoutgoingenough,you’llfindit’snothardto________________(交朋友)withothers.【答案】

make

friends【詳解】句意：如果你足夠外向，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)和別人交朋友并不難。makefriendswithsb.“與某人交朋友”；固定句型it’s+形容詞+todosth.“做某事是……樣的”。故填make；friends。3．（2022·安徽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）I’mafraidImightlosemybestfriend,andI’lltrytor________(修復)ourrelationship.【答案】(r)epair【詳解】句意：我害怕我可能會失去我最好的朋友，我會努力修復我們的關系。repair“修復”，trytodosth“努力做某事”，故填(r)epair。一、單項選擇1．（2022·貴州黔東南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Anoldman________onthesideoftheroadwasfound________,andhewassenttothehospitalbythebusdriverandpassengersimmediately.A．lies;dies B．lay;died C．lain;dead D．lying;dying2．（2022·天津·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thepaintingisreallyvaluabletohim.Hewillneveragree________it.A．sell B．sells C．sold D．tosell3．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mr.Browntoldhissonnot________thepaintingsinthemuseum.A．touch B．totouch C．touching D．touched4．（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Kitty,thesebooksare________heavyforyou________carry.Letmehelpyou.A．a(chǎn)s…as B．too…to C．such…that D．so…that5．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thenewyeariscoming.Teachersencourageus________newhobbies.A．develop B．developing C．todevelop D．developed6．（2022·江蘇揚州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________thepeoplelockedinside,thefiremenbrokedownthedoor.A．Reach B．Toreach C．Reaching D．Toreaching7．（2022·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—MissLi,canyoutellmehowtoimprovemywritingskills?—Certainly.Iadviseyou________adiaryinEnglisheveryday.A．tokeep B．keeping C．kept D．keeps8．（2022·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Welearned________toworkasateambycompletingthetask.A．what B．which C．how D．who9．（2022·云南·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifyouwant________yourpronunciation,keeponpracticingeveryday.A．improve B．improved C．improving D．toimprove10．（2022·四川達州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Thelocalgovernmentadvisespeople________tootherplaces________itisnotnecessaryduringthepandemic.A．travel;unless B．tonottravel;if C．nottotravel;unless D．nottotravel;if11．（2022·四川達州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Hurryup,Jason!We’regoingtothecinema,buttheclothesstillneed________.—Don’tworry.Ithinkthirtyminutes________enough.A．washing;are B．towash;are C．towash;is D．washing;is12．（2022·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Boysandgirls,goodluckandwishyou________goodgradesonyournewjourney!A．cutting B．tocut C．getting D．toget13．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Hollyprefersplayingthepianoto________theviolin.Listen!She________thepianoinherroom.A．play;isplaying B．playing;plays C．playing;isplaying14．（2022·四川遂寧·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Theartfestivaliscoming.It’sagoodchancetoshowourselves.—Youareverygoodat________.Andyouwillbethemostpopularstar.A．singing B．sing C．tosing D．sang15．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Nancydidn’tknowanyoneinthenewschool,soshedecidedtojoinanafter-schoolclub________somenewfriends.A．tomeet B．meet C．met D．meets二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空16．（2022·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theteacheraskedthestudents________(circle)thecorrectanswer.17．（2022·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoy________(read)poems.18．（2022·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）MissGaoispreparingatalkonhow_________(solve)teenagerproblems.19．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Iremember__________mykeyintomybag,butnowit’snotthere!（put）20．（2022·上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Thejournalisthopedto_________thebraveactofthefireman.（reporter）三、完成句子21．（2022·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）凱特計劃參加學?？茖W日活動。Katewasplanningto__________________theactivitiesontheschoolScienceDay.22．（2022·貴州貴陽·統(tǒng)考中考真題）做往往比說更重要。_______somethingisusuallymoreimportantthantosaysomething.23．（2022·重慶·統(tǒng)考中考真題）那位62歲的女士足夠勇敢，從湖里救起了一位小伙子。（完成譯句）The62-year-oldlady