專題09詞義猜測題（講義）-2024年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)高頻考點追蹤與預(yù)測（新高考專用）

專題09詞義猜測題01專題網(wǎng)絡(luò)·思維腦圖02考情分析·解密高考03高頻考點·以考定法考點詞義猜測題考點詞義猜測題【高考解密】命題點01單詞或短語猜測命題點02代詞或名詞指代猜測命題點03句子意義猜測【技巧解密】【考向預(yù)測】04核心素養(yǎng)·微專題微專題詞義猜測題易錯陷阱05創(chuàng)新好題·分層練考點考查內(nèi)容高考考題設(shè)問細(xì)節(jié)理解題核心價值：高考英語試卷取材廣泛、體裁多樣，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生德智體美勞全面發(fā)展，加強對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化和社會主義先進文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂的育人功能。第一，強化體美勞教育引導(dǎo)，夯實全面發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)。在體育融入試題方面，2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷閱讀題選取運動促進心臟健康的語篇，寫作題選取一名殘疾學(xué)生積極參加跑步比賽的語篇。這些語篇和材料旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生提高運動意識，保持身心健康。在美育融入試題方面，2022年全國甲卷聽力題選取一位藝術(shù)鑒賞家談?wù)撟约航?jīng)歷的材料，閱讀題選取介紹英國加的夫市藝術(shù)劇院的語篇，這些語篇旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生加深對藝術(shù)的認(rèn)識，培養(yǎng)健康向上的審美情趣。在勞動教育融入試題方面，各套試卷的語篇包含了山區(qū)支教、烹飪、做家務(wù)等信息，涉及多種工作場景，旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成勞動觀念，在學(xué)習(xí)和生活中培養(yǎng)勞動精神。第三，關(guān)注時代發(fā)展與生活實踐，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生培養(yǎng)核心素養(yǎng)。2022年全國卷通過選取禁止開車使用、悉尼新舊文化沖突、新媒體對家庭教育和生活的影響、英國征收糖稅的起因及效果等具有探討性和思辨性的材料，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生形成獨立思考的習(xí)慣，培養(yǎng)主動發(fā)現(xiàn)問題和解決問題的能力；通過選取高科技無人機在鐵路交通中的應(yīng)用、鸚鵡識別物體形狀的實驗、人類語言發(fā)展的研究及與捉迷藏相關(guān)的兒童心理發(fā)展實驗等語篇，激發(fā)學(xué)生對科學(xué)實驗與研究的興趣通；通過選取關(guān)愛養(yǎng)老院老人的研究項目、勇救墜樓兒童、修復(fù)父子親情關(guān)系等語篇,倡導(dǎo)友好互助、彼此關(guān)愛的和諧人際關(guān)系。學(xué)科素養(yǎng)：從話題選擇來看，近三年圍繞人與自然、人與社會、人與自我三大主題全面考查英語綜合運用能力，試題取材廣泛、體裁多樣，進一步體現(xiàn)考試對五育（德、智、體、美、勞）全面發(fā)展的引導(dǎo)作用，加強對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、和社會主義先進文化的考查，充分發(fā)揮文化鑄魂育人功能。落實立德樹人，彰顯德育本色。從命題方向及趨勢來看，全國卷試題高考英語試題整體難度穩(wěn)定且適中，從教材出發(fā)，強調(diào)主干知識的運用以及基本能力的考查。同時全國卷試題高考英語試題注重考查學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)、創(chuàng)新能力以及解決實際問題的能力。【2023·新高考全國Ⅰ卷】C29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inParagraph3mean?【2023·新高考全國Ⅱ卷】C30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inParagraph2mean?【2023年1月·浙江卷】B24．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon”meaninthefirstparagraph?【2023年1月·浙江卷】C29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?【2023·全國甲卷】B24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inParagraph1?【2023·全國乙卷】D34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inParagraph3referto?【2022·新高考I卷】Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?【2022·全國高考乙卷】29.Whatdoes“maintenance”underlinedinparagraph3referto?【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】24．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?【2022·全國甲卷】28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“taketheplunge”underlinedinparagraph2?【2021·英語全國甲卷】29.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe!”probablymean?【2021年新高考I卷】C篇29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“decimate”meaninthefirstparagraph?【2021年全國乙卷】B25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”inparagraph3mean?【2021年新高考II卷】B篇25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?命題點01單詞或短語猜測典例01【2023年新高考I卷C篇】Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?A.Clearup. B.Addon. C.Checkin. D.Takeover.【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.(這個過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動。在30天結(jié)束的時候，你再加上一些你認(rèn)為會給你所看重的東西帶來巨大好處的精心挑選的在線活動)”可推知，畫線詞“declutter”的意思是“清理”，對在線活動進行清理和挑選。故選A。典例02【2023年1月·浙江卷】CAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.【答案】

29．C

【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.(盡管ProjectDebater很聰明，但它也有一些弱點。它從文檔庫和預(yù)先構(gòu)建的參數(shù)中提取句子，并將它們串在一起。這可能會導(dǎo)致人類不會犯的錯誤。)”和“willnodoubtbeironedout(毫無疑問會被解決)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“這樣的錯誤會被糾正，被解決”，劃線詞wrinkles的意思是“錯誤”，和errors意思相近，故選C。典例03【2023年全國甲卷】TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitestoDIY(doityourself).Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.......Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?Anartist. B．Awinner. C．Aspecialist. D．Apioneer.【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第一段畫線短語下文“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.(她擅長擺架子和拼接家具，從不付錢給別人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此處指TerriBoltonis是一位DIY高手。C項“Aspecialist(一位專業(yè)人員)”最接近畫線短語“adabhand”的意思。故選C。命題點02代詞或名詞指代猜測典例01【2023·全國乙卷D篇】Inadditiontotheproblemofmisprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(聯(lián)系)betweenliterateandnonliteratesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation”inParagraph3referto?A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.【文章大意】本文出自一本書的節(jié)選,探討了歷史記錄中文本與物品之間的關(guān)系,指出僅憑文本無法全面記錄歷史,文章提到了物品記錄歷史的重要性,它在提供雙方信息平衡方面具有重要意義。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前“…allourfirsthandaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.”可知,我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的,只是單方面的,不是歷史的全部真相;根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.”可知,如果我們想找到那個“conversation”的另一半,我們不僅需要讀文本,還需要讀物品。由此可推知,畫線詞指的是“歷史”,故選B項。典例02【2020年新高考I卷C篇】Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B．TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C．WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D．WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.【答案】D【解析】指代判斷題。上文提到了Bissell(比塞爾)寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章，然后畫線詞所在句提到他的訪問最終涉及的事遠(yuǎn)不止這個，因而才有了ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia這本書。由此可知，畫線詞that指的是“寫有關(guān)咸海的文章”。故選D。命題點03句子意義猜測典例01【2021年全國甲卷C篇】Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,wherethecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing.Ilovedit.Isoonmadefriendswiththelocalskaters.Wespokeourownlanguage.Andmyfavorite:Safe.Safemeantcool.Itmeanthello.Itmeantdon'tworryaboutit.Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿),Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup:Safe,man.Safe.Afewminuteslater,whenIlandedthetrick,myfriendsbeattheirboardsloud,shouting:“Safe!Safe!Safe！”Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!Safe！”probablymean?A．Becareful! B．Welldone!C．Noway! D．Don'tworry!【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Andthat'swhatmattered—landingtricks,beingagoodskater.(那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家。)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大聲歡呼。由此可推知，畫線詞指“落地技巧完美，干得漂亮”。故選B。單詞或短語猜測根據(jù)定義推測詞義：有時作者會通過給詞匯下定義來幫助讀者理解該詞的基本含義，如線索詞thatis,or,namely,inotherwords,thatistosay,tobemoreexact,toputitanotherway,whichis等。根據(jù)舉例推測詞義：有時，劃線部分后會根由一些具體的例子，這些例子可以幫助考試?yán)斫庠撛~的詞義。線索詞suchas,such...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。根據(jù)對比關(guān)系或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系推測詞義：表達(dá)對比或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞需注意but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,similarly,onthecontrary,incontrastto等。根據(jù)同義詞或并列結(jié)構(gòu)推測詞義：在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)和重復(fù)，會使用意思相同或相近的詞，此時，只要知道其中一個詞的意思，就能猜出另一個詞的意思。根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推測詞義：英語中的很多詞匯，尤其是不斷出現(xiàn)的新詞大多是通過構(gòu)詞法生成的，因此，掌握主要的構(gòu)詞法有助于猜測詞義。根據(jù)因果關(guān)系推測詞義：因果關(guān)系時一種常見的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)線索詞as,since,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,resultfrom,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,so...that,such...that等可知上下句存在因果，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。代詞或名詞指代猜測定關(guān)鍵：返回原文，找到指代詞，理清句子結(jié)構(gòu)。找替代：根據(jù)上下文，尋找復(fù)合邏輯關(guān)系的名詞、代詞、短語或句子等。再核對：比較選項，找出與符合邏輯的選項。一般來說，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或事。句子意義猜測一定位：定位劃線句，利用語法和邏輯關(guān)系準(zhǔn)確分析原卷二分析：分析理解劃線句前后語境，合理推斷句意三歸納：歸納總結(jié)，找出與原句意思完全吻合的選項考向01單詞或短語猜測1.【山東省煙臺市、德州市高三一?！緼sthenewyearapproaches,crowdsaroundtheworldmaybeexpectingwhizzesandbangstolightupthesky.Theappealoffireworkscouldfizzleoutwiththegrowinguseofdrones(無人機)forlightshows,though.OllieHowitt,aleaderofSkyMagic,whichusedateamof300dronestocreateadisplayforLondon’snewyearcelebrationlastyear,saiddemandhadincreasedsubstantially.“Wedothinkit’sgoingtobesomethingthat’severcatchingon,asopposedtoitbeingashortlivedsortoffashionpeoplehavesuddenlygotinterestedin.Dronesarereusableandthere’snofallout.Inthatsensethey’reaverygood,sustainableoption,”shesaid.Butnoteveryoneagrees.AspokespersonfromtheBritishFireworksAssociationsaiddronescouldalsoposeenvironmentalproblems.“Suggestionsarethatdroneshavelessofanimpactontheenvironment,butwehaveseriousconcernsaboutelectricaldemandanduseoflithiumbatterieswhichareknownnottobeallthat‘green’,”theysaid....8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“fizzleout”inparagraph1mean?A．Catchon. B．Windup.C．Createanimpact. D．Makeaeback.【答案】8．B【解析】詞句猜測題。結(jié)合常識和第一段“Theappealoffireworkscouldfizzleoutwiththegrowinguseofdrones(無人機)forlightshows,though.(不過，隨著無人機越來越多地用于燈光表演，煙花的吸引力可能會fizzleout)”中“fireworks”和“thegrowinguseofdrones”可知，煙花表演與無人機的表演是有共性的，都屬于夜空中的燈光秀，因此，當(dāng)無人機越來越多地用于燈光表演，煙花表演就減少或被替代，由此推知，劃線短語與Windup意思相近，意為“結(jié)束”。故選B項。2.【江蘇省七市（南通、泰州、揚州、徐州、淮安、連云港、宿遷）高考二模】Almosteveryonehasheardtheexpression,“thecalmbeforethestorm”.Itisusuallyusedtodescribeapeacefulperiodjustbeforeaverystressfulsituationoratenseargument.Britishsailorscoinedthephraseinthelate1600s;theynotedthatbeforecertainstormstheseaswouldseemtobeestaticandthewindswoulddrop.Butwhyisitoftensocalmbeforeastorm?Sciencehasgivenustheanswer.AccordingtoUSinfotainment(資訊娛樂)websiteHowStuffWorks,acalmperiodoccursbecausemanystorms,suchastornadoesandhurricanes,drawinallthewarmandhumidairfromthesurroundingarea.Asthisairrisesintothestormclouds,itcoolsandactsas“fuelforthestorm,likepetrolinacar”....28．Theunderlinedword“static”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A．violent B．quiet C．fastchanging D．warm【答案】28．B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itisusuallyusedtodescribeapeacefulperiodjustbeforeaverystressfulsituationoratenseargument.(它通常用來描述在一個非常緊張的情況或爭論之前的一段平靜的時期)”，以及劃線詞后的“thewindswoulddrop.Butwhyisitoftensocalmbeforeastorm?(風(fēng)力會減弱。但是為什么暴風(fēng)雨前總是那么平靜呢?)”可知，在某些暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前，海水是靜止的。由此可知劃線詞意為“靜止的”，故選B?？枷?2代詞或名詞指代猜測【遼寧省縣級重點高中協(xié)作體高三下學(xué)期一?！縏akethewheelofanelectricvehicleandpreparetobeamazed.Thelatesttechnologyisthere,withtabletlikescreensinsteadofoldfashionedswitches.Addfallingpricewhichmakesowningandrunningmanyelectricvehicles(shortforEV)ascheapasfossilfuelalternatives,andtheopenroadsignals.Aboveall,theinstantaccelerationofbatterypowermakesdrivingeasyandexciting.EVshouldberechargedroughlyevery250miles.Whenyoudofindapublicchargingpoint,itissometimesinaccessible,whichcauses“rangeanxiety”.ItisoneofthemainreasonsdriversgivefornotbuyinganEV.Whomightinstallthem?Driverswillneedamixoffast"longdistance"chargersinstallednearmotorwaysandslower“topup”chargersavailableinthecarparksofshoppingcenters,restaurantsandsoon.Dedicatedchargingfirmsandcarmakersareinvestingininfrastructure.Oilpaniesareputtingchargersinpetrolstationsandbuyingchargingpanies....9．Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"rangeanxiety"inparagraph2referto?A．Thereasonfordrivers'notbuyinganEV.B．Theissueofwhomightinstallchargingpoints.C．Thedoubtofwhetherdriverscanchargefreeinpetrolstations.D．Theworryofdrivers'notfindingaccessiblepublicchargingpoints.【答案】9．D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Whenyoudofindapublicchargingpoint,itissometimesinaccessible,whichcause“rangeanxiety”.(當(dāng)你確實找到了一個公共充電點時，有時候卻不能用，這將會導(dǎo)致rangeanxiety)”可知，當(dāng)尋找公共充電點時，有時候找到的充電點卻不能用，所以會導(dǎo)致司機們的擔(dān)心，所以rangeanxiety的意思應(yīng)該是“司機們擔(dān)心找到不適合的充電點”。故選D。考向03句意猜測1.【河北省高三模擬調(diào)研卷（三）】ItwasthefirstdayofSpringherebutitdidn'tfeellikeit.TheCoronavirus(冠狀病毒)Pandemicwassweepingtheglobeandeverywheretherewerefeelingsofuncertainty,fear,lonelinessandevendespair."SocialDistancing"hadbeethenewnorm.Heretheschoolshadbeenclosed,therestaurantdiningroomshadbeenshut,andpeoplehadbeentoldtoworkfromhomewhenevertheycould.Eventheshelteredworkshopwheremyoldestsonworkedhadbeencloseduntilfurlhernotice.Peoplehadmadearunonthestoresandlargeareasoftheshelveswerebare.Onthenewsthenumbersofsickanddeadcontinuedtorise.Itfeltliketherewasaweightonthesoulsofeveryoneintheworld.MyownfamilywasstayingathomeasmuchaspossibleandasIlookedoutmywindowIwonderedhowlongthiscrisiswouldlast.Itwasthen,however.thatIsawsomethingthatliftedthatweightoffofmysoul,mademyfacesmile,andmademyheartfeelhappyagain.Onthestreetbelowmyhousetherewasanoldfriendofminefromhighschoolwhowasateachertherenow.Withhimwasmyyoungersonsformeraidefromthehighschoolaswell.Theyweredeliveringtheschoollunchesdoortodoortothehungrychildrenwhowerestuckalhome.Watchingthemmademethinkofsomethingeveryone'schildhoodtelevisionneighbor.Mr.Roger'soncesaid:“Inthebadtimes,alwayslookforthehelpers.”Ihavenodoubtthiscrisiswillpassasallthecrisisbeforeithave.Butitisourchoiceonwhetheritbringsoutthebestinusortheworstinus.Letitbringoutthebestinyou.Useittostrengthenyourfaith.Useittofreeyourselffromfear.Useittogrowkinder,moregiving,andmoreloving.Beeahelpertoallthoseinneedandyouwillbeahappypersontodayandinallthedaystoe.14．WhatMr.Rogersaidactuallymeans______.A．inbadtimesweshouldwatchmonTVprogramsB．schoollunchesarcnoteasytoforgetformanypeopleC．weshouldpreparemorelunchesforschoolchildrenD．peoplelookforwardtohelpinghandsinbadtimes【答案】D【解析】句意猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段Roger的這句話“Inthebadtimes,alwayslookforthehelpers.”再結(jié)合上下文，疫情期間，人們相互幫助，可以推測，Roger的這句話意為“在危急的時刻，人們都應(yīng)該互相幫助”。故選D。2.【四川省樂山市高中第一次調(diào)查研究考試】OneofBritain'sfewtypicalcontributionstoworldculturemayetoanend,accordingtoasurveythatsuggestsholidaypostcardsarebeingemailedandtextedintoextinction（消亡）.Morethanhalfofthe1,000holidaymakersinterviewedsaidtheyhaddecidedtosendfewercards,turninginsteadtotheirelectronicpetitors.Aquarteroftherespondents（受訪者）dismissedpostcardsasoldfashionedandslowtoarrive.Afurther14%admittedthatthinkingofsomethingtofillthespacewastoochallenging,paredwithacallhome.AlthoughofficiallyinventedbyaHungarian,EmanuelHerrmann,in1869,theideaofillustratedcardswastakenupwithmostenthusiasminVictorianBritain,joiningGothicarchitectureandlandscapegardeningasfieldsinwhichthecountryexcelled....9．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"wastakenupwithmostenthusiasm"inparagraph2probablymean?A．Gainedpopularity. B．Tookplace. C．Cameback. D．Wentintoservice.【答案】9．A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“joiningGothicarchitectureandlandscapegardeningasfieldsinwhichthecountryexcelled”（它與哥特式建筑和風(fēng)景園林一起成為該國的優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)域。）可知，“theideaofillustratedcards”（插畫概念）成為優(yōu)秀領(lǐng)域，很受歡迎，推測劃線部分wastakenupwithmostenthusiasm表示“很受歡迎”，與gainedpopularity同義。故選A項。詞義猜測題易錯陷阱【易錯點陷阱一】單詞或短語猜測【吉林省長春市第二實驗中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高三試題】Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot”hearshighqualitysound.Butasonegelsfartherfromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.That’sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother’ssound.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Beeslower. B．Travelsfaster.C．Getssweeter. D．Soundsnicer.易錯分析：不能看出畫線部分詞根中mini含義“微型，袖珍的”，且未能關(guān)注上句but前后兩句話之間的轉(zhuǎn)折意義是錯誤主要原因?！敬鸢浮緼【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及后句“That’sbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother’ssound.（這是因為來自不同揚聲器的聲波相互作用，相互抵消對方的聲音）”可知，這種技術(shù)是通過降噪處理消除對別人的干擾，因此推斷劃線句句意：但當(dāng)你遠(yuǎn)離最佳點時，聲音就會減弱。故判斷該詞義為“聲音變小”。故選A。【易錯點陷阱二】代詞或名詞指代猜測【安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考】ThecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingtheAfricancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsofcarbon.TheinitiativeisAfricadriven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.“TheGreatGreenWall…isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionmissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingofus!”Whatdoes“us”underlinedinParagraph3referto?AfricanUnions.B．Alladvocates. C．Landowners. D．AllAfricans.易錯分析：本題容易脫離話題，主觀臆斷。不可煩躁，浮于表面，應(yīng)嚴(yán)密查找上文語句和詞語之間的邏輯聯(lián)系?！敬鸢浮緿【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“TheinitiativeisAfricadriven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.(這一倡議是非洲驅(qū)動的，對非洲大陸的人來說至關(guān)重要，可能是成功的關(guān)鍵)”以及““TheGreatGreenWall…isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,”saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnionmissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative.“Butthistimetheyidentify.Thisistheverythingofus!”(“綠色長城……是關(guān)于所有權(quán)的問題，而這正是發(fā)展援助的失敗之處，因為人們從未認(rèn)同它，”非洲聯(lián)盟撒哈拉和薩赫勒綠色長城倡議專員埃爾維斯·保羅·坦加姆說。“但這一次他們認(rèn)同了。這就是我們的本性！)”可知，此處的us指“所有的非洲人”。故選D項?！疽族e點陷阱三】句子意義猜測【浙江省名校協(xié)作體20232024學(xué)年高三適應(yīng)性試題】Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrenchfryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearsbinedandI’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.......Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying“I’vegotmyselfapartnerforlife.”?A．Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills. B．Skiinghasbeehislifelonghobby.C．Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter. D．Hisdaughterwillacpanyhimforever.【答案】C【解析】句意猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Watchingyourkidslearnnewskillsisextraordinarilyrewarding,butI’veexperiencedmorepersonalgrowththanIhaveatanyotherpointinmylife.”（看著你的孩子學(xué)習(xí)新技能是非常值得的，但我經(jīng)歷的個人成長比我生命中其他任何時候都要多。）以及劃線句前“Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Aliciawasfrenchfryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessedmevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearsbined”（去年，艾麗西亞在為初學(xué)者準(zhǔn)備的綠色雪道上練習(xí)了一個冬天的滑雪之后，她在藍(lán)色中級雪道一路摸索，甚至嘗試了她的第一個黑色鉆石雪道。那個月我去山上的次數(shù)比過去15年的總和還多）可知，孩子在探索的同時，我也在探索。所以劃線句的意思是他將和女兒一起探索更多。故選C。（2023上·黑龍江哈爾濱·高三哈九中校考期中）Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay,“breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”,orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit’svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast?Itseemsthatthismeal,formanyofus,isnecessaryforourdaytostartwell,butisitreallythatimportant?Theword“breakfast”esfrom“breakingthefast”—theideaofendingtheperiodinwhichwedidn’teatduringthenight.Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreservestohealourbodies.Breakfastgivesusanopportunitytoreplenishthosedepleted(耗盡的)storesofthingslikeproteinandcalcium.So,inthatway,ahealthybreakfastmakessense.Therearealsomanyoftenquotedstudieswhichseemtocorrelate(相關(guān))astateofbeingoverweightwithskippingbreakfast.Infact,itleadsmanyhealthexpertstoadviseahealthybreakfasttonotonlyregulatebutalsoloseweight.InaUSstudy,50,000peopleweremonitoredoversevenyears,andthosewhoateahealthybreakfastwerefoundtohavealowerBMI(體重指數(shù)),whichseemstosuggestthatbreakfastmayindeedhelppeoplemaintainahealthyweight.Butitmightnotbeassimpleasthat.Someexperts,likeAlexandraJohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchattheUniversityofAberdeen,suggestthosewhoskipbreakfastmightbelessawareofhealthydietsandnutrition,andpeoplewhoeatbreakfastmighthaveahealthierlifestyleoverallexercisingandnotsmoking,forexample.Andshealsopointsoutthatwiththeriseinpopularityofintermittent(間歇性的)fastingtoloseweight,theremayalsobesomebenefitsofnoteatingbreakfast,likeimprovingbloodsugarcontrolandloweringbloodpressure.So,whilebreakfasthasitsbenefits,itmightnotbethemostimportantmeal.Itseemsthatahealthylifestylewithabalanceddietmightbemoreimportantformanyofusthanjustonesinglemeal.1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphserveas?A．Anintroduction. B．Abackground. C．Anexplanation. D．Ament.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“replenish”meaninParagraph2?A．Setaside. B．Dealwith. C．Makeupfor. D．Runoutof.3．WhatconclusioncanwedrawfromJohnstone’sresearch?A．Skippingbreakfastmaydogoodtoourhealth.B．ThosewhoeatbreakfastcankeepalowerBMIC．Breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.D．Intermittentfastingcontributesgreatlytoweightloss.4．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoattheendofthetext?A．Trynewlifestyles. B．Beawareofthebenefitsofeachmeal.C．Paymoreattentiontobreakfast. D．Followabalanceddiet.【答案】1．A2．C3．A4．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了breakfast一詞的起源以及一頓健康的早餐是有意義的。文章解釋了相關(guān)研究表明，更重要的是健康的生活方式和均衡的飲食。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Haveyoueverheardsomeonesay,“breakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday”,orgiveyouadviceaboutwhyit’svitaltostartthedaywithahealthybreakfast?Itseemsthatthismeal,formanyofus,isnecessaryforourdaytostartwell,butisitreallythatimportant?(你是否聽過有人說，“早餐是一天中最重要的一餐”，或者給你建議為什么以健康的早餐開始新的一天是至關(guān)重要的？對于我們中的許多人來說，這頓飯似乎是我們一天良好開始的必要條件，但它真的那么重要嗎？)”可推知，第一段的作用是引出文章話題。故選A。2．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theregenerationprocessthattakesplacewhilewesleepconsumessomeofournaturalfoodreservestohealourbodies.(在我們睡覺時進行的再生過程會消耗一些我們的天然食物儲備來治愈我們的身體。)”以及后文“thosedepleted(耗盡的)storesofthingslikeproteinandcalcium(那些耗盡的蛋白質(zhì)和鈣等物質(zhì)的儲存)”可知，早餐讓我們有機會補充那些減少的蛋白質(zhì)和鈣等物質(zhì)。故劃線詞意思是“補充、彌補”。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Andshealsopointsoutthatwiththeriseinpopularityofintermittent(間歇性的)fastingtoloseweight,theremayalsobesomebenefitsofnoteatingbreakfast,likeimprovingbloodsugarcontrolandloweringbloodpressure.(她還指出，隨著間歇性禁食減肥的流行，不吃早餐也可能有一些好處，比如改善血糖控制和降低血壓。)”可知，Johnstone研究告訴我們不吃早餐也有一些好處。故選A。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Itseemsthatahealthylifestylewithabalanceddietmightbemoreimportantformanyofusthanjustonesinglemeal.(對我們許多人來說，健康的生活方式和均衡的飲食似乎比一頓飯更重要。)”可知，作者建議我們應(yīng)該均衡飲食。故選D。（2023上·湖北·高三華中師大一附中?？计谥校㊣n2022,campaigngroupFashionRevolutionChelseadyegardenforitsChelseaFlowerShowpresentation.Anancientcraft,naturaldyeingisapracticewhosetimehaseagain,withhandtiedyedfashionalsomakingaebackinrecentyears.

TherevivalhasbeenencouragedbyCovidlockdowns,“whichallowedpeopletoexplorethecraftathome,”saysnaturaldyeingenthusiastandteacherSusanDye.It’sunlikely,though,thatthepracticewouldhavecaughtoninquitethesamewayifnotforacontinuallygrowingdisfortaboutfashion’sheavyfootprint.Fromcarbonemissionstoanimalcruelty,fashionisunderconsiderableinspection.“Putitthisway,97%ofdyesusedintheindustryarepetrochemically(石油化學(xué)產(chǎn)品)based,”sayssustainablefashionconsultantJackieAndrews,whohelpedadvisetheUNEthicalFashionInitiative.“We’vegotnetzerotargetswhichmeanwe’regoingtohavetoremoveallthosepetrochemicalsfromthemanufacturingcycle.”Fashionisahugepolluter.AccordingtotheUNEnvironmentProgram,theindustryisresponsibleforuptoonefifthofallindustrialwaterpollution—duetothefactthatmostclothestodayareproducedinpoorercountrieswhereregulationisweakandenforcementweakerstill.Wastewaterisdumpeddirectlyintoriversandstreams,poisoningthelandaswellasthewatersourcesofpeopleandanimalswhorelyonthem.

It’seasytoseewhysomeonewhocaresaboutpeople,planetandanimals,aswellasclothes,mightturntonaturalplantdyeing.Fromthebeautyoftherawmaterialsoftenwildplantstothepropertyofonlybondingwithnaturalfiberlikecottonandlinen,fromtheminorfootprintofupclyclingoldclothingthathasgrayedorfadedovertimetothevibrantandlonglastingdyeingresults,plantdyeingfeelslikeaquietactofrebellion.Thisiswhy,whilebeginnersstartwithsimplychangingtheirclothes’color,newworldsopen.Manyoftoday’snaturaldyersgrowtheirowndyeplants,runlocalmunityworkshops,andadvocateforchangeinindustrializedfashionsystemsandbeyond.5．Whatisthemainreasonforthegrowingdisfortmentionedinparagraph2?A．Theadoptionofpetrochemicalbaseddyes.B．Thechallengingnetzerotargetstobeachieved.C．Thefashionindustry’sfocusonluxuriousdesigns.D．Thedisturbingconsequencesofthefashionindustry.6．Theauthorillustrates“Fashionisahugepolluter”by______.A．makingaparison B．givingexamplesC．listingnumbers D．introducinganewtopic7．Whatdoestheunderlin