必修一第四單元課文

1

Unit4

WarmingupandReading

EarthquakesHowmanykindsofdisastersarethereintheworld?2Warmingup3

tornado,hurricanetsunami4volcaniceruptionsandstormthunderstorm5fire6typhoon7drought8flood9SARS(Spring2003

)TheWorldTradeCenterwasdestroyed(2001.9.11)10EarthquakeTangshan,HebeiJuly28th,1976Canyoudescribehowterribletheearthquakewas?2008.5.12WenchuanEarthquakeThetownlayinruins.破敗不堪Thebuildingsfelldown.倒塌Roadscracked.開裂Manypeoplewerekilledorinjured.受傷的Agreatnumberofpeoplelosttheirhomes.許多，大量青海省玉樹縣2010年4月14日發(fā)生兩次地震，最高震級(jí)7.1級(jí)Whichdisastermaycausetheworstdamage?

earthquake211)

Whatdoyouthinkwillhappen

beforeanearthquake?DiscussionHowmuchdoyouknowaboutanearthquake?Pre-readingBrightlightswillflashinthesky.22Animals,suchascows,dogs,horsesandsnakes,willbeverynervousandupset.2324Predictionsofanearthquake:1)Brightlightsflashinthesky.3)Thewellwallshavedeepcrackswithsmellygas.4)Animals,suchascows,pigs,horsesandsnakesareverynervousandupset.5)

Micerunouttolookforplacestohide.6)Fishjumpoutoftheponds.2)

Thewaterinthewellriseandfall.DiscussNo.1inPre-readingonP25.25Howmuchmoredoyouknowaboutanearthquake?Whatmayhappeninanearthquake?Manypeoplemaybekilled……Peoplemaylosetheirhomes….

Manythingsmaybedestroyed…..Pre-readingVideo27Tangshan,HebeiJuly28th,1976Theearthquakedestroyedalmostallthecity.Manypeoplewerehurt.Hundredsofthousandsofpeopledied.Mostofthebuildingsinthecityfelldown.28Imagineyourhomebeginstoshakeandyoumustleaveitrightaway.Youhavetimetotakeonlyonething.Whatwillyoutake?personal

washing

thingsa

bottle

of

water

moneytorchmobile

phonefood

and

sweets

blanketmedicineYouwilltake32Reading

ANIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPFastreading

Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?AnearthquakehappenedinTangshanin1976.34Sumupthemainideaofeachpartofthepassage.(useonewordtodescribe)Part1:Para1Part2:Para2&3Part3:Para4Signs(征兆)Damage損害Recovery復(fù)原Jointhecorrectpartsofthesentences.2The

peopledidn’t

worrybecause

1

Thechickensdidn’teatbecause

C

theywere

nervous.Etheydidn’t

knowwhatthe

strangeevents

meant.3Suchagreat

numberofpeoplediedbecause4Waterwasneeded

because5ThepeopledidnotlosehopebecauseDdamsandwells

wereuseless.B

thequake

happenedwhile

theywere

sleeping.A

thearmy

cametohelp

them.

No.3onP27Para.1:Beforetheearthquake,strangethingsbegantohappenbutnoonepaidattentiontothem.Para.2:TheearthquakedestroyedthecityofTangshan.Para.3:Theearthquakeshockedthepeopleverymuch.Para.4:Thearmycametohelpthesurvivors,bringinghopeforanewlife.37Sumupthemainideaofeachparagraph.(useonewordtodescribeit)signsdamagesrecoveryPara1Para2&3Para4DetailedreadingListentothetapeandfillintheblanks39MainIdeaDetails________thingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Thewaterinthewells____and______.A_______gascameoutofthecracks.Thechickensandpigsweretoo________to_____.Fish________outofthebowlsandponds.Mice_____outofthefields.At______amonJuly28,1976,peoplesaw_______________inthesky.signsbeforetheearthquakePara.1Strangerosefellsmellynervouseatjumpedran3:00brightlightsFillintheblanks40MainIdeaDetailsAt_____am,the__________earthquakeofthe20thcenturybegan._______burstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsoftherockbecameriversof____.________coveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Two_______andmostofthebridgesfell.Therailwaytrackswerenow_________piecesof_______.______nowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Water,food,and______________werehardtoget.DamagecausedbytheearthquakePara.2-33:42greatestSteamdirtBricksdamsuselesssteelSandelectricity41Data(數(shù)據(jù))

ofthenationfelttheearthquake.Ahugecrackthatwas

kilometreslongand

metreswidecutacrosshouses.In

terriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.

ofthepeoplediedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan

.Allofthecity’shospitals,_ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand

ofitshomesweregone.1/3830152/3400,00075%90%Para.2-3Data(數(shù)據(jù))_____ofthenationfelttheearthquake.Ahugecrackthatwas__kilometreslongand

_____metreswidecutacrosshouses.In___terriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.

____ofthepeoplediedorwereinjuredduring theearthquake.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor injuredreachedmorethan________.Allofthecity’shospitals,_____ofitsfactories andbuildingsand_____ofitshomesweregone.1/3830152/3400,00075%90%Para.2-3Thesenumbersshowthedestructiveeffectsofearthquakedirectlytostudentswhichcanhelpstudentgainmoreinformationabouttheearthquake.Part2HowthearmyhelpedthepeopleinTangshan?Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythosewhoweretrapped.☆Minerswererescuedfromthecoalmines.☆Shelterswerebuiltforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.☆Freshwaterwastakentothecity.☆A(yù)ftertheearthquakePart3根據(jù)課文ANighttheEarthDidn’tSleep，在下文空格中填上恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，使其連貫完整。StrangethingshappenedinTangshan.For3dayswaterinthewellskept__1__(rise)andfalling.__2__(smell)gascameoutfromthecracksofwells.Animalsbecame__3__(nerve)．Therewereothersignsof__4__earthquakebutthepeoplethoughtlittleoftheseevents.At3∶42am，everythingbegantoshake.Theworldseemed__5__(be)atanend.One-thirdofthenationfeltthe__6__(great)earthquake.Infifteensecondsthecitylayin__7__.Two-thirdsofthepeoplediedor__8_(injure)．Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledandmanychildrenwereleft__9__parents.Thenlaterthatafternoon,__10__bigquakeshookTangshan.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast,butallhopewasnotlost.Soldierscametohelptherescuework.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.1．rising

2.Smelly

3.nervous

4.an

5.tobe6．greatest

7.ruins

8.wereinjured

9.without10．a(chǎn)nother譯文：地球的一個(gè)不眠之夜河北省東北部的農(nóng)村不斷有怪事發(fā)生。三天來，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。農(nóng)民們注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂縫，裂縫里冒出臭氣。農(nóng)家大院里的小雞，甚至連豬都緊張得不吃任何東西。老鼠跑出田地找地方躲藏，魚缸和池塘里的魚都往外跳。1976年7月28日凌晨3點(diǎn)左右，一些人看到天上有明亮的光。即使天上沒有飛機(jī)，在唐山城外也能聽到飛機(jī)聲。在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物的水管爆裂開來。但唐山市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒把這些情況當(dāng)回事兒，當(dāng)天晚上照常上床睡覺了。凌晨3點(diǎn)42分，一切都開始搖晃起來。世界似乎到了末日！20世紀(jì)最大的地震之一就在唐山市正下方11千米處發(fā)生了。200多千米以外的北京都感到了地震，全國三分之一的地方都有震感。一條8千米長、30米寬的巨大裂縫橫穿房屋、公路和水渠。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸汽，石頭山變成了泥沙河。在可怕的15秒內(nèi)，一座大城市就成為一片廢墟。人們?cè)馐芰藰O大的痛苦。他們當(dāng)中三分之二的人在地震中或死或傷。成千上萬的家庭被毀滅，許許多多的孩子變成了孤兒，傷亡人數(shù)超過了40萬?？尚掖娴娜藗冇衷趺茨芟嘈胚@是自然現(xiàn)象呢？他們看到的一切幾乎都被毀了。市內(nèi)所有的醫(yī)院、75%的工廠和建筑物、90%的家園都消失了。殘磚就像秋天的紅葉般覆蓋著大地。不過，風(fēng)是刮不起它們的。兩座大壩垮了，多數(shù)橋梁不是塌了，就是無法安全通行了。鐵軌如今成了一條條廢鋼。數(shù)以萬計(jì)的奶牛再也擠不出奶來了，50萬頭豬和幾百萬只雞全都死了。井里滿是沙子，而不是水。人們驚呆了。接著，當(dāng)天下午晚些時(shí)候，同第一次一樣強(qiáng)烈的地震再次震撼著唐山。一些救援人員和醫(yī)生被困在了廢墟下。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、食物和電都很難弄到。人們開始納悶，這場災(zāi)難還會(huì)持續(xù)多久。并不是所有的希望都破滅了。地震后不久，部隊(duì)派遣了15萬名戰(zhàn)士到唐山來協(xié)助救援人員，數(shù)十萬的人得到了援助。救援部隊(duì)組成了小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，并將死者掩埋。在唐山市的北邊，萬名礦工中大多數(shù)人是從礦井中被救出來的。援救人員為那些家園被毀的幸存者們蓋起了避難所，火車、卡車和飛機(jī)都向市內(nèi)運(yùn)來了干凈的水。慢慢地，這座城市又開始出現(xiàn)了生機(jī)。

1．Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend！仿佛到了世界末日！點(diǎn)撥本句是個(gè)復(fù)合句，含有一個(gè)asif引導(dǎo)的表語從句，其句型為“Itlooks/seems/sounds/feelsasif...”。其中it本身無詞義，常與look,seem,feel,sound,smell等連系動(dòng)詞連用。拓展(1)asif?？梢院蚢sthough

互換，意為“仿佛；好像”。如：

Itlooks/seemsasifyouhavegotnoexperience.

＝Itlooks/seemsasthoughyouhavegotnoexpe-rience.看來你似乎并沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。(2)asif引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語氣，表示不真實(shí)或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況：

若表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想，動(dòng)詞用過去式(be動(dòng)詞用were，適用于各種人稱)；若表示與過去事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想，動(dòng)詞用“had＋過去分詞”形式。如：Heactsasifheweresmoking.他的舉動(dòng)好像在抽煙。(其實(shí)不是)Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.他們談話的樣子好像他們是多年的好朋友。(其實(shí)不是)(3)asif引導(dǎo)的從句也可用陳述語氣，表示說話者認(rèn)為陳述的事情是真實(shí)的或極可能發(fā)生或存在的。如：Itsoundsasifsomeoneiscoming.聽起來似乎有人來了。(很可能存在)運(yùn)用完成句子

①It_______________________(聽起來似乎)someone_______________________(正在敲)thedoorwhenitblowsstrongly.②It_________________________(看起來好像)it_______________________(下了雨)butitwassunny. ③Itlooksasif_______________________________(她已經(jīng)出去)forafewdays,becausethetableiscoveredwithdirt.soundsasif/thoughwereknockingatlooksasif/thoughhadrainedshehasbeenout

2．One-thirdofthenationfeltit.全國三分之一的地方都有震感。點(diǎn)撥句子的主語用了分?jǐn)?shù)表示法。英語中的分?jǐn)?shù)表示規(guī)則為：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1時(shí)，分母詞尾要加-s，分子和分母中間可以用連字符，也可不用。如： 三分之一——onethird或one-third或athird

三分之二——twothirds或two-thirds拓展當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)作句子主語時(shí)，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由分?jǐn)?shù)后面名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)來決定。如：

Onethirdoftheapplehasrotted.

這個(gè)蘋果的三分之一爛了。

Onethirdoftheappleshaverotted.

這些蘋果中三分之一爛了。運(yùn)用用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空

①Two-thirdsofthecotton________(send)toAmericatwodaysago. ②Onethirdofthestudents________(have)theirreadingclassinthemorningeveryday.wassenthave

3．Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.人們無論朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。點(diǎn)撥everywhere作從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，相當(dāng)于wherever或nomatterwhere。如：

Everywhere/Wherever/Nomatterwherehegoes,hegetswarmwelcome.

無論他走到哪里都受到熱烈的歡迎。拓展everytime,eachtime,themoment,anywhere也可作連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句。如：

EachtimeIsawhim,Ithoughtofhispoorbrother.

每次看見他，我就想起了他可憐的弟弟。運(yùn)用完成句子

①_______________________________________________(無論他旅行到哪里),hewilltakephotosofbeautifulsights. ②______________________________(我看到他的那一刻),myheartwasbroken.Everywhere/Wherever/NomatterwherehetravelsThemomentIsawhim4．Allhopewasnotlost.并非所有的希望都破滅了。點(diǎn)撥該句使用了部分否定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。部分否定是由表示“全體”意義的代詞、副詞或形容詞all,both,every,everybody,always等和否定副詞not連用構(gòu)成的。如：

Everyonedoesn'tlikethestory.

＝Noteveryonelikesthestory.

并非每個(gè)人都喜歡這個(gè)故事。

Bothofthestudentsdon'tlikethestory.

并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都喜歡這個(gè)故事。拓展如要對(duì)上述的all,both,every,always等詞作完全否定，那就分別要用與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的全否定詞，如no,none,neither,noone,never,not(never)．..atall等。如：

Allofthemcandoit.他們每個(gè)人都能做這件事。

→Noneofthemcandoit.沒有一個(gè)人能做這件事。

Heisalwayslate.他經(jīng)常遲到。

→Heisneverlate.他從不遲到。運(yùn)用完成句子

①___________________________(并非這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都)likethestory. ②___________________________(這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不)likethestory. ③___________________________(這些學(xué)生沒有一個(gè))likethestory.Bothofthestudentsdon'tNeitherofthestudentsNoneofthestudents四、課文內(nèi)容復(fù)述

BeforeTangshanearthquake,strangethingshappenedanda(1