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動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)11年高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)系列二

時(shí)態(tài)(16種)

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

語(yǔ)態(tài)(主動(dòng)、被動(dòng))語(yǔ)氣(陳述、虛擬)動(dòng)詞不定式

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞

-ing式現(xiàn)在分詞分詞過(guò)去分詞一、知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)

表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)

教學(xué)大綱要求的常用的12種時(shí)態(tài):一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)一般將來(lái)時(shí)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)將來(lái)完成時(shí)將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)16種時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式完成進(jìn)行式現(xiàn)在時(shí)

過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)

過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)式do/doesdidshall/willdowoulddoam/is/aredoingwas/weredoingwill/shallbedoingwouldbedoinghave/hasdonehaddonewill/shallhavedonewouldhavedonehave/hasbeendoinghadbeendoingwill/shallhavebeendoingwouldhavebeendoing動(dòng)詞加ing的規(guī)則:1.直接加ing.playing2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的去e再加ing.hoping3.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的,雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加ing.putting閉音節(jié):以輔音字母(r例外)結(jié)尾的音節(jié).bed開(kāi)音節(jié):以發(fā)音的元音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié).no/be或“元音字母+輔音字母(r例外)+不發(fā)音的e”結(jié)尾的音節(jié).use/site規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成加ed,規(guī)則:1.一般直接加ed.played2.以不發(fā)音的e加d.hoped3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,改y為i再加ed.studied4.以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的,雙寫(xiě)輔音字母再加ed.stopped高考考點(diǎn)1.時(shí)態(tài)的替代現(xiàn)象2.時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法5.短暫性動(dòng)詞的肯定式不能與時(shí)間段連用6.will/shalldo,begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo與bedoing/do的區(qū)別7.七種特定時(shí)態(tài)1.時(shí)態(tài)的替代現(xiàn)象(1)在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)替代將來(lái)完成時(shí).Iwon’tgoswimmingifitrains.Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.但與if從句中will表“意愿”區(qū)分:Ifyouwilllisten,I’lltellyouaboutit.①Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou_____home.A.wroteB.willwriteC.havewrittenD.write②Assoonashecomesback,I’lltellhimwhen______andseehim.A.youwillcomeB.willyoucomeC.youcomeD.doyoucome③Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone______somequickrepairwork.A.hasdoneB.isdoingC.doesD.haddoneDAC(2)表示去向的動(dòng)詞或起止性動(dòng)詞(come,go,leave,arrive,start,move,sail,fly,takeoff,getoff,travel,return,begin,stop,open,close,end,finish,stay等)可用①一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按時(shí)刻表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;

Thetrainleavesat4:30p.m.②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示預(yù)定的近期將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;

I’mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.③過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來(lái)動(dòng)作。

Iwastoldtheplanewastakingoffsoon.1.--Areyoustillbusy?--Yes,I_____mywork,anditwon’ttakelong.A.justfinishB.amjustfinishingC.havejustfinishedD.amjustgoingtofinish2.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026______offat18:20.A.takesB.takeC.willbetakenD.hastakenBA3.--WhatwereyoudoingwhenTonyphonedyou?

--Ihadjustfinishedmyworkand____totakeashower.A.hadstartedB.startedC.havestartedD.wasstartingD(3)here,there,now,then等開(kāi)頭的倒裝句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。Look!Herecomestheteacher.(=Theteacheriscoming.)Listen!Theregoesthebell.(=Thebellisringing.)(4)before,after,assoonas

本身“先、后”時(shí)間明確,可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)替代過(guò)去完成時(shí)。He(had)leftbeforeIarrived.AfterI(had)finishedmyhomework,Iwenttobed.(5)

若干連續(xù)動(dòng)作,如果其順序非常清楚,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but等詞連接時(shí),無(wú)需用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Hestoodup,wentoutoftheclassroomandsoondisappearedinthestreet.MyauntgavemeawatchandIlostit.She_____herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.A.wouldcomeB.haschangedC.changedD.waschangingC(6)think,want,suppose,guess,expect,hope,wish,intend,mean,plan等表示愿望、打算的動(dòng)詞,可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)替代一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí)替代一般過(guò)去時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算、愿望、意圖等。Iwantedtostaywithyou,butIhaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.Hehadhopedtoarriveontime,buthiscarbrokedown.--Yesterday’spartywasagreatsuccess.Youshouldhavecome.--I_______,butanoldfriendturnedup.A.hadplannedtoB.weretogoC.mayhavegoneD.wouldgoA(7)makesure,mind,care,matter等后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Solongasheworks

hard,Idon’tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.2.時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)原則賓語(yǔ)從句,若主句謂語(yǔ)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài);若主句謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)(但客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言警句等仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))。Theteachersaidhewassatisfiedwithus.IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的事實(shí)。Isawthefilmlastweek.(看電影是上個(gè)星期的事,與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān))

Ihaveseenthefilmbefore.(強(qiáng)調(diào)了解電影內(nèi)容,現(xiàn)在無(wú)需再看)(2)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去延續(xù)了一般時(shí)間的動(dòng)作已停止。

Hewasasoldierfor3years.他曾當(dāng)過(guò)三年兵。

Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.他已當(dāng)兵三年了。(3)

沒(méi)有包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)或不是截止到“現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。Chinawaspoorinthepast.(inthepast不包括“現(xiàn)在”)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepast20years.(是算至“現(xiàn)在”為止)①--Where______therecorder?Ican’tseeitanywhere.--I____itrighthere.Butnowit’sgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.haveyouput;putC.hadyouput;wasputtingD.wereyouputting;putB②Althoughmedicalscience_____controloverseveraldangerousdiseases,whatworriesusisthatsomeofthemarereturning.A.achievedB.hasachievedC.willachieveD.hadachieved③Yearsagowedidn’tknowthis,butrecentscience____thatpeoplewhodon’tsleepwellgetill.A.showedB.willshowC.hasshownD.isshowing

BC4.過(guò)去完成時(shí)(1)把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的立足點(diǎn)從現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)移到過(guò)去。a.

在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句。Shesaid(that)shehadneverbeentoParis.b.

在過(guò)去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先,用過(guò)去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.

c.

表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本……,未能……”

Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.(2).過(guò)去完成時(shí)不能孤立使用,它必須以過(guò)去某一時(shí)間為基點(diǎn),即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”,因此只有在和過(guò)去某時(shí)或動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它。(1)Iwasgivingatalktoalargegroupofpeople,thesametalkI____tohalfadozenotherpeople.A.wasgivingB.amgivingC.hadgivenD.havegiven(2)Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich____placedundertheMinister’scar.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasbeingD.wouldbe(3)He____morethan5,000Englishwordswhenheenteredtheuniversityattheageof15.A.haslearnedB.wouldhavelearnedC.learnedD.hadlearnedCBD

5.瞬間性動(dòng)詞的肯定式完成時(shí)不能與表一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。

HehascometoBeijingsincelastyear.HehaslivedinBeijingsincelastyear.

他參軍三年了。Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.Hehasservedthearmyfor3years.Hejoinedthearmy3yearsago.Hehasbeenasoldierfor3years.Itis3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.常見(jiàn)的瞬間性動(dòng)詞有:marry,close,die,arrive,fall,leave,go,break,lose,give,join,jump,receive,buy,borrow,start,begin,graduate等。ⅹⅹ

6.will/shalldo,begoingtodo,betodo,beabouttodo與

bedoing/do的區(qū)別(1)shall/willdo表示事先未經(jīng)考慮,而是臨時(shí)起意的打算、計(jì)劃,沒(méi)有主觀性,是純粹的將來(lái)動(dòng)作。這種用法常見(jiàn)于會(huì)話(huà)中乙聽(tīng)了甲的話(huà)之后作出的反應(yīng)。①I(mǎi)shall/willnotbefreetomorrow.②Hewillarriveherethisevening.③---Whereisthetelephonebook?---I’llgoandgetitforyou.④---You’veleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.I’llgoandturnitoff.(2)begoingtodo表示現(xiàn)在打算要做某事(往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備);也可以表示某種可

能性

(即有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事)。HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.Itisgoingtorainsoon.(3)betodo

表示按預(yù)定計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;表示吩咐、要求、命令或禁止他人做某事;某事注定要發(fā)生。Thenewbridgeistoopentotrafficinthreedays.Youarenottobringanymobilecommunicationmeansintotheexamroom.Youaretostayhomeuntilyourmothercomesback.Ifyouaretosucceed,youshouldredoubleyourefforts.(4)beabouttodo

即刻著手做,后不能接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

(但常與when連用)。Autumnharvestisabouttostart.Theshipisabouttoleave.(5)bedoing/do強(qiáng)調(diào)在近期按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的事。Doyougetoffatthenextstop?Theplanetakesoffat11:00a.m.Areyoustayingheretillnextweek?–DidyoutellJudiaabouttheresult.–Oh,no,Iforgot.I______hernow.A.willbecallingB.willcallC.callD.amtocall(2)–Whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?–Iamgoingtothecinemawithsomefriends.Thefilm____aquiteearly,sowe____tothebookstoreafterthat.A.finished;aregoingB.finished;goC.finishes;aregoingD.finishes;goBC(3)Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty______,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld(4)Hesaidhe___meapresentunlessI_____indoingtheexperiment.A.hadnotgiven;hadnotsucceeded

B.wouldnotgive;succeededC.willnotgive;succeedD.wouldnotgive;willsucceed.AB7.七種特定時(shí)態(tài)(1) 常見(jiàn)的不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),如:lately,recently,just,already,yet,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays,eversince,sincethen,for(during,over,in)thepast…years/months等常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。

Hehasbeeninthelaboverthepasttwoweeks.(2) by,bythetime

表示“在……之前,不遲于……”

常與完成時(shí)連用。Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.ByTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexams.(3).表示“第幾次做某事”或在“Itis/willbethebest(worst,only,mostinteresting)/thefirst(second…)+名詞+that”結(jié)構(gòu)中,that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。若is改用was,則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。This(It)ismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.This(It)isthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.That(It)istheonlybookthathehaswritten.That(It)wasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.(4) Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句,若把is改成was,則since從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。IhavelivedheresinceIcamehere.Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIleftmyhometown.Itwastenyearssincewehadhadsuchawonderfultime.(5) 用于hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than句型中,主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.(6) “祈使句+and/then/or(else)+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,陳述句謂語(yǔ)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.(7)

when(這時(shí)突然)用作并列連詞,前句常用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或beabouttodo,后句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。IwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenIheardsomeonecryingforhelp.Hewasabouttogotobedwhenthetelephonerang.Turnonthetelevisionoropenamagazineandyou_____advertisementsshowinghappyfamilies.A.willoftenseeB.oftenseeC.areoftenseeingD.haveoftenseeing(2)–DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?--No,nosooner____thanithappened.A.hadshegoneB.shehadgoneC.hasshegoneD.shehasgone(3)I_____alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident_______.A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurredC.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurredAAC(4)BythetimeJanegetshome,heraunt_____forLondontoattendameeting.A.willleaveB.leaveC.willhaveleftD.leftC8.不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的幾類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:(P194)(1).感覺(jué)類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:look,smell…(2).情感類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:like,love…(3).心態(tài)類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:wish,hope…(4).表歸屬類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:have,consistof…

高考真題1.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_________it.Wasityou?hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo2.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople________allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.sellB.weresellingC.hadsoldD.havesoldBB3.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts_____causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.isB.areC.hasD.have4.Iamtiredout.I_______allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping5.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe________Englishforayear.(2007)

A.studies

B.studied

C.isstudying

D.hasbeenstudyingCDD6.Whenhe______thedoor,hefoundhiskeyswerenowhere.(2009)A.wouldopen

B.opened

C.hadopened

D.wastoopen7.---Thefoodhereisniceenough.(2008)

---Myfriend______mearightplace.

A.introduces

B.introduced

C.hadintroduced

D.wasintroducing8.IcalledHannamanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother____onthephoneallthetime!A.wastalkingB.hasbeentalkingC.hastalkedD.talkedDBA1.----HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre?----No,I_____myhomeworkalldayyesterday.A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.haddoneD.do2.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou_____safely.A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive3.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune________.A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmadeABC4.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeassheistheonlyoneofthewomenwho____eveningdress.A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn5.Linda,makesurethetables____beforetheguestsarrive.A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting6.Excuseme.I______Iwasblockingyourway.A.didn’trealizeB.don’treali

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