廣東省2022年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-專題十非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

專題十非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞廣東省卷近5年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)情況201720182019202020211.不定式√√√√√2.動(dòng)名詞3.省略to的不定式1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞概念:非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞形式,有不定式todo/be,-ing即doing/being,done/been即過(guò)去分詞三種形式。2.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu):結(jié)構(gòu)示例肯定形式“to+do”(有的不帶to)Heaskedmetoplayfootballwithhim.他叫我和他一起踢足球。(帶to)Isawaboygoacrosstheroadjustnow.我剛才看見有個(gè)男孩過(guò)了馬路。(不帶to)否定形式“nottodo”Theteachertoldmenottobelateagain.老師告訴我不要再遲到。續(xù)表結(jié)構(gòu)示例動(dòng)詞-ing形式Mostpeoplelivinghereareteachers.住在這里的大多數(shù)人是老師。I’mconsideringhavingapicnic.我正在考慮去野餐。過(guò)去分詞Theboynamed/calledTomisfromEngland.這個(gè)名為湯姆的男孩來(lái)自英國(guó)。動(dòng)詞不定式的用法句法作用例句作主語(yǔ)Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy./It’snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)不是一件簡(jiǎn)單的事情。作表語(yǔ)Theimportantthingistofinishtheworkontime.按時(shí)完成工作很重要。作賓語(yǔ)Ihopetotravelallovertheworldoneday.我希望某天可以環(huán)游世界。IfinditdifficulttolearnChinesewell.我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)很難。(it用作形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)在后面)疑問(wèn)詞與不定式連用作賓語(yǔ)Idon’tknowwhattobuyformymother.我不知道給媽媽買什么。作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Lucyaskedhimtoturnofftheradio.露西叫他關(guān)掉收音機(jī)。Thefathermadehissonstudyhard.爸爸讓他的兒子努力學(xué)習(xí)。作定語(yǔ)Wehavealotofhomeworktodoeveryday.我們每天有很多作業(yè)要做。作狀語(yǔ)Icomeheretosaygoodbyetoyou.我來(lái)這里向你告別。后面常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)(hope;wish;want;agree;promise),計(jì)劃提出莫拒絕(plan;offer;refuse),設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定(manage;learn;decide),選擇支付失敗了(choose;afford;fail)后面常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))要求允許提議(ask,allow,advise),期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)(expect,invite,encourage),教導(dǎo)告訴想要(teach,tell,want),等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)(B)1.Motherasksme_______Englisheverymorning.

A.read B.toread C.reading D.notread(C)2.—WhatshouldIdo,doctor?—_______healthy,youshouldtakemoreexercise.

A.Keep B.Keeping C.Tokeep D.Kept(A)3.Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparks_______protectpandas.

A.tohelp B.help C.helped D.helps(A)4.Hetookoffhisexpensivewatch_______thefactthathewasrich.

A.tohide B.hid C.hide D.hidden(A)5.It’snecessaryforus_______Englishwell.

A.tolearn B.learning C.learn D.learnt不定式的省略后接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ)):“一感”(feel)“二聽”(listento,hear)“三讓”(let,make,have)“四看”(lookat,see,watch,notice)“半幫助”(help)Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited!這幅圖片讓我感到激動(dòng)!Theycanhelpyou(to)learnEnglish.他們可以幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。注意:變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),動(dòng)詞原形前要加“to”IsawTomgetintotheteachers’office.(主動(dòng))Tomwasseentogetintotheteachers’office.(被動(dòng))續(xù)表使用帶to的不定式的常用句型Thereisnotimetodo...沒有時(shí)間做……Shesaysthereisnotimetowaste.她說(shuō)沒有時(shí)間可浪費(fèi)了。It’stime(+forsb.)+todo...是做……的時(shí)間了It’stimetohaveaclass/forclass.到上課的時(shí)間了。使用不帶to的不定式的常用句型hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事Youhadbetterstayathome.你最好待在家里。wouldratherdoAthandoB寧愿做A,也不愿做BIwouldratherstayathomethangoouttoplay.我寧愿待在家里也不愿出去玩。prefertodoAratherthandoB寧愿做A也不愿做BHepreferstohaveaclassratherthanhavearest.他寧愿上一節(jié)課,也不愿休息。Whydon’tyou/Whynotdosth.?為什么不做某事?Whydon’tyou/Whynotgoouttoseeafilmwithme?為什么不出去和我一起去看電影呢?Would/Couldyoupleasedosth.?請(qǐng)問(wèn)你能做某事嗎?Would/Couldyoupleasepassmeaglassofwater?你能遞給我一杯水嗎?(B)1.Bettyisn’tathome.Shewasseen_______outjustnow.

A.go B.togo C.went D.gone(C)2.Timeislimited!You’dbetter_______yourtimeanymore.

A.nottowaste B.towaste C.notwaste D.waste(D)3.—ItriedtomakeAlice_______hermindbutIfounditdifficult.

—Well,Isawyou_______thatwhenIwentpast.

A.changed;do B.changes;doing C.change;todo D.change;doing(A)4.Kidslikereadingstorieswhichcanmakethem_______.

A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughing D.laughed動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞的用法句法功能例句作主語(yǔ)Playingchessisfun.下棋是有趣的。作表語(yǔ)Thenurse’sjobislookingafterthepatients.護(hù)士的工作是照顧病人。作賓語(yǔ)Youcan’tleavetheclassroomuntilyoufinishdoingyourhomework.直到做完作業(yè)你才能離開教室。后接動(dòng)詞-ing作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))喜歡不斷提建議(enjoy;keep;suggest);想要介意已完畢(feellike;mind;finish);忍不住考慮練習(xí)(can’thelp;consider;practice);忙于避免推遲(bebusy;avoid;putoff)使用動(dòng)名詞的常用結(jié)構(gòu)havefundoingsth.做某事很開心giveupdoingsth.放棄做某事enjoydoingsth.享受做某事spendtime/moneydoingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事beworthdoingsth.值得做某事haveproblems/troubledoingsth.做某事有困難所有的介詞(in,at,for,of,from,about,to等)后接動(dòng)詞-ingbeusedtodoingsth.習(xí)慣于做某事What/Howaboutdoingsth.?……怎么樣?feellikedoingsth.想要做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.期待做某事begoodatdoingsth.擅長(zhǎng)做某事beinterestedindoingsth.對(duì)做某事感興趣續(xù)表payattentiontodoingsth.注意做某事beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事makeacontributiontodoingsth.為……做貢獻(xiàn)getawayfromdoingsth.逃避做某事stop/prevent/keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事succeedindoingsth.成功做某事【辨析】既可接不定式作賓語(yǔ),又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))continue,start,begin,hate,like,love,prefer接todo或doing作賓語(yǔ),意義差別不大Iprefertoread/readinganovel.我更喜歡讀小說(shuō)。forget,remember,regret接todo:表示不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后Iforgottotellyouaboutit.我忘記告訴你那件事了。(先f(wàn)orget,后tell)接doing:表示動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前IrememberedgivingthebooktoLiLei,buthesaidIdidn’t.我記得我把書給李雷了,但是他說(shuō)我沒有給。(先give,后remember)stop,goon接todosth.表示“停下來(lái)/接著做另一件事”,即去做與原來(lái)不同的一件事Hearingthedoorbell,shestoppedtoopenthedoor.聽見門鈴聲,她停下(手中的活)去開門。接doingsth.表示停止/繼續(xù)做某事,指停止/繼續(xù)手頭的事Hearingthedoorbell,shestoppedwashingthedishes.聽見門鈴聲,她停止洗碗了。meanmeantodo:表示一種意圖,意思是:打算做,想要做Wemeantocallonyoutomorrow.我們打算明天去看望你。meandoing:意味著做Successmeansworkinghard.成功意味著努力工作。trytrytodo:表示一種決心,意思是:設(shè)法做,盡力做I’mtryingtolearnEnglishwell.我盡力學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。trydoing:表示沒有把握,意思是:試著做Itriedopeningthedoor.我試著開了開門。(C)1.Isawher_______flowersinthegardenwhenIpassedby.

A.towater B.water C.watering D.watered(C)2.—Hello,Lucy,pleasegivemesome_______onhowtoimprovemyEnglish!

—You’dbetterkeep_______moreEnglishbooks.

A.advices;read B.advice;read C.advice;reading D.advices;reading(C)3.—Myuncleisagainstwastinganything.—Nowonderhewouldrather_______theoldbikethan_______anewone.

A.repair;tobuy B.torepair;buy C.repair;buy D.torepair;tobuy(D)4.MissChen,mydearEnglishteacher,oftenencouragesme_______thechallengesinmystudy.

A.face B.faces C.facing D.toface(C)5.—Whattimedoyougetupinthemorningonschooldays?—Igetupat7:00everymorningtoavoid_______theearlybus.

A.miss B.missed C.missing D.tomiss(A)6.Westopped_______,buttherewasnotanysound.

A.tolisten B.listens C.listen D.listening(A)7.—Ithinkyoushouldstop_______himinEnglish.

—Isee.Hecan’tunderstandEnglishatall.LetmetryinFrench.A.talkingto B.totalkto C.talkto D.totalkingto過(guò)去分詞1.作定語(yǔ)ThegirlcalledLucywontheEnglishspeechcontest.那個(gè)叫露西的女孩贏了英語(yǔ)演講比賽。2.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常跟過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有:have/get/makeThereissomethingwrongwithmybike.Ihavetogetitrepaired.我的自行車壞了,我得找人修一下。(B)1.Ittookusoneweek_______thisarticle_______byMoYan.

A.read;written B.toread;written C.reading;towrite D.toread;towrite(B)2.Heexplainedagainandagaininordertomakewhathedid_______.

A.understand B.understood C.tounderstand D.understanding(A)3.Smartphones_______byHuaweiaregettingmoreandmorepopulararoundtheworld.

A.made B.making C.tomake D.aremade(C)1.(2020·蘇州中考)Thedoctorsandnursesmanaged_______thelivesofpatients,thoughtheydidn’thaveenoughmedicine.

A.save B.saving C.tosave D.tosaving(A)2.(2020·龍東中考)Weshoulddowhatwecan_______thosepeoplewhentheyareintrouble.

A.tohelp B.helped C.help D.helping(C)3.(2020·瀘州中考)BecauseofCOVID-19inFebruary,thegovernmentadvisedus_______tothepublicplacesless.

A.going B.go C.togo D.gone(A)4.(2020·遂寧中考)It’simportantforus_______ahealthylifestyle.

A.tokeep B.keep C.keeping D.kept(D)5.(2020·銅仁中考)—Look,Kangkang!Thatoldmaniscrossingthecrosswalk.—Jane,let’s_______him.

A.helps B.tohelp C.helping D.help(C)6.(2020·新疆中考)—Whydon’tthedoctorsstop_______lunch?

—Becausetheyarebusy_______apatient.

A.tohave;tosave B.having;saving C.tohave;saving D.having;tosave(C)7.(2020·重慶中考A卷)Theyhope_______thebasketballmatch.

A.win B.won C.towin D.winning(C)8.(2020·自貢中考)—ThemovieTheWanderingEarthiswonderful.Doyoufeellike_______ittonight?

—I’dloveto,butmyparentswon’tletme_______outtoolate.

A.watching;tostay B.towatch;staying C.watching;stay D.towatch;stay(B)9.(2020·大慶中考)—What’snext?—I’llhaveTony_______youaround.

A.toshow B.show C.showed D.shown(A)10.(2020·福建中考)Thetwinbrothersarebusy_______artworksfromoceanwaste.

A.making B.make C.tomake D.made(A)11.(2021·臨沂中考)Duringthe16thcentury,Europesawrichdevelopmentsinscience,medicineandthearts.Peoplehadto“invent”words_______newideas.

A.toexpress B.expresses C.express D.expressed(D)12.(2021·大連中考)Don’tworry.WewillmeetnextMonday_______theprojectagain.

A.discuss B.discussed C.discussing D.todiscuss(D)13.(2021·鹽城中考)LastSeptember,Thunderstormwasshown_______CaoYu,oneofChina’sgreatestplaywrights.

A.remember B.remembering C.remembered D.toremember(A)14.(2021·重慶中考)Peter’smothergetsupearly_______breakfastforhimeverymorning.

A.tomake B.making C.make D.makes(D)15.(2021·達(dá)州中考)—MsGriffin,whatshouldwedo_______stupidmistakesinthecomingexams?

—Bemorecareful.A.avoidmake B.avoidingmakingC.avoidmaking D.toavoidmaking(C)16.(2021·云南中考)Theearthisingreatdangernow.Wehavetodosomething_______it.

A.protect B.protecting C.toprotect D.protected(C)17.(2021·重慶中考)Thevillagersplan_______anewbridgeovertheriver.

A.build B.building C.tobuild D.built(A)18.(2021·遂寧中考)—Myparentsdon’tallowme_______myphoneonschooldays.

—Theyarestrict.Buttheyalwayswantthebestforyou.A.touse B.use C.using D.used(A)19.(2021·昆明中考)Itisnecessarytolearn_______timeandmakegooduseofeveryminute.

A.tomanage B.managing C.tolose D.losing(C)20.(2021·揚(yáng)州中考)Inmanycountries,peopleputtheirfingersuptotheirmouths_______silence.

A.askfor B.askingfor C.toaskfor D.askedfor語(yǔ)法選擇Tonyusedtoworkinacompany.1,hegotseriousheartdisease.Hecouldn’tworkforalongtime.Thinkinghecouldstilldosomethingforothers,hedecidedtobeavolunteerataChildren’sHospital.Tonylooked2thechildrenverywell,andallthechildrenlovedhimdeeply.Ofcourse,withhislovehedidhisjobwell.

Therewasagirl3couldnotwalkbecauseofadisease.Shecouldn’tdoanythingandshewasverysad.Whatwasworse,thedoctorssaidthattheycoulddolittlefor4.Tonydecidedtotrytohelpher.Hestartedvisitingher,bringingpaints,brushesandpaper.Heputthebrushinher