高考英語第二輪查漏補缺 （基礎(chǔ)+提升）專題集訓(xùn)三十九 科普知識型閱讀理解（含解析）

專題限時訓(xùn)練(三十九)[科普知識型閱讀理解(二)](限時：25分鐘)(一)TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld'smostearthquake-prone(有地震傾向的)countriescouldbecomepartofitslong-termenergysolution.WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan'stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.AlthoughJapanesehigh-techcompaniesareleadersingeothermal(地?zé)岬?technologyandexportit,itsuseislimitedinthenation.“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy，”saidYoshiyasuTakefuji,aleadingresearcherofthermal-electricpowerproduction.ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11,2011causedareactionagainstatomicpower,whichpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan'senergyneeds,andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies,whichaccountforonly8percent.ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy,followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan'spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.“Wecan'tevendig10cminsidenationalparks，”saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric,addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,“Producingelectricitybyusinghotspringsisadecades-longproject.Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.”TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington,theUS,believedJapancouldproduce80，000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology,witha70percentmarketshare.In2010,FujiElectricbuilttheworld'slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.1．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AlternativeenergiesinJapanB．Theworld'slargestgeothermalplantC．JapantakestheleadingeothermaltechnologyD．Japan2．WhatpercentageofJapan'senergyneedsisgeothermalenergy?A．About8%.B．Below1%.C．Around30%.D．Over80%.3．AccordingtoShigetoYamada,thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds________．A．a(chǎn)changeofrulesB．financialsupportC．localpeople'shelpD．hightechnology4．Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalong-termprogramby________．A．YoshiyasuTakefujiB．HideakiMatsuiC．ShigetoYamadaD．YokoOno5．Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________．A．theworld'sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmericaB．JapanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnologyC．thepotentialofJapan'sgeothermalenergyisgreatD．itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan(二)Doctorssometimesprescribelighttherapytotreataformofdepressioninpeoplewhogettoolittlemorningsun.Buttoomuchlightatothertimemayactuallycausesuchmooddisorders.Long-lastingexposuretolightatnightbringsdepression,anewstudyfinds,atleastinanimals.Thenewdataconfirmobservationsfromstudiesofpeoplewhoworknightshifts,saysRichardStevensoftheUniversityofInthenewstudy,TracyBedrosianandRandyNelsonofOhioInasecondtest,micewereclockedonhowlongtheyactivelytriedtoescapeapoolofwater.Thoseexposedtonightlightsstoppedstrugglingandjustfloatedinthewater,asignof“behaviouraldespair”，10timesaslongasthemicethathadexperiencednormalnighttimedarkness.Allsymptomsofdepressiondisappearedwithintwoweeksofthemicereturningtoanormallight-darkcycle,theresearchersreport.Thescientistsalsocouldquashthebehaviouralsymptomsbyinjecting(注射)thebrainsofanimalswithadrugthatprohibitstheactivityofcertainmoleculeslinkedwithhumandepression.Thisfindingfurthersuggeststhatlightatnightmaycausesomethingrelatedtodepression.Humanstudieslinkingnighttimelightandmooddisordersareimportantbutcan'teasilydetectmolecularunderpinnings(分子結(jié)構(gòu))asanimalstudiescan，saysGeorgeBrainardofThomasJeffersonUniversity.Thenewwork,hesays,suggeststhatthechangeofthebiologicalclockbylightatnightcanbe“anextremelypowerfulforceinregulatingbiologyandbehaviour”．1．Afterbeingexposedtocontinuousnighttimelight，themice________．A．changedtheirpreferencesB．escapedfromthewatermoreeagerlyC．remainedactiveasbeforeD．showedlessinterestintheirfavourites2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“quash”inPara.4probablymean?A．Study.B．Predict.C．Ease.D．Cause.3．Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat________．A．lightatnightmayhavepracticalvalueB．thebiologicalclockisbeneficialtohumansC．humanmooddisorderscannotbehealedeasilyD．humanstudiesaremoreimportantthananimalstudies4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Nighttimelightmayfosterdepression.B．Adrughasbeenfoundtocuremooddisorders.C．Thestudyonanimalscanbeappliedtohumans.D．Humanbiologicalclockcanbecontrolledbylight.(三)HousedinMilan,oneofEurope'sdirtiestcities,LeonardodaVinci'smasterpieceTheLastSupperstillfacesathreatfromairpollution,researcherssay,despitepreventativemeasuresthathavesignificantlydecreasedpollutantsinthechurchwherethefamouspaintingisondisplay.In2009,Italianauthoritiesinstalledaheating,ventilation(通風(fēng))andair-conditioningsystemtoprotectthepaintingfromMilan'spollutedair.Toseewhetherthesystemcouldimproveairquality,ateamofresearchersledbyConstantinosSioutas,aprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineeringattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,placedtwoair-qualitymonitorsinsidethechurchforayeartocollectsamplesfromaroundpainting.ResultsshowedthelevelsoffineandcoarseAlthoughtheresearchersapplaudedthesuccessfuldecreaseinparticulatesarounddaVinci'spainting,theywarnedthatindoorsourcesofpollutionmaystillposeathreattothepricelesspainting.Fattylipids(油脂)fromtheskinofcustomersinthechurchappearedinsignificantquantitiesaroundthepainting,despitethefactthatvisitorsgettingaccesstotheartworkarestrictlyregulated.Onlyafewvisitorsareallowedinsidethechurchatatime,andtheyenterthebuildingandcanstayforonly15minuteseach.However,fattylipidsfromvisitors'skincancombinewithdustintheairandpollutethepaintingiftheycomeincontactwithit,saysstudyresearcherNancyDaheroftheUniversityofEvenpreviousrestorationsofthepaintingmaypolluteitssurface,Dahersaid.Tinyparticulatesofthewaxappliedduringearlyrepaireffortscanbeemittedfromthepainting,getintotheairandtarnish(使失去光澤)thepaintinginthesamemannerasthefattylipids.Theresearchersnotedthattheirair-sampleanalysiscouldbeusedasapointofreferenceforfuturestudiesaimedatprotectingvaluableartworkandartefacts.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“particulates”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Thesmallestpartsofachemicalsubstance.B．Thingsdirtierthanusual.C．Certaintypesofgas.D．Extremelysmallpiecesofdirt,whichcauseseriouspollution.2．Accordingtothetext,thefollowingfactorspollutethepaintingEXCEPT________．A．fattylipidsfromtheskinB．tinyparticlesofthewaxC．breathofthevisitorsD．dustintheair3．Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheirair-sampleanalysis?A.Theair-sampleanalysiswasgotbygatheringairinthechurchforayear.B．Theair-sampleanalysisshowedthatthepaintingwascompletelyawayfromairpollution.C．Theair-sampleanalysiscanbehelpfulforfuturestudiesprotectingvaluableartwork.D．Theair-sampleanalysisshowedthattheparticulatesarounddaVinci'spaintingweredecreasedsuccessfully.4．Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．HowtodecreaselevelsofparticulateseffectivelyB．Thefamouspainting—daVinci'sTheLastSupperC．KeepingairpollutionfromdamagingdaVinci'sTheLastSupperD．Howtoprotectartworkinhouseholds

專題限時訓(xùn)練(三十九)(一)【要點綜述】文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地?zé)崮?。因為日本是地震多發(fā)國家，國家地?zé)崮芊浅ＸS富，所以地?zé)崮軐⑹侨毡镜男滦吞娲茉础?．D主旨大意題。文章主要講述了日本正在考慮開發(fā)地?zé)崮?，圍繞地?zé)崮艿脑掝}展開。故選D項。2．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第七段“Fornow，geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan，whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.”可知，日本地?zé)崮懿坏?%，主要依賴于化石燃料和原子能。故選B項。3．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從倒數(shù)第四段“…addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.”可知，要開發(fā)地?zé)崮苄枰獙F(xiàn)行的規(guī)章制度進行改變，故選A項。4．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從“ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid，‘Producingelectricitybyusinghotspringsisadecades-longproject…”可知，HideakiMatsui認(rèn)為