2022-2023學(xué)年江西省高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

2022-2023學(xué)年江西省高三（上）期中英語(yǔ)試卷

題號(hào)一―三四五六總分

得分

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用

橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第I卷(選擇題)

一、閱讀理解(本大題共15小題，共30.0分)

A

BigThinkersSeries

The2022BigThinkersSeriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks,coveringawiderange

oftopicsbyworld-classscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryour

universe,thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.

Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkers

Series(availableon-demand)orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13perlecture(availablebyearly

booking).

Reality+：FromtheMatrixtotheMetaversewithDavidChalmers

Inthistalk,philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaverse-stylevirtualworldsexperiencedthrough

headsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwecanliveameaningfullifeinVR.

Whatwedon'tknowaboutgravitywithClaudiadeRham

Weareallfamiliarwiththeconceptofgravity.Inthistalk,ProfessorClaudiadeRhamwillexplorehow

muchweactuallyknowaboutgravityandhowmuchmorethereislefttouncover.

ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel

FromStonehengetoatomicclocks,hereisthe5,000-yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomark

time.ChadOrzel,theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog,

offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky（反常的）historicaldetail.

PhysicsattheEndoftheuniversewithKatieMack

TheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverseforthelast13.8billionyears.Buthow

doesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackassheshareswhatmodernastrophysicstellsusaboutthe

finalfateoftheuniverse.

1.owmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?

A.￡13.B.￡20.C.￡30.D.￡32.

2.WhatwillChadOrzellecturein?

A.Thegenuinereality.B.Thesecretsofgravity.

C.Thehistoryoftimemarking.D.Thefinalfateoftheuniverse.

3.Whatdothefourtalkshaveincommon?

A.Theyareallaimedatsciencelovers.

B.Theyareallconcernedwithgravity.

C.Theywillallbegivenbybestsellingauthors.

D.Theywillallbegivenbyexcellentphysicians.

B

EdwardO.WilsonwhodiedonDec.26,2021attheageof92,wasanextraordinaryscholarineverysense

oftheword.BythetimeImethimin1982,he'dmadegreatcontributionstoscience.Forexample,he

discoveredthechemicalmeansbywhichantscommunicate.Heworkedouttheimportanceofthehabitat

sizeandpositioninprotectinganimals.

In1982Icautiouslysatdownnexttothegreatmanduringabreakatasmallconferenceonsocial

insects.Heturned,extendedhishandandsaid,"Hi,I'mEdWilson.Idon'tbelievewe'vemet."Thenwe

talkeduntilitwastimetogetbacktothemeeting.ThreehourslaterIapproachedhimagain.Heturned,

extendedhishandandsaid,"Hi,I'mEdWilson.Idon'tbelievewe'vemet”

Wilsonforgotmebutremainedfriendly.Iwasfreshoutofgraduateschool,whileWilsonwasalreadyvery

famous.Yethedidn'thesitatetoextendhishandtome,notoncebuttwice.

MyworkstudyingnativeplantsandinsectswasinspiredbyWilson'sdescriptionsofbiodiversity.His1992

book,TheDiversityofLife,becamethebasisforaneventualturninmycareerpath.Throughouthiscareer

Wilsoncommunicatedtheurgentneedtopreservethenaturalworld.AsIseeit,theonlywaytorealize

Wilson'slifelongwishistoburytheideathathumansarehereandnatureissomeplaceelse.Providinga

practicalplanforprotectingtheearthhasbeenmygoalforthelast20years,andI'mhonoredthatitmixes

withWilson'sthought.

4.WhendidtheauthormeetWilsonforthefirsttime?

A.Whentheauthorwasdoingbusiness

B.Whentheauthorwasingraduateschool

C.Whentheauthorattendedasmallconference

D.Whentheauthorwasstudyingnativeplants.

5.WhatdidtheauthorprobablythinkofWilsonaftertheymet?

A.Clever.B.Determined.C.Creative.D.Kind.

6.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?

A.HeregularlyhaddiscussionswithWilson.

B.HisresearchwasinfluencedbyWilson.

C.HewroteabookundertheguidanceofWilson.

D.HisopinionaboutnaturewasdifferentfromWilson's.

7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkthewaytorealizeWilson'slifelongwishis?

A.Stayingawayfromnature.

B.Learningtocoexistwithnature.

C.Conductingfutureresearch.

D.Learningaboutallkindsofanimals

c

There'snothingwrongwithatomatothatisn'tperfectlyroundedorapeachwithanextradimple（淺凹）

ortwo；theystillcarrythesamebenefitsandflavorsastheversionswe'reusedtoseeingingrocery

stores.Farmersconventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,asmanygrocerychainswon'tbuythem

forfearthattheyareunsellable.However,agrowinggroupofgrocerychainsarefightingtomakethese

desertedfruitsandvegetablespartofconsumers'buyinghabits.

OnesuchbusinessisImperfectProduce,astart-upthatdeliversfreshuglyproducetoconsumers.Through

thisservice,youcangetupto20poundsoffruitandveggiesforaround$20aweek.Thisisabouta30

percentdiscountcomparedtowhatscurrentlysoldinstores.Recently,thecompanyhadamajor

breakthroughwhenWholeFoodsacceptedtheirpartnershipandagreedtosellthemisshapen（畸形的）

produce.

WhilethismovementmightbeanewtrendhereintheUS,it'salreadygainedseriousmomentum（勢(shì)

頭）inEurope.In2014,theE.U.announcedtheYearAgainstFoodWaste,withFrenchgrocerychain

IntermarchelaunchingaverysuccessfulcampaigncalledIngloriousFruitsandVegetablesandEngland's

Waitrosesellingweatherblemishedapples.InPortugal,asimilarcompanytoImperfectProducecalled

FrutaFeiahasalsotakenoff.

Buyingtheseunfortunate-lookingfoodsshouldbeappealingtoconsumersnotonlybecauseofthe

affordability,butalsobecauseofthesupportitgivestofarmersandthedirectimpactithasondecreasing

foodwasteandtheenvironmentalpollution.ltisbelievedthatwhenthediscardedfruitsandvegetables

decomposetheyreleasemethane,agreenhousegasthat,whenreleasedintotheatmosphere,isabout86

timesaspowerfulascarbondioxideovera20-yearperiod.Wasteis,infact,theugliestthingofall.

8.Whatdofarmersdowithimperfectfruitsandvegetablestraditionally?

A.Throwthemaway.B.Tunthemintofertilizer.

C.Donatethemtocharity.D.Storethemforthewinter.

9.WhatisthepurposeofImperfectProduce?

A.Tomakebetterprofits.B.Tosellimperfectproduce.

C.Togetdiscountsfromfarmers.D.TocompetewithWholeFoods.

10.WhatcanwelearnaboutEuropecomparedwiththeUS?

A.Ithasmoresuccessfully-runfoodchains.

B.Itproduceslessmisshapenfruitsandvegetables.

C.Itaddressestheproblemofmisshapenproduceearlier.

D.Itfacesamoreseriousproblemofunfavorableweather.

11.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whyiswastedfoodharmfultotheenvironment?

A.Itpollutesthefarms.

B.Itgivesoutabadsmell.

C.Itcontributestoglobalwarming.

D.Itproduceslotsofcarbondioxide.

D

Youdon'tneedtobeanexperttorecognizelunamoths（蠶蛾）.Theyhavehairywhitebodies,redlegs

andhugegreenwingsthatstretchupto4.5inchesacross.Andattheendoftheirwingsareapairoflong

tailsthathaveattractedscientistsforcenturies.

Someofthemtheorizedthatitwaspossiblethatfemalemothsjudgedthehealthandqualityofamaleby

thesizeofhistails.Butitturnedoutthatfemalemothswerenotchoosyatall.Theyjusthadsexwiththe

firstmalestheycouldfind.Othersbelievedthatthetailscouldincreaselunamoths*sizetomakethem

harderforthebats—themainenemyoflunamoths—tohandle.Butthetheoryprovedwrongin1903when

ascientistnamedArchibaldWeeksputbatsagainstabiggerspeciesofmothsthatlackedtails.Hefound

thatthebatskilled66%oftheirtargets.Lunamoths,despitebeingsmaller,werehardertocatch."Clearly,

theirtailsprovidedananti-batadvantage,"Weeksobserved."!thinktheywereusedtodirectbatsaway

fromthemoths*body."

Hewasroughlyright.Morethanacenturylater,JesseBarberfromBoiseStateUniversityputlunamoths

againstbatsinadarkroomandfilmedthehunting.Undernormalcircumstances,thebatsonlymanagedto

catch35%ofthelunamoths.ButifBarbercutofftheirtailsbeforehand,thebatscaught81%ofthem.That

wasnotbecausethemothsbecameworsefliers-infact,cuttingthetroublesometailsseemedtohave

improvedtheirflyingabilities.

Barberexplainedthatbatswerenotvisualhunters.Theyfoundtheirfoodwithaspecialsound.Tobe

protectedfrombats,lunamothsneededsomethingthatmadeconfusingsounds.Thatwaswhattheluna

moths'tailsdid：Astheyflew,theywavedbehindthemandproducedsoundsthatweresimilartotheir

wingbeats.Tobats,eithersoundedlikeahugepartoftheirtarget,orlikeanentirelydifferenttarget.As

aresult,theyaimedabouthalftheirattacksatthetails.

12.WhatisArchibaldWeeks'importantcontribution?

A.Hefoundthatbatsarethemainenemyoflunamoths.

B.Hetheorizedthatlunamothsusetheirtailstoconfusebats.

C.Heprovedthatlunamoths'sizeisimportantfortheirsurvival.

D.Heobservedthatfemalemothsprefermalemothswithlongertails.

13.WhatcanbelearnedaboutbatsfromJesseBarber'sconclusion?

A.Theyarenotvisualhunters.

B.Theyusuallyhuntintheday.

C.Theylikebiggerspeciesofmoths.

D.Theycanflyfurtherthanlunamoths.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordntheyninthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Bats.B.Wings.C.Lunamoths.D.Tailbeats.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhoIsRightAboutLunaMothsTails,BarberorWeeks?

B.HowDoBatsUseTheirSpecialSoundstoSearchforFood?

C.WhyDoLunaMothsHaveSuchTroublesomeLongTails?

D.WhatAretheDisadvantagesforLunaMothstoHaveLongTails?

二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）

Maybeyouarefearfulofmissingyourholidaysduetolongwaitsfornewpassports.⑴.

Checkyourpassporttoseewhenitwasissued

uAftertraveltookapauseformanyholidaymakersduringthepandemic,plentyofpassportsneedtobe

renewed.Tobeatanydisappointmentsforyoursummervacations,you'llwanttomakesurethatithasbeen

nomorethantenyearssinceyourpassportwasissued,"Naveensays."⑵，includingpopulartravel

spotssuchasEgypt,Thailand,andDubai.

QL

"I'drecommendthoroughlycheckingyourapplicationbeforeyousenditoff.Manydelaysaremade

throughtypicalerrors-suchasincorrectphotosortypos-whichcanworsenyourchancesofreceivinga

passportintimeforasummertrip,"hecontinues.

Gofordigitalratherthanpaper

Naveenadvises,"Therearemanyvariables（變數(shù)）thatgointohowlongitwilltaketogetyourpassport

renewed-fromafirst-timepassporttoachild'srenewal.Whenitcomestothemethodofhowyouapply,

digitalapplicationsgenerallytakeashortamountoftimeaspartsoftheapplicationarelesslikelytoget

lost,plustheonlineprocesswillbemoreefficient.（4）.

Makeanappointmentinpersonoroverthephone

uWiththecuiTentdemandfortravelinrecentmonths,eventhefast-trackservicesforpassportrenewalare

becomingoverwhelmedsothereisnoquickfix(捷徑)toreceivingyourpassportontime,“hesays.'*

(5).Alternatively,looktobookanappointmenttooneofthevariouspassportcentersacrossthecountry

thatwayyoucanspeeduptheprocessinpersonandhavesomeoneonhandshouldtherebeanyerrors."

A.Ensureyourdetailsarecorrect

B.Admityourinformationofpassportsisright

C.Manypeopledon'tlikethestressfullifeandwanttotravel

D.Keepthisinmindifyoudon'twanttoendupbeingstuckinthewaitingline

E.Naveen,founderofNextVacay,hasissuedfourtipstospeedupthepassportprocess

F.Youalsoneedtheminimumofthreeorsixmonthstogainentryintomanydestinations

G.However,ifyouaretravelingforanemergency,youmaybeabletoacceleratetheprocess

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共20小題，共30.0分)

TwelveyearsagoIdecidedtochangemyjobfromanEnglishasaSecondLanguageteachertosimply

workingatadepartmentstorechildcareroom,basicallyforbetterhoursandbenefits.My(21)were

preschoolers.Tomy(22),manyofthese2-4yearoldchildren(23)noEnglishatallbecauseshoppersat

thestorewerefamiliesofemployeesataninternationalcompanywithheadquartersnearby.How(24)I

foundmyselfteachingEnglishtopreschoolers!Twoexperienceswereunforgettably(25)forme一they

camefromacoupleoflittlegirls.

Onechildwasabout3years-oldwhenshe(26)intheplayroom.Shewas(27),havingrecentlycomefrom

Mexicoand(28)onlySpanish.However,1knewsomeSpanish,sowe(29)timeplayingtogetherwhileshe

(30)toEnglish-speakingchildrenaroundher.Eventuallyshe(31)alocalpreschoolandbecame(32)in

English.Onedayshecametotheplayroomand(33)saidtome,"Teacher,rememberwhenIcalledyou

'maestra*?"Herbrighteyeswerefilledwith(34)!

Theotherchildwasalso3years-oldwhenshecametothe(35)thatwasfilledwithblocks,crayonsand

paper,teasets,etc.Shehadno(36)inthetownbecauseherfamilyhadjustmovedfromanother(37).She

wenttopreschoollateron,also,andshowedhergreat(38)inspeakingEnglishJThenoneday-aftera

longtimeaway,,shecameintotheplayroomandsaidtome,"Let'splayblocks!"Allourplaywas(39)

withpleasureandlearningandweplayedtogethercheerfully.FromthesechildrenIlearnedtoletextreme

discomfortandthemassiveneedfor(40)becomeaspringboardforjoyandgrowth.

21.A.bossesB.chargesC.aimsD.workmates

22.A.satisfactionB.regretC.excitementD.surprise

23.A.encounteredB.likedC.improvedD.lacked

24.A.delightfulB.encouragingC.incredibleD.lucky

25.A.annoyingB.worryingC.disappointingD.moving

26.A.turnedupB.leftoffC.playedbyD.lookedaround

27.A.activeB.braveC.nervousD.clever

28.A.missingB.speakingC.wantingD.ignoring

29.A.enjoyedB.wastedC.desiredD.valued

30.A.walkedB.wavedC.signedD.listened

31.A.calledonB.livedby

C.participatedinD.setup

32.A.brokenB.fluentC.trappedD.poor

33.A.sweetlyB.nervouslyC.hurriedlyD.slowly

34.A.sadnessB.hatredC.confidenceD.complaint

35.A.shopB.playroomC.yardD.centre

36.A.relativesB.teachersC.neighboursD.friends

37.A.stateB.schoolC.classroomD.street

38.A.discomfortB.conveniencesC.giftsD.shortage

39.A.changedB.connectedC.misunderstoodD.removed

40.A.pleasureB.concernC.noticeD.learning

第H卷(非選擇題)

四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

41.TheTVseries,ALifelongJourney,(1)(earn)widespreadapplause,becomingthe

most-watchedTVseriesonStatebroadcasterChinaMediaGroupinthepastfiveyears.

ALifelongJourney,(2)(consist)of58episodes,isadaptedfromfamouswriterLiangXiaosheng's

novelofthesamenamewhichwonthe10thMaoDunLiteraturePrize,oneofthecountry'stop

honorsforlocalwriters,Startingin(3)late1960s,thestoryfollowstheupsanddownsofthree

childreninaworking-classfamilyinnortheasternChina,strikingachord(和弦)withviewersfor

itsdetails(4)(vivid)bringingthembacktooldtimes.First(5)(publish)inDecember2017,

thenovelshowsawiderangeofChinesepeoplefromdifferent⑹(walk)oflife,fromconstructors

tostart-upfounders,toexaminethehugeinfluencebroughtbythechangesofChinesesociety.Tie

Ning,chairwomanoftheChinaWriters1Association,saidthegreat(7)(popular)oftheTVseries,

ALifelongJourney,illustratesthe“closebondu(8)literatureandtelevision.

"Whiletakingalookathistory,wecouldseethemutual(相互的)influenceofliterature,filmand

televisiontoboostandinspireeachother,(9)hasconnectedwritersandfilmmakersclosely."

sheadded.WithpopularTVseriesormovies,thestoriesthathaveinspiredsuchscreenworkswillsee

theirinfluencegroweven(10)(far).

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、短文改錯(cuò)(本大題共1小題，共10.0分)

42.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共

有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除成修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（A）,并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：

1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞：

2.只允許修改10處、多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。

Theweatherhasbeenlikelatesummerthisweek,eventhoughitisNovember.Ihavecaughtchance

andwalkedeverymorning.Afterthat,Itendtorewardmewithacupofcoffeefromthecafewherever

Iusedtomeetmyoldfriends.Duringthisdifficultytime,everyoneseemstobeingrunningshortof

money.Yesterday,Ilakeabagofcoinswithmeandpaidwithexactchanges.Iexchangedthe

remainderofmycoinswithpapermoney.Theclerkwasverymuchhappytooffermepapermoney

andsaidthattheycouldalwaysusecoins,nomatterhowsmalltheamountwas.Heardwhatshesaid,

Ifeltreallygratefulanddelighted.

六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）

43.上周六，你校組織學(xué)生到世紀(jì)公園參加植樹活動(dòng)。假定你是學(xué)校英語(yǔ)報(bào)記者，請(qǐng)以A

MeaningfulActivity為題，寫一篇報(bào)道，內(nèi)容包括：（1）活動(dòng)目的；（2）活動(dòng)過(guò)程；（3）

活動(dòng)意義。

注意：

（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

AMeaningfulActivity

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】D、C、A

【解析】（1）數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二段

Save￡20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSe

ries（availableon-demand）orpurchasesingleticketsforjust￡13perlecture（availablebyearlyboo

king）.（購(gòu)買“大思想家”系列所有四場(chǎng)演講的系列票（可按需購(gòu)買）或購(gòu)買單場(chǎng)票價(jià)僅為13英鎊

（可提前預(yù)訂），可以節(jié)省標(biāo)準(zhǔn)票價(jià)20英鎊）可知，單場(chǎng)的票價(jià)是13英鎊，購(gòu)買一個(gè)系列可以

節(jié)約20英鎊，因此買一個(gè)系列的票價(jià)為：4x13-20=32（英鎊）。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ABriefHistoryofTimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分的

FromStonehengetoatomicclocks,hereisthe5,

000-yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel,

theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog,

offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky（反常的）historicaldetail.（從巨石陣到

原子鐘，這是5000年來(lái)科學(xué)如何用來(lái)標(biāo)記時(shí)間的歷史。ChadOrzel是國(guó)際暢銷書《如何教你的狗

量子物理》的作者，他通過(guò)科學(xué)理論和離奇的歷史細(xì)節(jié)為我們提供了一段詼諧的旅程）可知，查

德?奧澤爾將用時(shí)間標(biāo)記的歷史來(lái)進(jìn)行演講。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse,

thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.（如果你對(duì)你的星球或宇宙感到好奇，那么這

個(gè)系列是你聽到最新研究的地方）可知，這四個(gè)講座的共同之處是它們都是針對(duì)科學(xué)愛好者。故

選Ao

這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告，介紹《新科學(xué)家》舉辦的2022年大思想家系列活動(dòng)的四場(chǎng)在

線講座。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)

句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。

4~7.【答案】C、D、B、B

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中BythetimeImethimin1982,he'dmadegreatcontributions

toscience.（1982年我見到他時(shí)，他對(duì)科學(xué)做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。）以及第二段中的In1982Icautiously

satdownnexttothegreatmanduringabreakatasmallconferenceonsocialinsects.（1982年，我在

一次關(guān)于社交昆蟲的小型會(huì)議上休息時(shí)，小心翼翼地坐在這位偉人旁邊。）可知，作者第一次見

到威爾遜的時(shí)候，是在一次小型會(huì)議的休息時(shí)間。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Wilsonforgotmebutremainedfriendly.Iwasfreshoutofgraduate

school,whileWilsonwasalreadyveryfamous.Yethedidn'thesitatetoextendhishandtome,notonce

buttwice.（威爾遜忘記了我，但仍然很友好。我剛從研究生院畢業(yè)，而威爾遜已經(jīng)很有名了。但

他毫不猶豫地向我伸出了手，不是一次而是兩次。）可知，威爾遜對(duì)于剛從研究生院畢業(yè)的作者

是友好的，所以作者認(rèn)為他是友善的。A.Clever.聰明的；B.Determined.堅(jiān)定的；C.Creative.

有創(chuàng)意的；D.Kind.友善的。故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Myworkstudyingnativeplantsandinsectswasinspiredby

Wilson'sdescriptionsofbiodiversity.His1992book,TheDiversityofLife,becamethebasisforan

eventualturninmycareerpath.（我研究本地植物和昆蟲的工作受到威爾遜對(duì)生物多樣性的描述的

啟發(fā)。他1992年出版的著作《生活的多樣性》成為我職業(yè)生涯最終轉(zhuǎn)折的基礎(chǔ)。）可知，威爾遜

的生物多樣性的描述對(duì)我的研究是有啟發(fā)的。故選B。

（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的AsIseeit,theonlywaytorealizeWilson'slifelongwishistobury

theideathathumansarehereandnatureissomeplaceelse.（在我看來(lái)，實(shí)現(xiàn)威爾遜畢生愿望的唯一

方法就是要把人類在這里，自然在別處的隔閡消除。）可知，實(shí)現(xiàn)威爾遜的畢生愿望的方式就是

使人類和自然和平共處.故選B。

本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者與學(xué)者威爾遜先生相處時(shí)的經(jīng)歷及威爾遜對(duì)作者的影響。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)

未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

8~11.【答案】A、B、C、C

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Farmersconventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,

asmanygrocerychainswon'tbuythemforfearthattheyareunsellable.（農(nóng)民通常會(huì)扔掉這些不完美

的物品，因?yàn)樵S多雜貨連鎖店不會(huì)購(gòu)買它們，因?yàn)閾?dān)心它們賣不出去）可知，傳統(tǒng)上，農(nóng)民處理

不完美的水果和蔬菜的方法是把它們?nèi)拥簟９蔬xA。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Farmersconventionallythrowawaytheseimperfectitems,asmany

grocerychainswon'tbuythemforfearthaltheyareunsellable.（農(nóng)民通常會(huì)扔掉這些不完美的物品，

因?yàn)樵S多雜貨連鎖店不會(huì)購(gòu)買它們，因?yàn)閾?dān)心它們賣不出去）及第二段Onesuchbusinessis

ImperfectProduce,astart-upthatdeliversfreshuglyproducetoconsumers.（其中一家公司是Imperfect

Produce,這是一家向消費(fèi)者提供新鮮丑陋農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的初創(chuàng)公司）可知，ImperfeetProduce的目的是

向消費(fèi)者售賣新鮮不完美的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。故選B。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段WhilethismovementmightbeanewtrendhereintheUS,it'salready

gainedseriousmomentum（勢(shì)頭）inEurope.（雖然這一運(yùn)動(dòng)在美國(guó)可能是一種新的趨勢(shì)，但它

已經(jīng)在歐洲獲得了很大的勢(shì)頭）可推知，與美國(guó)相比，我們了解到歐洲解決了早期生產(chǎn)的不完美

的問(wèn)題。故選C。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Itisbelievedthatwhenthediscardedfruitsandvegetablesdecompose

theyreleasemethane,agreenhousegasthat,whenreleasedintotheatmosphere,isabout86timesas

powerfulascarbondioxideovera20-yearperiod.（人們認(rèn)為當(dāng)丟棄的水果和蔬菜分解時(shí)，它們會(huì)釋

放出甲烷，這是一種溫室氣體，當(dāng)釋放到大氣中時(shí)，在20年內(nèi)的威力約為二氧化碳的86倍。）

可知，根據(jù)最后一段，導(dǎo)致全球變暖是浪費(fèi)的食物對(duì)環(huán)境的危害。故選C。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品銷售企業(yè)為了讓長(zhǎng)相丑陋的蔬菜和水果進(jìn)入銷售渠道所做

的努力以及這樣做的意義。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息和邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容

作出合理的推斷；或歸納作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)

確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

12~15.【答案】B、A、C、C

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Butthetheoryprovedwrongin1903whena

scientistnamedArchibaldWeeksputbatsagainstabiggerspeciesofmothsthatlackedtails.Hefoundth

atthebatskilled66%oftheirtargets.Lunamoths,despitebeingsmaller,werehardertocatch."Clearly,

theirtailsprovidedananti-batadvantage,"Weeksobserved."!thinktheywereusedtodirectbatsaway

fromthemoths'body."（但1903年，當(dāng)一位名叫ArchibaldWeeks的科學(xué)家將蝙蝠與一種更大的沒(méi)

有尾巴的飛蛾進(jìn)行對(duì)抗時(shí)，這個(gè)理論被證明是錯(cuò)誤的。他發(fā)現(xiàn)蝙蝠殺死了66%的目標(biāo)。月蛾盡管

體型較小，卻更難捕捉。"很明顯，它們的尾巴提供了抗蝙蝠的優(yōu)勢(shì)，”威克斯觀察到?！蔽艺J(rèn)為它

們被用來(lái)引導(dǎo)蝙蝠遠(yuǎn)離飛蛾的身體。"）可知，ArchibaldWeeks的重要貢獻(xiàn)是他認(rèn)為月蛾用尾巴迷

惑蝙蝠，尾巴為它提供了對(duì)抗蝙蝠的優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段開頭

Barberexplainedthatbatswerenotvisualhunters.Theyfoundtheirfoodwithaspecialsound.（巴伯解

釋說(shuō)，蝙蝠不是視覺(jué)上的獵手。它們用一種特殊的聲音找到食物。）可知，蝙蝠不是視覺(jué)上的獵

手。故選Ao

（3）代詞指代題。根據(jù)最后一段中Tobeprotectedfrombats,

lunamothsneededsomethingthatmadeconfusingsounds.Thatwaswhatthelunamoths'tailsdid：

Astheyflew,theywavedbehindthemandproducedsoundsthatweresimilartotheirwing

beats.Tobats,___eithersoundedlikeahugepartoftheirtarget,orlikeanentirelydifferenttarget.（為

了免受蝙蝠的傷害，月蛾需要能發(fā)出令人迷惑的聲音的東西。這就是月蛾的尾巴所做的：當(dāng)它們

飛行時(shí)，它們?cè)谏砗髷[動(dòng)，并發(fā)出類似于翅膀拍動(dòng)的聲音。對(duì)蝙蝠來(lái)說(shuō)，它們要么聽起來(lái)像目標(biāo)

的很大一部分，要么像一個(gè)完全不同的目標(biāo)。）可知，劃線部分的單詞they指代的是前文提到的

lunamothso故選C。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了科學(xué)家們對(duì)一種叫作月娥的生物的尾巴的研究，解

釋了月娥的尾巴在對(duì)抗蝙蝠時(shí)的作用。C選項(xiàng)

WhyDoLunaMothsHaveSuchTroublesomeLongTails?（為什么月蛾有這么麻煩的長(zhǎng)尾巴？）適

合作本文標(biāo)題。故選C。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家們對(duì)一種叫作月娥的生物的尾巴的研究，解釋了月娥的尾

巴在對(duì)抗蝙蝠時(shí)的作用.

做這類題材的閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章先通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相

關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理地分

析，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。

16~20.【答案】E、F、A、D、G

【解析】（1）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文

Maybeyouarefearfulofmissingyourholidaysduetolongwaitsfornewpassports.（也許你擔(dān)心由于

長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等待新護(hù)照而錯(cuò)過(guò)假期。）可知"提起“加快辦理護(hù)照“這個(gè)話題，因此E.Naveen,

founderofNextVacay,hasissuedfourtipstospeedupthepassportprocess（Naveen是NextVacay的

創(chuàng)始人，他提出了四條建議來(lái)加快辦理護(hù)照的速度），符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。

（2）聯(lián)系下文題。根據(jù)下文includingpopulartravelspotssuchasEgypt,Thailand,andDubai.（包

括埃及、泰國(guó)和迪拜等熱門旅游景點(diǎn)。）可知此處說(shuō)明的是和目的地相關(guān)的情況，因此

F.Youalsoneedtheminimumofthreeorsixmonthstogainentryintomanydestinations（你還需要至

少三到六個(gè)月的時(shí)間才能進(jìn)入許多目的地），與下文一致，故選F。

（3）段落主題題。根據(jù)下文I'drecommendthoroughlycheckingyourapplicationbeforeyousenditoff.

（我建議你在發(fā)送之前徹底檢查你的申請(qǐng)。）可知本段講述了確保信息無(wú)誤的問(wèn)題，因此

A.Ensureyourdetailsarecorrect（確保你的詳細(xì)信息正確無(wú)誤）,概括了本段大意，故