2022年河北大學英語考試真題卷11測

2022年河北大學英語考試真題卷

（本卷共分為1大題50小題，作答時間為180分鐘，總分100分，60分及格。）

單位：姓名：考號：

題號單選題多項選擇判斷題綜合題總分

分值

得分

一、單項選擇題(共50題，每題2分。每題的備選項中，只有一個最符合題意)

1.{{B}}Passage37{{/B}}

Whydon'tbirdsgetIostontheirIongfIightsfromonepIacetoanother

ScientistshavebeenpuzzIedoverthisquestionformanyyears.Nowthey'

rebeginningtofillintheblanks.

Notlongago,experimentsshowedthatbirdsrelyonthesuntoguide

themduringdayIighthours.Butwhataboutbirdsthatflybynight(37)

{{U}}Testswithartificialstarshaveprovedthatcertainnight-flying

birdsareabIetofoIIowthestarsintheirIong-distancefIights.{{/U}}

AdovehadspentitsIifetimeinacageandhadneverflownundera

naturalsky.YetitshowedaninbornabiIitytousethestarsforguidance.

Thebird'scagewaspIacedunderanartificialstar-fiIledsky.Thebird

triedtoflyinthesamedirectionasthattakenbyhisoutdoorcousins.

Anychangeinthepositionoftheartificialstarscausedachangein

thedirectionofhisflight.

Thestarsareapparentlytheirprincipalmeansofnavigation.When

thestarsarehiddenbyclouds,theyseeminglyfindtheirwaybysuch

landmarksasmountainranges,coastIinestandrivercourses.Butwhen

it'stoodarktoseethese,thedovescirclehelplessly,unabIetofind

theirway.

By"hisoutdoorcousins1'theauthormeans.

A.otherexperiments

B.theotherdovesofthesamebrood

C.dovesunderthenaturalsky

D.otherbirdsingeneral

2.{{B}}Passage36{{/B}}

Themarketisaconcept.Ifyouaregrowingtomatoesinyourbackyard

forsaleyouareproducingforthemarket.YoumightseiIsometoyour

neighborandsometothemanagerofthelocalsupermarket.Butineither

case,youareproducingforthemarket.Youreffortsarebeingdirected

bythemarket.IfpeopIestopbuyingtomatoes,youwi11stopproducing

them.

Ifyoutakecareofasickpersontoearnmoney,youareproducing

forthemarket.(36){{U}}IfyourfatherisasteeIworkeroratruckdriver

oradoctororagrocer,heisproducinggoodsorserviceforthe

market.{{/U}}

Whenyouspendyourincome,youarebuyingthingsfromthemarket.

Youmayspendmoneyinstores,supermarkets,gasstationsandrestaurants.

Stillyouarebuyingfromthemarket.Whenthelocalgrocerhiresyou

todrivethedeliverytruck,heisbuyingyourlaborinthelabormarket.

Themarketmayseemtobesomethingabstract.Butforeachpersonor

businessmanwhoismakingandsellingsomething,it'svery

{{U}}real{{/U}}?Ifnobodybuysyourtomatoes,itwon5tbelongbefore

yougetthemessage.Themarketistellingyousomething.It5stelling

youthatyouareusingenergiesandresourcesindoingsomethingthe

marketdoesn,twantyoutodo.

Inwhatwayisthemarketveryrealforeachpersonorbusinessmanwho

ismakingandsellingsomething

A.Ittellsyouwhattoproduce.

B.Ittellsyouhowtogrowtomatoes.

C.Itprovidesyouwitheverythingyouneed.

D.Ithelpsyousavemoney.

3.{{B}}Passage38{{/B}}

Animalsdomanyusefulandentertainingjobs.(38){{U}}Dogsare

particularlyvaluabIeinguidingtheblind(atraineddogcanIearnnever

tocrossabusystreetwhencarsarecoming,evenifhismastercommands

himtodoso),protectingproperty,findinglostpeople,andhunting

criminals.{{/U}}Horsesareusedinguardingherds,carryingmeninlands

wheretherearenoroads,andhelpingfarmersplowfields.Pigeonshave

longbeenusedtocarrymessage.WiIdanimalsfromthejungles,forests

andseasareverypopularperformersincireusesandmovies.PeopIe

reaIizethat,aIthoughanimalsmaynothavethesameinteIIigenceashuman

beings,theyaresmartenoughtolearncertainthings.

Thefirstthingadogistaughtistoobey.Itshouldnottaketoo

longforhimtolearncommands.Simpleorders,suchas"sit,Iiedown,

staythere,comehere"canevenbetaughtbyachiId.

Trainingadogtobeawatchdogoftenproducesunexpectedresults.

SomedogsquicklylearnthedifferencebetweenunwantedpeopIeand

friends.ThisisbecausetheirmastersweIcomefriendsandinvitethem

intotheirhouses.However,somedogswiIIalwaysattackthepostmenwho

cometodeliverletters.Oneexplanationforthisbehavioristhat,

aIthoughthepostmancomestothehousefrequently,heneverentersthe

house.Therefore,thedogthinksthepostmanissomeonewhoisnotwanted,

butkeepscomingbackanyway.

Mastersofdogswhoattackpostmencaneasilyshowthedogsthatthe

postmanisafriendandthedogdoesnotneedtotreathimasanunwanted

person.Adogisquitereadytodowhathismasterwishes.Andadogis

alwayshappywhenheispraisedforproperunderstanding.

Adogfeelsthehappiestif,afterhehasworkedwell,.

A.hegetsagoodpieceofmeat

B.hegetspraisefromhismaster

C.heisallowedtobebyhimself

D.heistakenforawalkintheevening

4.{{B}}Passage39{{/B}}

ManypeopIehavedifficultyinstudyingmathematics.Sometimestheir

difficultystemsfromthepsychologicalideathattheyare"notgoodat

math”.(39){{U}}Ithasbeendemonstratedthatmanytimesthatitisoften

thisideathatiscausingtheirproblemsratherthananylackofskill

inmathematics.{{/U}}ThebestwaytodealwiththisproblemistotelI

yourselfthatmathinvoIvesusingthesamenumbersyouhavebeenusing

alIyourIifeandthatyouknowthemasweIIasanyoneelse.Thenset

yourmindtolearninghowtheyareusedintheparticularpartof

mathematicsyouarestudying.ManyschooIsoffer"mathanxiety"courses

whicharedesignedtohelppeopIeovercometheirfearofmath.

AnotherproblemmanypeopIeencounteristhatinmathematics,unlike

someothersubjectsyoumayhavestudied,thematerialhasavery

importantsequenceororder.Ifyoudonotunderstandasectionof

mathematicstext,itisnousegoingontothenextsection.Manysections

ofmathbooksarebasedoninformationpresentedearIier,soitis

essentialthatyouunderstandasectionbeforegoingontothenext.

Sometimesstudentsinmathematicscoursesdonotreadthewritten

materialinthetextbutassumethattheinstructorwiIItelIthemwhat

theyneedtoknow.Thiscancausethemseriousproblems,sincemany

instructorsassumethatstudentshavereadthetextbeforecomingtoclass.

ThewrittensectionsofmathematicstextbookscontainmuchvaIuabIe

information.

Sometimesthedifficultyofmathstudentscomesfrom.

A.thethoughtthattheydon,tlikemath

B.thethoughtthattheyarepoorinmath

C.theideasofpsychologists

D.theideasofinstructors

5.{{B}}Passage40{[/B]]

Everyartistknowsinhisheartthatheissayingsomethingtothe

pubIic.Notonlydoeshewanttosayitwell,buthewantsittobe

somethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.HehopesthatthepubIicwiII

Iistenandunderstand-hewantstoteachthem,andhewantsthemtolearn

fromhim.

WhatvisuaIartistsIikepainterswanttoteachiseasytomakeout

butdifficulttoexplain,becausepainterstranslatetheirexperiences

intoshapesandcolors,notwords.(40){{U}}Theyseemtofeelthata

certainseIectionofshapesandcolors,outofthecountIessbiIIions

possible,isexceptionaIIyinterestingforthemandworthshowingto

us.{{/U}}Withouttheirworkwewouldneverhavenoticedtheseparticular

shapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedeIightwhichtheybroughttothe

artist.

MostartiststaketheirshapesandcolorsfromtheworIdofnature

andfromhumanbodiesinmotionandstiIIness;theirchoicesindicate

thattheseaspectsoftheworldareworthIookingat,thattheycontain

beautifuIsights.Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoose

subjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,andthatthereisnothing

moreinit,yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferenceto

thecharacteroftheirsubjects.

Ifonepainterchoosestopaintaninjuredlegandanotheralakein

moonIight,eachofthemisdireelingourattentiontoacertainaspect

oftheworld.EachpainteristeIIingussomethingrshowingussomething,

emphasizingsomething——alIofwhichmeansthat,consciouslyor

unconsciously,heistryingtoteachus.

Withouttheartists'work,thepubIicwouldnot.

A.noticeparticularshapesorcolors

B.seetheshapesandcolorsthatexpresshisexperience

C.feelhisdelightinshapesandcolors

D.alloftheabove

6.{{B}}Passage41{{/B}}

ThreemengottotheDoverRaiIwayStationafewminutesafternine

o'clockoneevening.Theyaskedaguard,"Whattimeisthenexttrain

forLondon”

Theguardsaid,"You'vejustmissedone.Atraingoeseveryhour.

Thenextoneisatteno'clock.M

"That'sailright,"theysaid."We1IIgoandhaveadrink."Sooff

theywenttoabar.Aminuteortwoafterteno'clocktheycamerunning

andaskedtheguard.MHasthetraingone”"Yes,"theguardsaid.nIt

wentatten,andItoldyou.ThenextoneisateIeveno'clock.11

"That'sailright,ntheysaidagain."We'IIgoandhaveanotherdrink.n

Sotheywentbacktothebar.

Theymissedtheeleveno'clocktraininthesameway.Thentheguard

said,“No,thenexttrainisthelastone.Ifyoumissthattrain,you

won,tgettoLondontonight.n

(41){{U}}Twelveo'clockcame,andthelasttrainwasjuststarting

outwhenthethreeofthemcameoutofthebarrunningasfastasthey

could.{{/U}}Twoofthemgotonthetrainjustasitwasleavingbutthe

thirdonedidn'trunfastenough,andthetrainwentoutleavinghim

behind.HestoodthereIookingatthetrainandIaughingrasiftomiss

atrainwasthebestjokeintheworld.Theguardwentuptohimandsaid,

MItoldyouthatthiswasthelasttrain.Whydidn'tyoucomeearIier

(I

ThemankeptlaughinguntiItearscameintohiseyes.Thenhecaught

holdoftheguardandsaid,"Didyouseethetwomengetintothetrain

andleavemehere”

"Yes,Idid.n

“Well,IwastheonlyonetoleaveforLondon.Theywerehereonly

toseemeoff!n

Thestoryhappened.

A.inLondon

B.attheLondonRailwayStation

C.inabar

D.inDover

7.{{B}}Passage42{{/B}}

SomecountrieshaveIargenumbersofearthquakes.Japanisoneofthem.

Othersdonothavemany;forexampIe,therearefewearthquakesinBritain.

Thereisoftenagreatnoiseduringanearthquake.Theearthshakes.

HousesfaIIdown.RaiIwayIinesarebroken.SometimesmanypeopIeare

killedinanearthquake.

Earthquakesoftenhappennearvolcanoes,butthisisnotaIwaystrue.

Thecentersofsomeareunderthesea.Thebottomoftheseasuddenly

moves.Thepowerfulforcesinsidetheearthbreaktherocks.Thecoast

isshakenandgreatwavesappear.Thesewavestravellongdistancesand

rushoverthelandwhentheyreachit.(42){{U}}Theyarestrongenough

tobreakdownhousesandotherbuiIdings;sometimestheybreakmore

buiIdingsthantheearthquakeitself.{{/U}}

WhatkindofbuiIdingsstandsupbestinanearthquakeAbuiIding

withconcretewallsisperhapsthebest.AsteelframewiIImakeiteven

stronger.Theframeholdsthedifferentpartstogether,andthewalls

donoteasiIyfall.Thereislesschanceoffirebecauseconcreteand

steeldonotburn.ThiskindofbuiIdingisthesafest.

Whichofthefollowingshowsthatanearthquakehappens

A.Theearthandthebuildingsshakebadly.

B.Thereisagreatnoiseinthesky.

C.Theskyiscoveredwiththickclouds.

D.Thetigersandlionsinthezoorunaboutnervously.

8.{{B}}Passage43{{/B}}

SometimesitisimpossibletosendalIthemaiIthatarrivesatthe

postoffice.PerhapsthereisaninadequateoriIlegibleaddressandthere

isnoreturnaddress.ThepostofficecannotjustthrowthemaiIaway,

soitbecomes"deadmaiIDeadmaiIisthensenttooneoftheU.S.PostaI

Service'sdeadmaiIofficesinAtIanta,NewYork,PhiladeIphia,St.Paul,

andSanFrancisco.Seventy-fivemillionpiecesofmaiIcanendupinthese

officesinoneyear.

Thestaff'ofthedeadmaiIofficeshasdifferentwaystodeaIwith

alIofthesepiecesofdeadmail.FirstofaII,theylookforcluesthat

canhelpthemdeliverthemail;theyopenpackagesinthehopethat

somethinginsidewi11showwherethepackagecamefromorisgoingto.

(43){{U}}DeadmaiIwiIIalsobeIistedonacomputersothatpeopIecan

calIinandcheektoseeifamissingitemisthere.{{/U}}

However,alIofthemaiIcannotsimplybestoredforever:thereis

justtoomuchofit.WhenalotofdeadmaiIhaspiledup,thedeadmaiI

officesholdpubIicauctions.Everythreemonths,thepubIicisinvited

totheofficesandcontainingitemsfoundindeadmaiIpackagesaresold

tothehighestbidder(出價人).

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawaytodealwithdeadmaiI

A.Tosearchforclues.

B.Tothrowdeadmailaway.

C.Toopendeadmail.

D.Tolistdeadmailonacomputer.

9.{{B}}Passage37{{/B}}

WhydontbirdsgetIostontheirIongfIightsfromonepIacetoanother

ScientistshavebeenpuzzIedoverthisquestionformanyyears.Nowthey'

rebeginningtofillintheblanks.

Notlongago,experimentsshowedthatbirdsrelyonthesuntoguide

themduringdayIighthours.Butwhataboutbirdsthatflybynight(37)

{{U}}Testswithartificialstarshaveprovedthatcertainnight-flying

birdsareabletofollowthestarsintheirIong-distancefIights.{{/U}}

AdovehadspentitsIifetimeinacageandhadneverflownundera

naturalsky.YetitshowedaninbornabiIitytousethestarsforguidance.

Thebird'scagewaspIacedunderanartificialstar-fiIledsky.Thebird

triedtoflyinthesamedirectionasthattakenbyhisoutdoorcousins.

Anychangeinthepositionoftheartificialstarscausedachangein

thedirectionofhisflight.

Thestarsareapparentlytheirprincipalmeansofnavigation.When

thestarsarehiddenbyclouds,theyseemingIyfindtheirwaybysuch

landmarksasmountainranges,coastIinesyandrivercourses.Butwhen

it'stoodarktoseethese,thedovescirclehelplessly,unabletofind

theirway.

Theexperimentwiththedoveindicatedthat.

A.birdshavetobetaughttonavigate

B.abirdthathasbeencagedwillnotflylongdistances

C.somebirdscannotflyatnight

D.somebirdsseemtofollowthestarswhentheyflyatnight

10.{{B}}Passage43{{/B}}

SometimesitisimpossibletosendalIthemaiIthatarrivesatthe

postoffice.PerhapsthereisaninadequateoriIlegibleaddressandthere

isnoreturnaddress.ThepostofficecannotjustthrowthemaiIaway,

soitbecomes"deadmaiIDeadmaiIisthensenttooneoftheU.S.PostaI

Service5sdeadmaiIofficesinAtIanta,NewYork,PhiladeIphia,St.Paul,

andSanFrancisco.Seventy-fivemiIIionpiecesofmaiIcanendupinthese

officesinoneyear.

Thestaff'ofthedeadmaiIofficeshasdifferentwaystodealwith

alIofthesepiecesofdeadmail.FirstofaII,theylookforcluesthat

canhelpthemdeliverthemail;theyopenpackagesinthehopethat

somethinginsidewillshowwherethepackagecamefromorisgoingto.

(43){{U}}DeadmaiIwi11alsobeIistedonacomputersothatpeopIecan

calIinandcheektoseeifamissingitemisthere.{{/U}}

However,alIofthemaiIcannotsimplybestoredforever:thereis

justtoomuchofit.WhenalotofdeadmaiIhaspiledup,thedeadmaiI

officesholdpubIicauctions.Everythreemonths,thepubIicisinvited

totheofficesandcontainingitemsfoundindeadmaiIpackagesaresold

tothehighestbidder(出價人).

ThestaffinadeadmaiIofficemayopenapackageinordertofind.

A.somemoney

B.somemissingobjects

C.anaddress

D.acomputer

11.{{B}}Passage41{{/B}}

ThreemengottotheDoverRaiIwayStationafewminutesafternine

o'clockoneevening.Theyaskedaguard,“Whattimeisthenexttrain

forLondon”

Theguardsaid,"You'vejustmissedone.Atraingoeseveryhour.

Thenextoneisatteno'clock."

"That'sailright,"theysaid.nWe,IIgoandhaveadrink.MSooff

theywenttoabar.Aminuteortwoafterteno'clocktheycamerunning

andaskedtheguard.MHasthetraingone”"Yes,ntheguardsaid.HIt

wentatten,andItoldyou.Thenextoneisateleveno'clock.M

"That'sailright,ntheysaidagain."We'IIgoandhaveanotherdrink.M

Sotheywentbacktothebar.

Theymissedtheeleveno'clocktraininthesameway.Thentheguard

said,"No,thenexttrainisthelastone.Ifyoumissthattrain,you

won'tgettoLondontonight.H

(41){{U}}Twelveo'clockcame,andthelasttrainwasjuststarting

outwhenthethreeofthemcameoutofthebarrunningasfastasthey

could.{{/U}}Twoofthemgotonthetrainjustasitwasleavingbutthe

thirdonedidn,trunfastenough,andthetrainwentoutleavinghim

behind.HestoodthereIookingatthetrainandIaughingtasiftomiss

atrainwasthebestjokeintheworld.Theguardwentuptohimandsaid,

111toldyouthatthiswasthelasttrain.Whydidn'tyoucomeearIier

ThemankeptlaughinguntiItearscameintohiseyes.Thenhecaught

holdoftheguardandsaid,"Didyouseethetwomengetintothetrain

andleavemehere”

HYes,Idid.n

“Well,IwastheonlyonetoleaveforLondon.Theywerehereonly

toseemeoff!

Theguardtoldthethreementhatthere

A.weretrainsallthenight

B.wasatrainintheevening

C.wasatraineverysixtyminutes

D.werenotrainsthatevening

12.{{B}}Passage42{{/B}}

SomecountrieshaveIargenumbersofearthquakes.Japanisoneofthem.

Othersdonothavemany;forexample,therearefewearthquakesinBritain.

Thereisoftenagreatnoiseduringanearthquake.Theearthshakes.

HousesfaIIdown.RaiIwayIinesarebroken.SometimesmanypeopIeare

killedinanearthquake.

Earthquakesoftenhappennearvolcanoes,butthisisnotalwaystrue.

Thecentersofsomeareunderthesea.Thebottomoftheseasuddenly

moves.Thepowerfulforcesinsidetheearthbreaktherocks.Thecoast

isshakenandgreatwavesappear.Thesewavestravellongdistancesand

rushoverthelandwhentheyreachit.(42){{U}1Theyarestrongenough

tobreakdownhousesandotherbuiIdings;sometimestheybreakmore

buiIdingsthantheearthquakeitself.{{/U}}

WhatkindofbuiIdingsstandsupbestinanearthquakeAbuiIding

withconcretewallsisperhapsthebest.AsteelframewiIImakeiteven

stronger.Theframeholdsthedifferentpartstogether,andthewalls

donoteasilyfall.Thereislesschanceoffirebecauseconcreteand

steeldonotburn.ThiskindofbuiIdingisthesafest.

Anearthquakeisterriblebecause.

A.itoftenhappensnearavolcano

B.housesmayfalldowninanearthquake

C.alotofpeoplemaybekilledinanearthquake

D.bothBandC

13.{{B}}Passage40{{/B}}

Everyartistknowsinhisheartthatheissayingsomethingtothe

pubIic.Notonlydoeshewanttosayitwell,buthewantsittobe

somethingwhichhasnotbeensaidbefore.HehopesthatthepubIicwi11

Iistenandunderstand-hewantstoteachthem,andhewantsthemtolearn

fromhim.

WhatvisualartistsIikepainterswanttoteachiseasytomakeout

butdifficulttoexplain,becausepainterstranslatetheirexperiences

intoshapesandcolors,notwords.(40){{U}}Theyseemtofeelthata

certainseIectionofshapesandcolors,outofthecountIessbiIIions

possible,isexceptionallyinterestingforthemandworthshowingto

us.{[/[)]]WithouttheirworkwewouIdneverhavenoticedtheseparticular

shapesandcolors,orhavefeltthedeIightwhichtheybroughttothe

artist.

Mostartiststaketheirshapesandcolorsfromtheworldofnature

andfromhumanbodiesinmotionandstiIIness;theirchoicesindicate

thattheseaspectsoftheworIdareworthIookingat,thattheycontain

beautifuIsights.Contemporaryartistsmightsaythattheymerelychoose

subjectsthatprovideaninterestingpattern,andthatthereisnothing

moreinit,yeteventheydonotchooseentirelywithoutreferenceto

thecharacteroftheirsubjects.

Ifonepainterchoosestopaintaninjuredlegandanotheralakein

moonIight,eachofthemisdirectingourattentiontoacertainaspect

oftheworld.EachpainteristeIIingussomethingrshowingussomething,

emphasizingsomething-alIofwhichmeansthat,consciouslyor

unconsciously,heistryingtoteachus.

Anartist1schoiceofshapesandcolorsindicatesthathebeIievesthem

tobe,

A.calm

B.moving

C.delightful

D.worthlookingat

14.{{B}}Passage39{{/B}}

ManypeopIehavedifficultyinstudyingmathematics.Sometimestheir

difficultystemsfromthepsychologicalideathattheyare"notgoodat

math,r.(39){{U}}Ithasbeendemonstratedthatmanytimesthatitisoften

thisideathatiscausingtheirproblemsratherthananylackofskill

inmathematics.{{/U}}ThebestwaytodealwiththisproblemistotelI

yourselfthatmathinvolvesusingthesamenumbersyouhavebeenusing

alIyourIifeandthatyouknowthemasweIIasanyoneelse.Thenset

yourmindtolearninghowtheyareusedintheparticularpartof

mathematicsyouarestudying.Manyschoolsoffer11mathanxiety"courses

whicharedesignedtohelppeopIeovercometheirfearofmath.

AnotherproblemmanypeopIeencounteristhatinmathematics,unlike

someothersubjectsyoumayhavestudied,thematerialhasavery

importantsequenceororder.Ifyoudonotunderstandasectionof

mathematicstext,itisnousegoingontothenextsection.Manysections

ofmathbooksarebasedoninformationpresentedearIier,soitis

essentialthatyouunderstandasectionbeforegoingontothenext.

Sometimesstudentsinmathematicscoursesdonotreadthewritten

materialinthetextbutassumethattheinstructorwiIItelIthemwhat

theyneedtoknow.Thiscancausethemseriousproblems,sincemany

instructorsassumethatstudentshavereadthetextbeforecomingtoclass.

Thewrittensectionsofmathematicstextbookscontainmuchvaluable

information.

Thebestwaytosolvethisproblemis.

A.toseethatmathonlyinvolvesthenumbers

B.toseeyoucanlearnthenumbersnoworsethanothers

C.totellyouthatyouwillknowthemsoon

D.totellyourselfthatmathinvolvesusingthesamenumbers

15.{{B}}Passage38{{/B}}

Animalsdomanyusefulandentertainingjobs.(38){{U}}Dogsare

particularlyvaluabIeinguidingtheblind(atraineddogcanIearnnever

tocrossabusystreetwhencarsarecoming,evenifhismastercommands

himtodoso),protectingproperty,findinglostpeople,andhunting

criminals.{{/U}}Horsesareusedinguardingherds,carryingmeninlands

wheretherearenoroads,andhelpingfarmersplowfields.Pigeonshave

longbeenusedtocarrymessage.WiIdanimalsfromthejungles,forests

andseasareverypopularperformersincireusesandmovies.PeopIe

reaIizethat,aIthoughanimalsmaynothavethesameinteIIigenceashuman

beings,theyaresmartenoughtolearncertainthings.

Thefirstthingadogistaughtistoobey.Itshouldnottaketoo

longforhimtolearncommands.Simpleorders,suchas"sit,Iiedown,

staythere,comehere"canevenbetaughtbyachiId.

Trainingadogtobeawatchdogoftenproducesunexpectedresults.

SomedogsquicklylearnthedifferencebetweenunwantedpeopIeand

friends.ThisisbecausetheirmastersweIcomefriendsandinvitethem

intotheirhouses.However,somedogswiIIalwaysattackthepostmenwho

cometodeliverletters.Oneexplanationforthisbehavioristhat,

aIthoughthepostmancomestothehousefrequently,heneverentersthe

house.Therefore,thedogthinksthepostmanissomeonewhoisnotwanted,

butkeepscomingbackanyway.

Mastersofdogswhoattackpostmencaneasilyshowthedogsthatthe

postmanisafriendandthedogdoesnotneedtotreathimasanunwanted

person.Adogisquitereadytodowhathismasterwishes.Andadogis

alwayshappywhenheispraisedforproperunderstanding.

DogswhoaccompanyblindpeopIemustlearn.

A.to