高考閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)

高考閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)

高考考綱規(guī)定，閱讀理解部分要求考生能讀懂公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文段?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1）理解主旨和要義；（2）理解文中具體信息；（3）根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；（4）作出簡(jiǎn)單判斷和推理；（5）理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；（6）理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。下面主要講我們?cè)谧詈箅A段應(yīng)如何快速提高解答閱讀理解題的準(zhǔn)確率和速度。一、先題后文，忌一概精讀先看題目，再讀文章——這種方法看似簡(jiǎn)單，卻可以給考生節(jié)約很多寶貴的時(shí)間。該方法適用于所有體裁的閱讀理解文章，尤其適用于應(yīng)用文。因?yàn)殚喿x理解測(cè)試不僅考查受試者的精讀能力，還考查略讀和跳讀能力，而應(yīng)用文是最適合考查略讀和跳讀能力的體裁。例：（2017全國(guó)I卷A篇，保留原題題號(hào)，下同）PacificScienceCenterGuide◆VisitPacificScienceCenter'sStoreDon'tforgettostopbyPacificScienceCenter'sStorewhileyouareheretopickupawonderfulscienceactivityorsouvenirtorememberyourvisit.Thestoreislocated(位于)upstairsinBuilding3rightnexttotheLaserDome.◆Hungry?Ourexhibits...◆RentalInformationLockersareavailable...◆SupportPacificScienceCenterSince...bringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.21.WherecanyoubuyasouveniratPacificScienceCenter?A.InBuilding1.B.InBuilding3.C.AttheLaserDome.D.AttheDennyWayentrance.22.WhatdoesPacificScienceCenterdoforschools? A.Trainscienceteachers. B.Distributesciencebooks. C.Inspirescientificresearch. D.Takesciencetotheclassroom.23.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext? A.Toencouragedonations. B.Toadvertisecomingevents. C.Tointroducespecialexhibits. D.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.

本文是應(yīng)用文。文章是太平洋科學(xué)中心的參觀指南。答案依次是B、D、A。通過(guò)瀏覽題目不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，三道題均為細(xì)節(jié)理解題。再閱讀文章可知，三道題都是只需要閱讀小標(biāo)題及個(gè)別信息就可以找到答案。也就是通過(guò)先看題目，再讀文章，利用跳讀的方法，只需讀幾十詞（而不是全文220余詞）就可以快速且正確作答。二、順序?qū)ふ掖鸢妇€索，特殊情況除外通常一篇閱讀理解的數(shù)個(gè)題目的答案線索在文中是按先后順序出現(xiàn)的，特殊情況除外。例如，主旨大意題、標(biāo)題歸納題、文章出處題、寫作目的題等題目是建立在文章全部?jī)?nèi)容之上的，通常放在最后或最前面，解答這些題目的明顯依據(jù)視文章具體情況而定。因此，答題時(shí)要避免做每一道題都盲目地從頭到尾找線索，而應(yīng)在上一道題的答案線索下面找本道題的答案線索。這樣在做題過(guò)程中可以節(jié)約不少時(shí)間。

從上文所舉的例子（2017全國(guó)I卷A篇）來(lái)看，三道題的答案線索依次出現(xiàn)在第一段、最后一段前半部分、最后一段后半部分。我們?cè)倥e一個(gè)例子。例：（2017全國(guó)I卷B篇）

IworkwithVolunteersforWildlife...Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturescanbeheartbreaking;survivalisnevercertain.However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.WhenIarrived,Isawa2-to3-week-oldowl...Iexaminedthechick(雛鳥)anditseemedfine...Mynextworkwastoconstructanestandanchoritinatree.Thehomeownerwasveryhelpful.Awirebasketwasfound...Iplacedthechickinthenest,anditquicklycalmeddown.Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents...toseewhatnewsthenightmightbring.Anervousnighttobesure,butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall...Anditwasaccompaniedinthenestbythegreatestsightofall—LUNCH!Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodoso.24.Whatisunavoidableintheauthor'srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Efforts

made

in

vain. B.Getting

injured

in

his

work. C.Feeling

uncertain

about

his

future. D.Creatures

forced

out

of

their

homes.25.Why

was

the

author

called

to

Muttontown? A.To

rescue

a

woman. B.To

take

care

of

a

woman. C.To

look

at

a

baby

owl. D.To

cure

a

young

owl.26.What

made

the

chick

calm

down?A.A

new

nest. B.Some

food.C.A

recording. D.Its

parents.27.Howwouldtheauthorfeelabouttheoutcomeoftheevent? A.It's

unexpected. B.

It's

beautiful. C.

It's

humorous. D.

It's

discouraging.

本文是記敘文。文章主要講述了作者救助一只貓頭鷹幼雛的經(jīng)歷。選文是文章每段中的部分內(nèi)容。答案依次是A、C、A、B。第24、25、26題是細(xì)節(jié)理解題；第27題是推理判斷題。四道題的答案線索依次出現(xiàn)在第一、二、四、六段。三、仔細(xì)閱讀題干，排除干擾項(xiàng)通常閱讀理解的選項(xiàng)均與文章中的信息相關(guān)：正確選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文部分內(nèi)容的同義重復(fù)或者總結(jié)引申；干擾項(xiàng)有的會(huì)在原文中全部或部分出現(xiàn)，有的是對(duì)文章部分信息斷章取義的結(jié)果，有的則是對(duì)原文信息的錯(cuò)誤聯(lián)想。很多同學(xué)不仔細(xì)閱讀題干，僅憑某一選項(xiàng)在文章中出現(xiàn)過(guò)就選為答案的做法往往使自己中了命題人的圈套，是非常不可取的。例：（2017全國(guó)II卷B篇）

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn'twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon'tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat;theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers....24.Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst? A.PaulNewmanwantedit. B.Thestudiopowersdidn'tlikehisagent. C.Hewasn'tfamousenough. D.Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.

本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者和一位名演員PaulNewman之間的友誼。選文是文章第一段的內(nèi)容。答案是