2022年考研英語(yǔ)二真題及答案解析

2022年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)（二）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificant

weightfluctuations._1_,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmore

thanit2.

Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeing

generallyhealthyandphysicallyactive,tofocusing3onthescale.Thatwas

badtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,but

thinkingonlyof4thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.That

conflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5mygoals.

Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate_6ofthe

hardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonth

tonoticesignificantchangesinyourweight7alteringyourtrainingprogram.

Themost8changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.

Forthese_9,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthly

weighingschedule10.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportant

formetoHmyweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserve

and12anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto13my

trainingprogram.

Iusemybimonthlyweigh-inL4togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.

Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly15anddropping

weight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.

The17tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverall

health,fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsince

Inolongercarrytheburdenofa18morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperienced

greatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,19I'mtraining

accordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.

Ratherthan20overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,how

yourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.

1.[A]Besides[B]Therefore[C]Otherwise[D]However

2.[A]helps[B]cares[C]warns[D]reduces

3.[A]initially[B]solely[C]occasionally[D]formally

4.[A]recording[B]lowering[C]explaining[D]accepting

5.[A]modify[B]set[C]review[D]reach

6.[A]definition[B]depiction[C]distribution[D]prediction

7.[A]dueto[B]regardlessof[C]asidefrom[D]alongwith

8.[A]orderly[B]rigid[C]precise[D]immediate

9.[A]claims[B]judgments[C]reasons[D]methods

10.[A]instead[B]though[C]again[D]indeed

11.[A]track[B]overlook[C]conceal[D]report

12.[A]dependon[B]approveof[C]holdonto[D]accountfor

13.[A]share[B]adjust[C]confirm[D]prepare

14.[A]results[B]features[C]rules[D]tests

15.[A]bored[B]anxious[C]hungry[D]sick

16.[A]principle[B]secret[C]belief[D]sign

17.[A]request[B]necessity[C]decision[D]wish

18.[A]disappointing[B]surprising[C]restricting[D]consuming

19.[A]if[B]unless[C]until[D]because

20.[A]obsessing[B]dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphing

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Unlikeso-calledbasicemotionssuchassadness,fear,andanger,guiltemerges

alittlelater,inconjunctionwithachild,sgrowinggraspofsocialandmoralnorms.

Childrenaren,tbornknowinghowtosay'Tmsorry”;rather,theylearnovertime

thatsuchstatementsappeaseparentsandfriends-andtheirownconsciences.This

iswhyresearchersgenerallyregardso-calledmoralguilt,intherightamount,to

beagoodthing.

Inthepopularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortable-it'stheemotionalequivalentofwearingajacketweightedwith

stones.Yetthisunderstandingisoutdated.uTherehasbeenakindofrevivalor

arethinkingaboutwhatguiltisandwhatroleguiltcanserve,“saysAmrishaVaish,

apsychologyresearcherattheUniversityofVirginia,addingthatthisrevivalis

partofalargerrecognitionthatemotionsaren,tbinary-feelingsthatmaybe

advantageousinonecontextmaybeharmfulinanother.Jealousyandanger,forexample,

mayhaveevolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Toomuchhappinesscanbe

destructive.

Andguilt,bypromptingustothinkmoredeeplyaboutourgoodness,canencourage

humanstomakeupforerrorsandfixrelationships.Guilt,inotherwords,canhelp

holdacooperativespeciestogether.Itisakindofsocialglue.

Viewedinthislight,guiltisanopportunity.WorkbyTinaMalti,apsychology

professorattheUniversityofToronto,suggeststhatguiltmaycompensateforan

emotionaldeficiency.Inanumberofstudies,Maltiandothershaveshownthatguilt

andsympathymayrepresentdifferentpathwaystocooperationandsharing.Somekids

whoarelowinsympathymaymakeupforthatshortfallbyexperiencingmoreguilt,

whichcanreinintheirnastierimpulses.Andviceversa:Highsympathycansubstitute

forlowguilt.

Ina2022study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Usingcaregiver

assessmentsandthechildren,sself-observations,sheratedeachchild,soverall

sympathylevelandhisorhertendencytofeelnegativeemotionsaftermoral

transgressions.Thenthekidswerehandedchocolatecoins,andgivenachancetoshare

themwithananonymouschild.Forthelow-sympathykids,howmuchtheysharedappeared

toturnonhowinclinedtheyweretofeelguilty.Theguilt-proneonessharedmore,

eventhoughtheyhadn'tmagicallybecomemoresympathetictotheotherchild's

deprivation.

“That'sgoodnews,〃Maltisays."Wecanbeprosocialbecausewecausedharm

andwefeelregret.

21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagoodthingbecauseitmayhelp.

[A]regulateachild,sbasicemotions

[B]improveachild,sintellectualability

[C]fosterachild'smoraldevelopment

[D]intensifyachild'spositivefeelings

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,manypeoplestillconsiderguilttobe.

[A]deceptive

[B]burdensome

[C]addictive

[D]inexcusable

23.Vaishholdsthattherethinkingaboutguiltcomesfromanawarenessthat.

[A]emotionsarecontext-independent

[B]emotionsaresociallyconstructive

[C]emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth

[D]anemotioncanplayopposingroles

24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing.

[A]mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies

[B]canresultfromeithersympathyorguilt

[C]canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction

[D]maybetheoutcomeofimpulsiveacts

25.Theword“transgressions”(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]teachings

[B]discussions

[C]restrictions

[D]wrongdoings

Text2

Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainst

climatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthe

carbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabi1itytodoso.Theclimate

changewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbon

thantheyabsorb.

Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap-butitinvolvesstrikingasubtle

balance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluableacarbonsinks〃longintothefuture

mayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingthe

way,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.

Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoung

treesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carrying

capacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,

sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromthe

6

air.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrendered

lesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.

Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2022,drought

andinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2022

alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.

Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2022,and60,000by

2030-financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'

sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillion

acresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireor

drought.

Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromthe

forestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehicles

thatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuels

isalreadyunderway.

Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionally

they'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Only

recentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoring

carbon.California,splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornext

year,shouldserveasamodel.

26.Bysaying“oneoftheharderchallenges,"theauthorimpliesthat.

[A]globalclimatechangemaygetoutofcontrol

[B]peoplemaymisunderstandglobalwarming

[C]extremeweatherconditionsmayarise

[D]forestsmaybecomeapotentialthreat

27.Tomaintainforestsasvaluable“carbonsinks,“wemayneedto.

[A]preservethediversityofspeciesinthem

[B]acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees

[C]strikeabalanceamongdifferentplants

[D]lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity

28.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto.

[A]cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees

[B]reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests

[C]findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects

[D]restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfires

29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5

[A]Tohandletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.

[B]Tocarryitoutbeforetheyearof2022.

[C]Toperfecttheemissions-permitauctions.

[D]TOobtainenoughfinancialsupport.

30.Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbedescribedas.

[A]ambiguous

[B]tolerant

[C]supportive

[D]cautious

Text3

Americanfarmershavebeencomplainingoflaborshortagesforseveralyears.The

complaintsareunlikelytostopwithoutanoverhaulofimmigrationrulesforfarm

workers.

Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforwardvisafor

agriculturalworkersthatwouldletforeignworkersstaylongerintheU.S.andchange

jobswithintheindustry.Ifthisdoesn'tchange,Americanbusinesses,communities,

andconsumerswillbethelosers.

PerhapshalfofU.S.farmlaborersareundocumentedimmigrants.Asfewersuch

workersenterthecountry,thecharacteristicsoftheagriculturalworkforceare

changing.Today'sfarmlaborers,whilestillpredominantlyborninMexico,aremore

likelytobesettledratherthanmigratingandmorelikelytobemarriedthansingle.

They'realsoaging.Atthestartofthiscentury,aboutone-thirdofcropworkers

wereovertheageof35.Nowmorethanhalfare.Andpickingcropsishardonolder

bodies.Oneoft-debatedcureforthislaborshortageremainsasimplausibleasit'

sbeenallalong:NativeU.S.workerswon,tbereturningtothefarm.

Mechanizationisn,ttheanswer,either-notyet,atleast.Productionofcorn,

cotton,rice,soybeans,andwheathasbeenlargelymechanized,butmanyhigh-value,

labor-intensivecrops,suchasstrawberries,needlabor.Evendairyfarms,where

robotsdoasmallshareofmilking,havealongwaytogobeforethey*reautomated.

Asaresult,farmshavegrownincreasinglyreliantontemporaryguestworkers

usingtheII-2Avisatofillthegapsintheworkforce.Startingaround2022,requests

forthevisasrosesharply;from2022to2022thenumberofvisasissuedmorethan

doubled.TheH-2Avisahasnonumericalcap,unliketheH-2Bvisafornonagricultural

work,whichislimitedto66,000ayear.Evenso,employerscomplaintheyaren,t

givenalltheworkerstheyneed.Theprocessiscumbersome,expensive,andunreliable.

OnesurveyfoundthatbureaucraticdelaysledtheaverageH-2Aworkertoarriveon

thejob22dayslate.Theshortageiscompoundedbyfederalimmigrationraids,which

removesomeworkersanddriveothersunderground.

Ina2022survey,71percentoftree-fruitgrowersandalmost80percentofraisin

andberrygrowerssaidtheywereshortoflabor.Somewesternfarmershaveresponded

bymovingoperationstoMexico.From1998to2022,14.5percentofthefruitAmericans

consumedwasimported.Littlemorethanadecadelater,theshareofimportswas25.8

percent.

Ineffect,theU.S.canimportfoodoritcanimporttheworkerswhopickit.

31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs

[A]DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.

[B]BiasedlawsinfavorofsomeAmericanbusinesses.

[C]FlawsinU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.

[D]DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.

32.OnetroublewithU.S.agriculturalworkforceis.

[A]therisingnumberofillegalimmigrants

[B]thehighmobilityofcropworkers

[C]thelackofexperiencedlaborers

[D]theagingofimmigrantfarmworkers

33.Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortageinU.S.farming

[A]Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.

[B]TOgetnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.

[C]Tousemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.

[D]Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.

34.AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits.

[A]slowgrantingprocedures

[B]limitondurationofstay

[C]tightenedrequirements

[D]controlofannualadmissions

35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthistext

[A]U.S.AgricultureinDecline

[B]ImportFoodorLabor

[C]AmericaSavedbyMexico

[D]Manpowervs.Automation

Text4

ArnoldSchwarzenegger,DiaMirzaandAdrianGrenierhaveamessageforyou:It'

seasytobeatplastic.They'repartofabunchofcelebritiesstarringinanew

videoforWorldEnvironmentDay-encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyour

single-useplasticstaples1ikestrawsandcutlerytocombattheplasticscrisis.

ThekeymessagesthathavebeenputtogetherforWorldEnvironmentDaydoinclude

acallforgovernmentstoenactlegislationtocurbsingle-useplastics.Butthe

overarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.

Myconcernwithleavingituptotheindividual,however,isourlimitedsense

ofwhatneedstobeachieved.Ontheirown,takingourownbagstothegrocerystore

orquittingplasticstraws,forexample,willaccomplishlittleandrequirevery

littleofus.Theycouldevenbedetrimental,satisfyinganeedtohave“doneour

bit“withouteverprogressingontobigger,bolder,moreeffectiveactions-akind

ofumorallicensing"thatallaysourconcernsandstopsusdoingmoreandasking

moreofthoseincharge.

Whiletheconversationaroundourenvironmentandourresponsibilitytowardit

remainscenteredonshoppingbagsandstraws,weyreignoringthebalanceofpower

thatimpliesthatas“consumers"wemustshopsustainably,ratherthanas“citizens”

holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccounttopushforrealsystemicchange.

It'simportanttoacknowledgethattheenvironmentisn'teveryone?spriority

-orevenmostpeople's.Weshouldn'texpectittobe.Inherlatestbook,Why

GoodPeopleDoBadEnvironmentalThings,WellesleyCollegeprofessorElizabethR.

DeSombrearguesthatthebestwaytocollectivelychangethebehavioroflargenumbers

ofpeopleisforthechangetobestructural.

Thismightmeanimplementingpolicysuchasaplastictaxthataddsacostto

environmentallyproblematicaction,orbanningsingle-useplasticsaltogether.India

hasjustannounceditwill“eliminateallsingle-useplasticinthecountryby2022.〃

Therearealsoincentive-basedwaysofmakingbetterenvironmentalchoiceseasier,

suchasensuringrecyclingisatleastaseasyastrashdisposal.

DeSombreisn,tsayingpeopleshouldstopcaringabouttheenvironment.It's

justthatindividualactionsaretooslow,shesays,forthattobetheonly,oreven

primary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.

Noneofthisisaboutwritingofftheindividual.It'sjustaboutputtingthings

intoperspective.Wedon'thavetimetowait.Weneedprogressivepoliciesthatshape

collectiveaction(andreininpollutingbusinesses),alongsideengagedcitizens

pushingforchange.

36.Somecelebritiesstarinanewvideoto.

[A]demandnewlawsontheuseofplastics

[B]urgeconsumerstocuttheuseofplastics

[C]invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis

[D]disclosethecausesoftheplasticscrisis

37.Theauthorisconcernedthatmorallicensing"may.

[A]misleadusintodoingworthlessthings

[B]preventusfrommakingfurtherefforts

[C]weakenoursenseofaccomplishment

[D]suppressourdesireforsuccess

38.Bypointingoutouridentity“citizens”,theauthorindicatesthat.

[A]ourfocusshouldbeshiftedtocommunitywelfare

[B]ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesisimproving

[C]wehavebeenactivelyexercisingourcivilrights

[D]weshouldpressourgovernmenttoleadthecombat

39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestwayforacollectivechangeshouldbe.

[A]awin-winarrangement

[B]aself-drivenmechanism

[C]acost-effectiveapproach

[D]atop-downprocess

40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts.

[A]canbetooaggressive

[B]canbetooinconsistent

[C]arefarfromsufficient

[D]arefarfromrational

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsinthe

leftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.There

aretwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWER

SHEET.(10points)

Inchoosinganewhome,CamilleMcClain*skidshaveasingledemand:abackyard.

McClain?slittleonesaren?ttheonlykidswhohaveanopinionwhenitcomes

tohousing,andinmanycasesyoungstersJviewsweighheavilyonparents'realestate

decisions,accordingtoa2022HarrisPollsurveyofmorethan2,000U.S.adults.

Whilemorefamiliesbuckanolder-generationproclivitytoleavekidsinthedark

aboutrealestatedecisions,realtyagentsandpsychologistshavemixedviewsabout

thefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskids'opinionsmayhave.

Theideaofinvolvingchildreninabigdecisionisagreatideabecauseitcan

helpthemfeelasenseofcontrolandownershipinwhatcanbeanoverwhelmingprocess,

saidRyanHooper,clinicalpsychologistinChicago.

uChildrenmayfaceseriousdifficultiesincopingwithsignificantmoves,

especiallyifitremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupportsystem,〃hesaid.

GregJaroszewski,realestatebrokerwithGagliardoRealtyAssociates,saidhe'

snotconvincedthatkidsshouldbeinvolvedinselectingahome-buttheiropinions

shouldbeconsideredinregardstoproximitytofriendsandsocialactivities,if

possible.

Youngerchildrenshouldfeellikethey'rechoosingtheirhome-without

actuallygettingachoiceinthematter,saidAdamBailey,realestateattorneybased

inNewYork.

Askingthemquestionsaboutwhattheylikeaboutthebackyardofapotentialhome

willmakethemfeellikethey'rebeingincludedinthedecision-makingprocess,Bailey

said.

Manyoftheaspectsofhomebuyingaren'taconsiderationforchildren,saidTracey

Hampson,arealestateagentbasedinSantaClarita,Calif.Andplacingtoomuch

emphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase.

“Speakingwithyourchildrenbeforeyoumakearealestatedecisioniswise,

butIwouldn,tbasethepurchasingdecisionsolelyontheiropinions.Hampsonsaid.

Theotherissueisthatmanychildren-especiallyolderones-maybasetheir

realstateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisofTheNorrisGroupinRiverside,

Calif.

“TheyloveChipandJoannaGainesjustasmuchastherestofus,〃hesaid.

“HGTVhasseriouslychangedhowpeopleviewrealestate.It'snotshelter,it'

salifestyle.Withthatmindsetchangecomesomeseriousmoneyconsequences.

Kidstendtogetstuckinthefeaturesandtheimmediatebenefitstothem

personally,Norrissaid.

Parentsneedtoremindtheirchildrenthattheirneedsanddesiresmaychange

overtime,saidJulieGurner,arealestateanalystwithFitSmallBusiness.

“Theiropinionscanchangetomorrow,Gurnersaid."Harshasitmaybetosay,

thatdecisionshouldlikelynotbemadecontingentonachild,sopinions,butrather

madeforthemwithgreatconsiderationintowhathomecanmeettheirneedsbest

-andgivethemanopportunitytocustomizeitabitandmakeittheirown.〃

Thisadviceismorerelevantnowthaneverbefore,evenasmoreparentswantto

embracetheideasoftheirchildren,despitethecurrenthousingcrunch.

[A]remarksthatsignificantmovesmayposechallengesto

children.

41.RyanHooper[B]saysthatitiswisetoleavekidsinthedarkaboutreal

estatedecisions.

42.AdamBailey[C]advisesthathomepurchasesshouldnotbebasedonlyon

children,sopinions.

43.TraceyHampson[D]thinksthatchildrenshouldbegivenasenseofinvolvement

inhomebuyingdecisions.

[E]notesthataspectslikechildren'sfriendsandsocial

44.AaronNorris

activitiesshouldbeconsidereduponhomebuying.

[F]believesthathomebuyingdecisionsshould