IPNI年終總結(jié)報告河北 - 國際植物營養(yǎng)研究所中國項目部

河北省土壤養(yǎng)分管理與平衡施肥

2021年度總結(jié)報告河北省農(nóng)林科學院農(nóng)業(yè)資源環(huán)境研究所匯報內(nèi)容試驗地塊信息2021年研究工作明年工作方案河北省耕地面積近9000萬畝，人口6943萬，糧食總產(chǎn)284.16億公斤，分別占全國耕地面積的5%、全國人口的5.3%和全國糧食總產(chǎn)量的5.7%?！?007〕我國小麥-玉米優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)區(qū)TotalcultivatedlandinHebeiaround6000000ha,withtotalgrainproductionofmorethan280*108kg。Hebeiisthemainwheat-maizeproductionprovinceinchina.辛集河北概況正定衡水滄州大河河北平原農(nóng)田養(yǎng)分狀況土壤有機質(zhì)含量中等偏上水平土壤全氮、堿解氮含量偏低

速效磷含量地區(qū)分布差異較大,整體屬中等水平速效鉀含量普遍在低水平

2021年主要研究工作冬小麥－夏玉米輪作下鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控

冬小麥氮肥用量試驗

冬小麥氮肥基追比用量試驗

冬小麥OPT試驗夏玉米氮素養(yǎng)分管理試驗夏玉米OPT試驗冬小麥－夏玉米輪作下鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控

KrecyclingandKfertilizermanagementinaWheat/Maizerotationsystem

1、MaterialandMethods

處理內(nèi)容Treatments養(yǎng)分用量Fertilizationinput秸稈還田StrawrecyclingNP2O5K2O1NP225900否No2NPK22590150否No3NPSt225900是Yes4NPKSt22590150是Yes冬小麥－夏玉米鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控試驗方案kg/haFertilizationandstrawtreatmentsforwheat/maizeRotationinMalanEachplotareais50m2.Alltreatmentsreplicate４times.2、ResultsandDiscussion冬小麥－夏玉米輪作下鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控試驗產(chǎn)量結(jié)果與分析kg/haYieldeffectsoffertilizerandstrawtreatmentsforwheat/maizerotationinMalan,2021鉀肥對玉米的增產(chǎn)效果大于對小麥的增產(chǎn)效果Khashigheryieldincreaseeffectonmaizethanonwheat

施鉀肥同時秸稈還田增產(chǎn)效果明顯TheyieldforNPKSsignificantlyhigherthanothertreatments作物Crops處理Treat.重復一

Rep.1重復二

Rep.2重復三

Rep.3重復四

Rep.4平均

Av.增產(chǎn)增產(chǎn)率(%）小麥

Wheat

NP72117041722165707011

NPK796175417470759076406308.98NPSt755178116771721173363254.26NPKSt7911738079917920780079010.77玉米

Maize

NP70205640537054155861

NPK69757425744073957309144824.70NPSt73057035657067956926106518.17NPKSt71857155741079057414155326.49各處理抗倒伏情況調(diào)查表

Investigationoflodgingduetostrongwindin2021-08-27處理Treatments倒伏率%重復1Rep.1重復2Rep.1重復3Rep.1重復4Rep.1平均Av.NP69.277.368.945.365.2NPK49.061.224.645.045.0NPSt72.156.950.829.152.2NPKSt47.932.146.754.845.42021年8月27日黃昏，河北中東部局部地區(qū)遭大風冰雹襲擊，最大風力10級，冰雹最大直徑4厘米。1998－2021年定位試驗小麥增產(chǎn)統(tǒng)計結(jié)果Wheatyieldstatisticsforin-siteexperimentinMalan,1998to2021秸稈還田后鉀肥增產(chǎn)效益增加。Theeconomicincomesignificantlyincreaseforstrawrecyclingtreatmentsthannostrawrecyclingtreatments.年份NPK比NP增產(chǎn)NPSt比NP增產(chǎn)NPKSt比NP增產(chǎn)顯著性LSD0.05絕對值(kg/ha)相對值(%)

K2O增產(chǎn)(kg/kg)絕對值(kg/ha)相對值(%)

絕對值(kg/ha)相對值(%)

K2O增產(chǎn)(kg/kg)1998260.40.2110.2359**5.92.492.21999139**2.00.9277**4424**6.12.870.22000710**11.74.7560**9.21070**17.67.1327.82001698**11.64.7526**8.8773**12.95.2424.282002687**11.24.6521**8.5756**12.35181.222003326**5.32.2311**5.1375**6.12.5192.092004543**9.43.62063.6701**12.14.722420053305.92.23205.7520**9.33.5486.9720063526.22.32774.91001**17.56.7590.6320072715.01.8330.6772**14.45.1407.5620083536.42.42304.2567**10.33.8432.22009630*9.04.23254.3790**10.85.3533.51998－2021年定位試驗玉米增產(chǎn)統(tǒng)計結(jié)果Maizeyieldstatisticsforin-siteexperimentinMalan,1998to2021秸稈還田后鉀肥增產(chǎn)效益增加。Theeconomicincomesignificantlyincreaseforstrawrecyclingtreatmentsthannostrawrecyclingtreatments.年份NPK比NP增產(chǎn)NPSt比NP增產(chǎn)NPKSt比NP增產(chǎn)顯著性LSD0.05絕對值(kg/ha)相對值(%)

K2O增產(chǎn)(kg/kg)絕對值(kg/ha)相對值(%)

絕對值(kg/ha)相對值(%)

K2O增產(chǎn)(kg/kg)1998971**16.36.5210**3.51016**17.16.8190.619991140**20.87.63566.51128**20.67.570820001035**17.36.93756.31095**18.37.3418.282001930**14.16.2360**5.51080**16.47.2279.920021478**27.79.93266.11627**30.510.8420.1220032490**39.316.61339**21.22182**34.514.5423.3620041738**25.411.6697**10.21809**26.412.1528.520051789**23.711.91103**14.62021**26.713.5421.8320061844**23.912.3974**12.61829**23.712.2802.1620071603**22.310.7718101891**26.312.6993.520081543**20.310.3799**10.51421**189.5783.320091448**24.79.71065**

18.21553**

26.510.4801.2不同處理對農(nóng)田鉀素平衡的影響

EffectsofdifferenttreatmentsonKbalance

處理K2O投入(kg/ha)K2O移走(kg/ha)K2O平衡NP0.0164.0NPK300.0297.61.01NPSt114.1122.90.48NPKSt443.9177.11.381999-2021土壤鉀素平衡狀況不同鉀肥管理措施對土壤速效鉀和緩效鉀的影響增施鉀肥、秸稈還田對玉米有顯著增產(chǎn)效果，秸稈還田后鉀肥的增產(chǎn)效益增強。增施鉀肥能夠提高作物抗倒性增施鉀肥可以平衡農(nóng)田土壤中的鉀素支出狀況，提高土壤供鉀能力。2021年主要研究工作冬小麥－夏玉米輪作下鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控冬小麥氮肥用量試驗

冬小麥氮肥基追比用量試驗

冬小麥OPT試驗夏玉米氮素養(yǎng)分管理試驗夏玉米OPT試驗冬小麥氮肥用量試驗研究1、MaterialandMethods

該試驗設在河北省辛集市馬莊農(nóng)場，供試作物為冬小麥，品種為衡觀35，小區(qū)面積41m2。ASI法土壤養(yǎng)分分析結(jié)果

mg/lSoilnutrientcontentresultsbyASImethodOM(%)NH4-NNO3-NPKCaMgSFeCuMnZnBpH0.4911.744.125.847.31936283128.916.81.75.510.998.2冬小麥氮肥用量試驗方案kg/haTreatmentsFertilizationinputNP2O5K2O1N0P60K90060902N60P60K906060903N120P60K9012060904N180P60K9018060905N240P60K9024060906N300P60K903006090施肥對冬小麥產(chǎn)量和收益的影響ThewheatyieldandeconomicanalysisunderdifferentfertilizermanagementinXinji,20212、Resultsanddiscussion處理Treatments經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量（kg/ha）yield增產(chǎn)（kg/ha）

增產(chǎn)率％

產(chǎn)值元/ha

肥料元/ha

純收益元/ha

IIIIII平均0.05差異顯著N0P60K906315671566436558b

1311694512171N60P60K906970616571456760b2023.0913521120612315N120P60K907523725367387171ab6139.3514342146712876N180P60K907730748379037705a114717.5015411172813683N240P60K907608731083737764a120618.3915528198913539N300P60K907948783874387741a118318.0515482225013233Y=7752X>=199Y=6470+6.42XX<199r2=0.692**不同氮肥施用量對冬小麥籽粒產(chǎn)量的影響施肥對冬小麥養(yǎng)分吸收影響TheeffectoffertilizermanagementonwheatnutrientuptakeTreatmentsN農(nóng)學效率AEN養(yǎng)分回收率（%）REN0P60K90N60P60K903.414.0N120P60K905.124.5N180P60K906.429.7N240P60K905.023.1N300P60K903.917.7不同處理對農(nóng)學效率和養(yǎng)分利用率的影響2021年主要研究工作冬小麥－夏玉米輪作下鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控冬小麥氮肥用量試驗

冬小麥氮肥基追比用量試驗

冬小麥OPT試驗夏玉米氮素養(yǎng)分管理試驗夏玉米OPT試驗冬小麥氮肥基追比試驗1、MaterialandMethods該試驗位于辛集市馬莊農(nóng)場，冬小麥品種為衡觀35，試驗設計為7個處理，3次重復，隨機排列，小區(qū)面積41m2。ASI法土壤養(yǎng)分分析結(jié)果

mg/lSoilnutrientcontentresultsbyASImethodOM(%)NH4-NNO3-NPKCaMgSFeCuMnZnBpH0.511.715.944.970.21395.9380.7106.813.22.16.91.41.078.41冬小麥氮肥基追比試驗方案kg/haTreatmentsFertilizationinputNP2O5K2O1N0060902N120（0-80-40）12060903N120（20-60-40）12060904N120（40-40-40）12060905N180（0-120-60）18060906N180（30-90-60）18060907N180（60-60-60）1806090施肥對冬小麥產(chǎn)量和收益的影響ThewheatyieldandeconomicanalysisunderdifferentfertilizermanagementinXinji,20212、ResultsandDiscussion

處理經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量（kg/ha）增產(chǎn)（kg/ha）

增產(chǎn)率％

產(chǎn)值元/ha

肥料元/ha

純收益元/ha

IIIIII平均0.05差異顯著N0P60K906255640065456400c

1280194511856N120（0-80-40）7060650569706845bc4456.9513691146712224N120（20-60-40）6673773570557155abc75411.7814309146712842N120（40-40-40）6715790570557225ab82512.8914451146712984N180（0-120-60）7018748065887029abc6289.8214057172812330N180（30-90-60）7650798873957678a127819.9615356172813628N180（60-60-60）7013805081807748a134821.0515496172813768aaabcababcbcc不同氮肥施用量及施用比例對冬小麥籽粒產(chǎn)量的影響施肥對冬小麥養(yǎng)分吸收影響Theeffectoffertilizermanagementonwheatnutrientuptake處理N農(nóng)學效率AEN養(yǎng)分回收率（%）REN0P60K90N120（0-80-40）3.714.0N120（20-60-40）6.318.8N120（40-40-40）6.920.8N180（0-120-60）3.519.5N180（30-90-60）7.126.1N180（60-60-60）7.528.0不同處理對農(nóng)學效率和養(yǎng)分利用率的影響2021年主要研究工作冬小麥－夏玉米輪作下鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控冬小麥氮肥用量試驗

冬小麥氮肥基追比用量試驗

冬小麥OPT試驗夏玉米氮素養(yǎng)分管理試驗夏玉米OPT試驗辛集冬小麥OPT試驗1、MaterialandMethods

試驗位于辛集馬莊農(nóng)場，試驗設計為6個處理，3次重復，隨機排列。ASI法土壤養(yǎng)分分析結(jié)果

mg/lSoilnutrientcontentresultsbyASImethodOM(%)NH4-NNO3-NPKCaMgSFeCuMnZnBpH0.4910.623.918.650.41834.1289.1120.317.91.95.22.61.358.28TreatmentsFertilizationinputNP2O5K2O1OPT18060902OPT-N060903OPT-P1800904OPT-K1806005CK00006FP3001900辛集冬小麥OPT試驗方案kg/ha不同處理冬小麥籽粒產(chǎn)量施肥對冬小麥產(chǎn)量和收益的影響ThewheatyieldandeconomicanalysisunderdifferentfertilizermanagementinXinji,20212、ResultsandDiscussion

處理經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量（kg/ha）減產(chǎn)（kg/ha）減產(chǎn)率％產(chǎn)值元/ha肥料元/ha純收益元/haIIIIII平均0.05差異顯著OPT8203752385858104a

16207172814480OPT-N4828575855125366b-2738-33.8107329459787OPT-P7070756574767370a-733-9.014741135313388OPT-K7300777875667548a-556-6.915096115813938CK04978579848885221b-2883-35.610442010442FP7055892585438175a710.916349249313857農(nóng)學效率AE養(yǎng)分回收率(%)REN15.239.8P2O512.211.0K2O6.217.1衡水冬小麥OPT試驗1、MaterialandMethods

試驗位于衡水深州，試驗設計為6個處理，3次重復，隨機排列。ASI法土壤養(yǎng)分分析結(jié)果

mg/lSoilnutrientcontentresultsbyASImethodOM(%)NH4-NNO3-NPKCaMgSFeCuMnZnBpH0.629.319.335.8582456.6207.96.120.22.55.32.91.098.39衡水冬小麥OPT試驗方案kg/haTreatmentsFertilizationinputNP2O5K2O1OPT225120902OPT-N0120903OPT-P2250904OPT-K22512005CK00006FP2761680施肥對冬小麥產(chǎn)量和收益的影響ThewheatyieldandeconomicanalysisunderdifferentfertilizermanagementinHengshui,20212、ResultsandDiscussion

處理經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量（kg/ha）減產(chǎn)減產(chǎn)率產(chǎn)值肥料純收益IIIIII平均0.05差異顯著（kg/ha）％元/ha元/ha元/haOPT7326849683468056a0

16113229813814OPT-N6786622262826430b-1626-20.212861132011541OPT-P7290750678127536a-520-6.4615073154813524OPT-K7500782476807668a-388-4.8215337172913608CK06114613267266324b-1732-21.512649012649FP7452916280828232a1762.18416465225114214

農(nóng)學效率AE養(yǎng)分回收率(%)REN7.223.1P2O54.36.5K2O4.314.42021年主要研究工作冬小麥－夏玉米輪作下鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控冬小麥氮肥用量試驗

冬小麥氮肥基追比用量試驗

冬小麥OPT試驗夏玉米氮素養(yǎng)分管理試驗夏玉米OPT試驗大河玉米養(yǎng)分管理試驗1、MaterialandMethods

試驗位于鹿泉市大河村，試驗設計為6個處理，4次重復，隨機排列。ASI法土壤養(yǎng)分分析結(jié)果

mg/lSoilnutrientcontentresultsbyASImethodOM(%)NH4-NNO3-NPKCaMgSFeCuMnZnBpH0.854.68.725.675.12730.3231.550.816.31.82.91.80.858.1大河夏玉米養(yǎng)分管理試驗方案kg/ha處理內(nèi)容養(yǎng)分用量NP2O5K2O1EI-Nallyr24060902EI-N2/3yr060903EI-N0yr060904FP-Nallyr14013805FP-N2/3yr013806FP-N0yr013802、ResultsandDiscussion

施肥對夏玉米產(chǎn)量和收益的影響ThemaizeyieldandeconomicanalysisunderdifferentfertilizermanagementinDahe,2021處理經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量（kg/ha）減產(chǎn)減產(chǎn)率產(chǎn)值肥料純收益IIIIIIⅣ平均0.05差異顯著（kg/ha）％元/ha元/ha元/haEI-Nallyr77408250849083408205a

14769198912780EI-N2/3yr64807530726066006968b-1238-15.112542944.711597EI-N0yr74107770639066007043b-1163-14.212677944.711732FP-Nallyr80107050762077407605ab-600-7.3113689147212218FP-N2/3yr75306120714067506885b-720-9.4712393862.511531FP-N0yr67507800711061506953b-653-8.5812515862.511652

N農(nóng)學效率AEN養(yǎng)分回收率(%)REEI5.221.2FP5.117.0不同處理對農(nóng)學效率和養(yǎng)分利用率的影響2021年主要研究工作冬小麥－夏玉米輪作下鉀素循環(huán)與調(diào)控冬小麥氮肥用量試驗

冬小麥氮肥基追比用量試驗

冬小麥OPT試驗夏玉米氮素養(yǎng)分管理試驗夏玉米OPT試驗正定夏玉米OPT試驗1、MaterialandMethods試驗位于正定新城鋪，試驗設計為6個處理，4次重復，隨機排列。ASI法土壤養(yǎng)分分析結(jié)果

mg/lSoilnutrientcontentresultsbyASImethodOM(%)NH4-NNO3-NPKCaMgSFeCuMnZnBpH0.894.37.843.581.42199.6243.115.393.544.75.31.037.45正定夏玉米OPT試驗方案kg/haTreatmentsFertilizationinputNP2O5K2O1OPT27030902OPT-N030903OPT-P2700904OPT-K2703005CK00006FP178.535.535.52、ResultsandDiscussion

施肥對夏玉米產(chǎn)量和收益的影響ThemaizeyieldandeconomicanalysisunderdifferentfertilizermanagementinZhengding,2021處理經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量（kg/ha）減產(chǎn)（kg/ha）減產(chǎn)率％產(chǎn)值元/ha肥料元/ha純收益元/haIIIIIIⅣ平均0.05差異顯著OPT78328639771283378130a0

14634193212702OPT-N66617282617971226811b-1319-16.212260757.211503OPT-P80288228799581898110a-20-0.2414598174412854OPT-K77498218753676447787a-343-4.2214016136212654CK071726057623072086667a-1463-1812000012000FP81087935721580207819a-310-3.8214075122312852

農(nóng)學效率AE養(yǎng)分回收率(%)REN4.922.1P2O50.74.5K2O3.813.1大河夏玉米OPT試驗1、MaterialandMethods

試驗位于鹿泉市大河村，試驗設計為6個處理，4次重復，隨機排列。ASI法土壤養(yǎng)分分析結(jié)果

mg/lSoilnutrientcontentresultsbyASImethodOM(%)NH4-NNO3-NPKCaMgSFeCuMnZnBpH0.789.510.434.376.12625.9265.21.718.21.76.621.158.07大河夏玉米OPT試驗方案kg/haTreatmentsFertilizationinputNP2O5K2O1OPT24060902OPT-N060903OPT-P2400904OPT-K2406005CK00006FP14013802、ResultsandDiscussion

施肥對夏玉米產(chǎn)量和收益的影響ThemaizeyieldandeconomicanalysisunderdifferentfertilizermanagementinDahe,2021處理經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量（kg/ha）減產(chǎn)（kg/ha）減產(chǎn)率％產(chǎn)值元/ha肥料元/ha純收益元/haIIIIIIⅣ平均0.05差異顯著OPT81907800867079808160a

14688198912699OPT-N64507290669075606998b-1163-14.212596944.711651OPT-P82807830711081907853a-308-3.7714135161412521OPT-K7740792071407770