《汽車(chē)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)》習(xí)題答案

Unit1DevelopmentHistoryofAutomobile

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Howmanystageshavethebirthofthecarexperienced?

Thebirthofthecarhaveexperiencedthreestages.

2)Whoinventedtheinternalcombustionengine?

In1866,CountNicholasOttoputforwardthefamousworkingcycletheoryof

internalcombustionengine,namely“Ottocycle”.

3)Whichcountryisthebirthplaceofmoderncars?

Germanyisthebirthplaceofmoderncars.

4)Whatisthenewdirectionforthedevelopmentofautomotiveapplications?

Newenergy,especiallyelectricenergy,hasbecomethemostlikelyapplication

developmentdirectionofautomotiveindustryinrecentyears.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)vehicle汽車(chē)2)environment環(huán)境3)standardized標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化

4)enterprise公司5)monopoly壟斷6)electricenergy電能

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)In21Century,humanbeingsarefacingmoreseriousproblemssuchas

resourceshortage,energyshortage,andenvironmentalpollutionandsoon.Energy

conservation,environmentalprotectionandsafetyhavebecometheeternalthemeof

thedevelopmentoftheautomobileindustry.

進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，人類(lèi)面臨著資源短缺、能源短缺、環(huán)境污染等更為嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)

題。節(jié)能、環(huán)保、安全已成為汽車(chē)工業(yè)發(fā)展的永恒主題。

2)In1769,FrenchArmyEngineerNichoalsJosePSCugnot(1725-1804)

developedtheworld'sfirststeamcar,usingthesteamenginetechnologytothecar.

1769年，法國(guó)陸軍工程師尼考爾斯?約塞普斯?庫(kù)格諾(1725-1804)發(fā)明

了世界上第一輛蒸汽車(chē)，將蒸汽機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于汽車(chē)。

3)Ithasbeenmorethan100yearssincethebirthofthefirstcar.Duringthis

period,theautomobileindustryexperiencedthetransformationofstandardized,the

impactoftheeconomiccrisis,therapiddevelopmentafterWorldWarIIandthe

unprecedentedprosperityofthemarket.

從第一輛車(chē)誕生至今已經(jīng)有100多年了。這一時(shí)間內(nèi)，汽車(chē)工業(yè)經(jīng)歷了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

化的轉(zhuǎn)型、經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的沖擊、二戰(zhàn)后的快速發(fā)展和市場(chǎng)的空前繁榮。

4)In1980,Japan'stotalvehicleoutputreached11million40thousand,

surpassingtheUnitedStatesastheworld'slargestautomobileproducerandexporter.

1980年，日本汽車(chē)總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到1100萬(wàn)輛4萬(wàn)輛，超過(guò)美國(guó)成為世界上最大

的汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)國(guó)和出口國(guó)。

Unit2BrandCultureofAutomobile

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Whichcountrywasthecarinvented?

TheautomobilewasinventedinEurope,developedintheUnitedStates,expanded

inJapanandcontinuedinKorea.

2)WhatarethecharacteristicsofAmericanautomobilebrand?

Americanautomobilebrandisroomyandcomfortable,simpleandpractical,safety

andenvironmentalprotection.

3)WhataretheadvantagesoftheJanpancars?

Japanesecarsareoftensmalldisplacementengines,andfuel-savingtechnologyis

veryadvanced,maintenanceandmaintenancecostsarerelativelysmall,theuseof

costisverylow.Inautomobiledesign,theselectionofmaterialsisveryscientific,can

createacomfortable,warmatmosphere,andemphasizethegreatestcomfort,

convenience.

4)Whataretherepresentativebrandsofdomesticcars?

DomesticbrandscarsincludeChery,Huachen,Geely,FAWandsoon.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)merger合并2)style類(lèi)型，風(fēng)格3)influence影響4)

capability能力5)brandculture品牌文化6)coverup掩蓋7)accordingto

根據(jù)，依據(jù)

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)Beforethecarappeared,theheroicspiritofthewesternAmericancowboy

conqueredtheworld.

在汽車(chē)出現(xiàn)之前，美國(guó)西部牛仔的英雄精神征服了世界。

2)Europeancarsaresmaller,plainerinterior,rigidandtraditionalinappearance,

butthereisalwaysauniquetemperament,whichshouldbeappreciatedslowly.

歐系車(chē)體積更小，內(nèi)飾更樸素，外觀硬朗傳統(tǒng)，但總有一種獨(dú)特的氣質(zhì)，應(yīng)該

慢慢欣賞。

3)Ofcourse,theGermancarpursuesluxuryandluxury,anditalsomakesacertain

degreeofdifficultyforthemarketdevelopment.BMW,VolkswagenandMercedesare

typicalrepresentativeofGermancars.

當(dāng)然，德系車(chē)追求的是豪華，這也給市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了一定的難度。寶馬、大

眾和梅賽德斯是德國(guó)汽車(chē)的典型代表。

4)Atpresent,therearestillsomedifferencesintheoveralldesignand

manufacturinglevelofdomesticautomobilebrandswithEuropeanandJapanesecars,

whichshowsthelackofthreemajorsystemdesigncapabilities(body,chassis,engine),

andthelackofexcellentproductswithindependentintellectualpropertyrights.

目前國(guó)內(nèi)汽車(chē)品牌與歐系和日系車(chē)在整體設(shè)計(jì)制造水平上還存在一定差距，表

現(xiàn)為缺乏車(chē)身、底盤(pán)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)三大系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)能力，缺乏具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的優(yōu)秀

產(chǎn)品。

Unit3MassCultureofAutomobile

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whatisthemassculture?

Masscultureisakindofcultureemergedfromthedevelopmentofindustrial

societyandthetechnologicalrevolution,especiallythetechnologicalrevolution.

2)WhatarethecharacteristicsofJapaneseautomobilecity?

Toyotahasapopulationof280,000anditsemployeesserveToyotaMotor

Company.Workersover20yearsoldcanbeassignedtoaToyotavehicle.Theexport

portofToyotacityisNagoya,whichhastheworld'sfirstandthelargestcapacityof

50thousandToyotaspecialpurposewharf.

3)Whatarethefivemostinternationalautomobileexhibitionsnowrecognizedby

theinternationalcommunityintheworld?

Theworld'sfivemostinternationalautomobileexhibitionsnowrecognizedby

theinternationalcommunityare:FrankMotorShow>TokyoMotorShow>NorthAmerican

InternationalAutoShow>GenevaInternationalAutoShow、ParisMotorShow.

4)Whatkindsoftheautomobileathleticsarethere?

FIA,FISA,FASC.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese

1)countless數(shù)不清的2)courage勇氣3)battle戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)4)

pavilion搭帳篷；建筑物5)high-risk高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)6)meansof意味著

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese

1)DetroitisthelargestautomotiveindustrialbaseintheUnitedStates,wherethe

headquartersofGM,FordandChryslerarelocated.

底特律是美國(guó)最大的汽車(chē)工業(yè)基地，通用、福特和克萊斯勒的總部都設(shè)在這

里。

2)Toyotacity,withapopulationofabout41,000,istheheadquartersofthe

famousJapaneseautomobilebrandTOYOTA,soitiscalledtheautomobilecityof

J叩an.

豐田城人口約4.1萬(wàn)，是日本著名汽車(chē)品牌豐田的總部，因此被稱(chēng)為日本汽

車(chē)城。

3)Comparedwithordinarysports,automobilesportsarenotonlythe

competitionofindividualskill,willandcourage,butalsothecompetitionof

automobiledesignandproductquality.

與普通體育相比，汽車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)不僅是個(gè)人技能、意志和勇氣的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，更是汽車(chē)

設(shè)計(jì)和產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

Unit4ConsumptionCultureofAutomotive

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whatarethebuyingmotivesofconsumers?

RealisticMotivation,SeekingCheapMotivation,SeekingBrandMotivation,

SeekingNewMotivation

2)Whatarethefactorsthataffectconsumers*purchaseofcars?

VehiclePerformance,CarBrandandAfter-saleService,FamilyConsumption

Psychology,PoliciesandRegulations

3)Whyshouldwehavetogotoaregularcardealertobuyacar?

Governmentdepartmentsrequireautodealerstoobtainauthorizationfromthe

manufacturerinordertohavesalesqualifications,soconsumersmustbuycars

throughthenormalchannelsauthorizedbythemanufacturer.

4)Whatarethebaddrivinghabitsthatshouldbeavoided?

Engineidling,steponacceleratorpedalfbruseless,alwayspushtheclutch,

emergencyBraking.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese

1)etiquette禮儀2)conspicuous顯眼的3)identity身份4)

loan貸款5)steeringwheel方向盤(pán)6)relatedto與...相關(guān)7)pickup拿

起，撿起

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese

1)Thetrendofconsumersbuyingcarsistoconsiderbothfuelconsumptionand

powertheenginesoftenhavegoodpowerperformanceinlargedisplacementandhigh

power,butthefuelconsumptionisrelativelyhigh.

消費(fèi)者購(gòu)車(chē)的趨勢(shì)是兼顧油耗和動(dòng)力，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在大排量、大功率時(shí)往往具有良好

的動(dòng)力性能，但油耗相對(duì)較高。

2)Theprocessofbuyingacarisnotonlyaprocessofbuyingproducts,butalsoa

processofafter-saleserviceforconsumervehicles.

購(gòu)車(chē)的過(guò)程不僅僅是購(gòu)買(mǎi)產(chǎn)品的過(guò)程，更是消費(fèi)車(chē)輛售后服務(wù)的過(guò)程。

3)Costperformancereferstotheratiooftheperformanceandpriceofacar.

Performancemainlyreferstovehiclesafety,power,fueleconomy,handlingand

comfort.

性?xún)r(jià)比是指汽車(chē)的性能與價(jià)格之比。性能主要是指車(chē)輛的安全性、動(dòng)力性、燃

油經(jīng)濟(jì)性、操控性和舒適性。

4)Itisabsolutelynecessarytowarmthecarproperlybeforedrivingintheearly

morning,especiallywhenthecoldcarisontheroad.

在清晨開(kāi)車(chē)前，尤其是寒冷的汽車(chē)在路上行駛時(shí)，對(duì)汽車(chē)進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)念A(yù)熱是絕

對(duì)必要的。

Unit5Internalcombustionenginestructuresandprinciples

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Pleasewritedownthedefinitionandthecompositionsofan“engine”.

Theengineistheheartofthecar,providingpowerforthecar*swalking.Simply

speaking,theengineisanenergyconversionmechanism.Theyarecomposedoftwo

majorinstitutionsandfivemajorsystems,namely:crankLinkagemechanism,valve

train,supplysystem,lubricationsystem,coolingsystem,ignitionsystem(not

availablefordieselengine)andstartingsystem.

2)Pleasewritedownofallclassificationsofastarter.

①Classifiedbycontroldevice

Direct-operatedstarter,electromagneticallyoperatedstarter

②Classificationaccordingtothemeshingmodeofthetransmissionmechanism

Inertialmeshingstarter,forcedmeshstarter,armaturemobilestarter,gearmobile

starter,decelerationstarter

③Whatarethefunctionsofacoolingsystem?

Thecoolingsystemistopreventtheenginefromoverheatingtothepartsaround

thecombustionchamber.

④Pleaselistalllubricationmethods.

Oilpressurelubrication,Oilsplashlubrication,Greaselubrication

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)combustion燃燒2)install安裝3)transmission傳輸；變速器4)

emission排放5)distribution分配，分派6)energyconversionmechanism能

量轉(zhuǎn)換裝置7)cylinderhead汽缸蓋8)engineintakemanifold發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)氣歧

管

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)Thisisaneraofcreativity.Theenginedesignersconstantlyintegratethelatest

technologywiththeengine,turningtheengineintoacomplexmechatronicproduct,

whichmakestheengineperformancenearlyperfect.

這是一個(gè)充滿創(chuàng)造力的時(shí)代。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)人員不斷將最新技術(shù)與發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相結(jié)合，

使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)成為一個(gè)復(fù)雜的機(jī)電一體化產(chǎn)品，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能幾近完美。

2)Duringthepowerstroke,thepistonissubjectedtolinearmotioninthecylinder

bythegaspressure,convertedintoarotarymotionofthecrankshaftthroughthe

connectingrod,andexternallyoutputspowerfromthecrankshaft.

在做功沖程中，活塞在氣缸中受到氣體壓力的線性運(yùn)動(dòng)，通過(guò)連桿轉(zhuǎn)換為曲軸的

旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，并從曲軸外部輸出動(dòng)力。

3)Therefore,theentireprocessinwhichthecrankshaftstartstorotateunderthe

actionofanexternalforceuntiltheenginestartstoautomaticallyidleiscalledthe

startoftheengine.

因此，曲軸在外力作用下開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)直至發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)開(kāi)始自動(dòng)怠速的整個(gè)過(guò)程稱(chēng)為發(fā)動(dòng)

機(jī)起動(dòng)。

4)Thebasictaskofanelectronicallycontrolledfuelinjectionsystemistoreduce

theharmfulemissionsofenginefuelsasaprimarygoal,takingintoaccountasmuch

aspossibletheotherperformancerequirementsoftheengine.

電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)的基本任務(wù)是以減少發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)燃油的有害排放為首要目標(biāo)，同時(shí)

盡可能地考慮發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的其他性能要求。

Unit6ChassisStructureandPrinciple

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Pleasewritedownthefunctionsandlistfourpartsofachassis.

Thefunctionofthechassisistosupportandinstalltheautomobileengineandits

variouscomponentsandassembliestoformtheoverallshapeofthecar,andto

receivethepoweroftheenginetomakethecarmoveandensurenormaldriving.The

chassisconsistsofadrivetrain,adrivingsystem,asteeringsystemandabrake

system.

2)Whatarethecommonlayoutsofmechanicaldrivetrains?

Thecommonlayoutofmechanicaldrivetrainsismainlyrelatedtothepositionof

theengineandthedrivetypeofthecar.

3)Whatarethreemaindifferencesbetweenmanualandautomaticgears?

First,thecontrolmethodisdifferent.Manualgearrequiresthedriverto

cooperatewiththeclutchforshiftingoperation,whiletheautomaticgearisoperated

bythegearboxaccordingtothesetgearratiowithoutmanualintervention.

Second,thefeelingofdrivingisdifferent.Themanualfileemphasizesthe

subjectiveinitiativeofthepersonandcanfullyarousethedriver'sdrivingdesireanda

certainsenseofaccomplishment.

Third,thefuelconsumptionisdifferent.Forthesamebrandanddisplacementcar,

themanualtransmissionisabout10%morefuelefficientthantheautomatic

transmission.

4)Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofadiscbrake?

①Generally,thereisnofrictionalauxiliaryeffect,sothebrakeperformanceis

lessaffectedbythefrictioncoefficient,thatis,theperformanceisrelativelystable;

②Afterthewaterimmersion,itsefficiencyisreducedless,anditonlyneedsto

bebrakedonceortwicetoreturntonormal;

③Inthecaseofthesameoutputbrakingtorque,thesizeandqualityare

generallysmall;

④Theamountofthermalexpansionofthebrakediscinthethicknessdirectionis

extremelysmall,andthebrakegapisnotsignificantlyincreasedlikethethermal

expansionofthebrakedrum,therebycausingthebrakepedalstroketobeexcessive;

@Itiseasiertoachieveautomaticadjustmentofthegap,andothermaintenance

andrepairoperationsarealsorelativelysimple;

Thedisadvantagesofthediscbrakeareasfollows:

①Lowperformance.Therefore,thebrakeactuationlinepressurerequiredfor

thehydraulicbrakesystemishigh.Aservodeviceisgenerallyused.

②Whenthediscbrakeisusedfortheparkingbrake,theparkingbrakedeviceto

beinstalledismorecomplicatedthanthedrumbrake,andthustheapplicationonthe

rearwheelislimited.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)chassis底盤(pán)2)interrupt打斷，阻斷3)clutch離合器4)elasticity彈力，

彈性5)electronic電子的6)adhesion黏附，黏著7)friction摩擦，摩擦力

8)stability穩(wěn)定,穩(wěn)定性9)rearwheeldrive后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)10)manualtransmission

手動(dòng)變速器11)automatictransmission自動(dòng)變速器12)antilockbrakingsystem

防抱死制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)13)steeringbridge轉(zhuǎn)向橋

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)Therearoftheenginecanmakethefrontaxlenoteasytooverload,andcan

makefulluseofthecararea.Itcanalsoeffectivelyreducetheheightofthecarfloor

ormakefulluseofthespaceunderthefloorofthecartoplaceluggage,whichisalso

beneficialtoreducetheimpactofthehightemperatureandnoiseoftheengineonthe

driver.

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的后部可以使前橋不易超載，并且可以充分利用車(chē)內(nèi)面積。它還可以有

效降低汽車(chē)地板的高度或充分利用汽車(chē)地板下的空間放置行李，這也有利于減少

發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的高溫和噪音對(duì)駕駛員的影響。

2)Anotherdisadvantageisthebrakefunction.Inadditiontothebrakingeffectof

thebrakes,theengineitselfalsohasabrakingeffect:whenthethrottleisreleased,the

brakingeffectoftheenginebeginstofunction.

另一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)是制動(dòng)功能。除了剎車(chē)的剎車(chē)效果，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)本身也有剎車(chē)效果：當(dāng)

油門(mén)松開(kāi)時(shí)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的剎車(chē)效果開(kāi)始發(fā)揮作用。

3)Theelectricassistismainlycomposedofasensor,acontrolunitandabooster

motor.Thestructureoftheelectricpowerassistisverysimple.Thereisnohydraulic

pump,hydraulicline,steeringcolumnvalvebodyandotherstructuresofthehydraulic

powerassistsystem.

電輔助主要由傳感器、控制單元和增壓電機(jī)組成。電力輔助裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)非常簡(jiǎn)

單。液壓助力系統(tǒng)沒(méi)有液壓泵、液壓管路、轉(zhuǎn)向柱閥體等結(jié)構(gòu)。

Unit7ElectricalSystemandPrinciple

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whatarethecomponentsofelectricalequipmentelements?

Therearemanytypesofelectricalequipmentonthecar,butthebasicelectrical

equipmentcanberoughlydividedintothestartingsystem,theignitionsystem,the

lightingandsignalsystem,theinformationdisplaysystem,theauxiliaryelectrical

systemandtheelectroniccontrolsystem.

2)Whatisthefunctionoftheignitionsystem?

Thefunctionoftheignitionsystemistogenerateanelectricsparkthatignitesthe

combustiblemixture.

3)Whatarethecharacteristicsofautomotiveelectricalequipment?

Lowervoltage,directcun*entsingle-wire,systemnegativegrounding

4)Howmanymaintypesofbatteriesareusedinfuelvehicles?Whatarethey?

Atpresent,therearetwomaintypesofbatteriesusedinfuelvehicles:lead-acid

batteries(hereinafterreferredtoasleadbatteries)andnickel-alkalibatteries.

5)Whatarethemethodsofbatterycharging?

Constantcurrentchargingmethod,constantvoltagechargingmethod,improved

constantcurrentchargingmethod,pulsefastchargingmethod

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese

1)auxiliary輔助的，輔助人員2)centrallockingsystem中控鎖系統(tǒng)3)gauge

測(cè)量4)transistor晶體管5)aluminafilter氧化鋁過(guò)濾器6)grounding接地7)

over-partitionconnector跨越式連接器8)thyristorrectifiercharger晶閘管整流器充

電器9)electrolyte電解質(zhì)10)pulsefastcharging脈沖快速充電

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese

1)Thebatterysuppliespowertothestarterwhenstartingtheengine,andsupplies

powertothepowereddevicewhenthegeneratorisnotworking.

蓄電池在起動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)向起動(dòng)機(jī)供電，在發(fā)電機(jī)不工作時(shí)向動(dòng)力裝置供電。

2)Theignitionsystemisdividedintotwocategories:electronicignitionsystemand

computercontrolledignitionsystem.

點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)分為兩類(lèi)：電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)和電腦控制點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)。

3)Thedetectionsystemincludesvariousmeasuringinstrumentssuchas

voltmeters,ammeters,watertemperaturemeters,oilpressuregauges,fuelgauges,

speedometers,enginetachometersandvariouswarninglightstomonitortheoperation

oftheengineandotherdevices.

檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)包括電壓表、電流表、水溫表、機(jī)油壓力表、燃油表、車(chē)速表、發(fā)

動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速表等各種測(cè)量?jī)x器和各種警示燈，用于監(jiān)測(cè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)和其他裝置的運(yùn)行情

況。

4)Abatteryisachemicalpowersourcethatreliesonitsinternalchemical

reactionstostoreelectricalenergyortopowerelectricalequipment.

電池是一種化學(xué)電源，依靠其內(nèi)部的化學(xué)反應(yīng)來(lái)儲(chǔ)存電能或?yàn)殡姎庠O(shè)備供電。

5)Anelectrolytedensitymeterisinstalledinsidethebatterytoautomatically

displaythestoragestateofthebatteryandtheleveloftheelectrolyteliquidlevel.

蓄電池內(nèi)裝有電解液密度計(jì)，可自動(dòng)顯示蓄電池的儲(chǔ)存狀態(tài)和電解液液位。

6)Theadvantagesofconstantvoltagechargingare:fastchargingspeed,short

chargingtime,andchargingcurrentICwillgraduallydecreasetozeroasthe

electromotiveforceErises,sothatchargingautomaticallystopswithoutmanual

adjustmentandcare.

恒壓充電的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：充電速度快，充電時(shí)間短，充電電流IC會(huì)隨著電動(dòng)勢(shì)

E的升高而逐漸減小到零，充電自動(dòng)停止，無(wú)需人工調(diào)整和維護(hù)。

7)Theadvantagesofimprovedconstantcurrentchargingareasfollows:the

activematerialcanbereduced,andthebatterycanbefullycharged.

改進(jìn)后恒流充電的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：可以減少活性物質(zhì)，使電池完全充滿電。

8)Therelativedensityoftheelectrolytehasagreatinfluenceontheoperationof

theelectricitystorage.Therelativedensityincreases,thefreezingpointofthe

electrolytedecreases,theriskoffreezingdecreases,andthecapacityofthebattery

canbeincreased.

電解液的相對(duì)密度對(duì)儲(chǔ)能裝置的運(yùn)行有很大的影響。相對(duì)密度增加，電解液

的冰點(diǎn)降低，結(jié)冰的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低，電池的容量可以增加。

9)Themethodofwetstorageistofullychargetheliquidtothenormalheight.

Aftersealingtheventholeoftheliquidfillingplug,placeitinthedarkplace.

濕式儲(chǔ)電的方法是將液體充滿到正常高度。封好充液塞的通氣孔后，放在陰

暗處。

Unit8CarBody

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whatdoesthecarbodyconsistof?

Thebodyincludes:thebody-in-whiteandtheaccessories.Thebody-in-white

usuallyreferstothewhite-skinnedbodythathasbeenweldedbutnotyetpainted.

2)Howdoesthebodystructuremade?

Thebodystructureismadebystamping,welding,paintingandfinalassembly.

3)Whataretheclassificationsofthefrontbodystructure?

Forthenon-loadedbearingtypeoffrontbodystructurecar,thecarframeis

equippedwitharadiator,engine,partialtransmission,frontsuspension,etc.

4)Whatisthefrontpanel?Whatisitsfunction?

Thefrontpanelisthelargestampingwhichisusedtoseparatetheengine

compartmentandthecar.Thesurfaceiscoatedwithmaterialssuchasheatinsulation

andsoundinsulation.Thisistopreventtheenginecompartmentfromhigh

temperatureandnoisewhichwillaffecttheoccupantsinthecabin.Atthesametime,

thefrontpanelhassufficientstrengthandrigidityduetothelargetorsionalstiffness.

5)Whatistheneutralpillarusedto?

Theneutralpillarisusedtosupporttheroofofthecar,whilealsobearingthe

supportofthefrontandreardoors.

6)Whatarethemainfeaturesofsidewall?

①Thesidewallstructureontheiroutersurfacesmustconformtothecurved

surfacesrequiredfortheshapeofthebody.②Inordertoincreasethestrengthand

rigidityofthesidewallstructure,mostofthesidewallstructuralmembersadopta

closedcrosssection,andareinforcingplateisalsousedtostrengthenthemounting

doorhinge.Thesidewallisaload-bearingstructurewithalargerigidity,andlocal

deformationisnotallowed.Otherwise,thedoorwillsinkandthesealingofthedoor

willbedamaged.③Eachstructuralelementofthesidewallisrequiredtohavea

specialshape,andhasaspecialgrooveononesideofthedoor,andisusedfbr

installingasealingstriptoensurethesealingofthedoorwhenfittingwiththedoor.

7)Whatarethemainpartsoffrontbodycover?

Themainpartsoffrontbodycoverarehood,frontfender,topcover.

8)Whatisthefunctionofthecar'stopcover?

Thecar'stopcoveristoprovidethepassengerswithasafeandcomfortabledriving

andridingenvironment,sothattheoccupantsarenotexposedtothewind.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese

1)weld焊接，爆接2)beam橫梁3)collision碰撞4)fender擋泥板5)

hood罩，覆蓋6)compartment(鐵路客車(chē)車(chē)廂分隔成的)隔間7)rigidity剛性

8)rear后面9)trunklid行李箱蓋10)sidewallstructure側(cè)圍結(jié)構(gòu)11)floor

assembly地板總成12)reardoorpillar后門(mén)柱

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese

1)Thebody-in-whiteusuallyreferstothewhite-skinnedbodythathasbeenwelded

butnotyetpainted.Itismainlyusedtoindicatetheweldingstructureofthebodyand

thecover,andalsoincludesthefrontandrearplateparts.

白車(chē)身通常指已焊接但尚未涂漆的車(chē)身。主要指的是車(chē)身與蓋的焊接結(jié)構(gòu)，也

包括前后板部分。

2)Acarisafour-wheeledcarthatcarriespeopleandpersonalbelongingsandis

placedbetweentwoaxes.Thefunctionofthecarbodyistoprovideamore

comfortablerideenvironmentandcertainsafetyprotectionmeasuresforthe

occupants.

汽車(chē)是一種四輪交通工具，在兩軸之間載人和物。車(chē)身的功能是為乘員提供更

舒適的乘坐環(huán)境和一定的安全保護(hù)措施。

3)Itconsistsoftheskeletonstructureofthebody.Itiscomposedofthebody

structureandthebodycovers.Itistheskeletonofthemainload-bearingelement.

它包含車(chē)身的骨架結(jié)構(gòu)，由車(chē)身結(jié)構(gòu)和車(chē)身蓋組成，是主要承重構(gòu)件的骨架。

4)Thefrontheadlightframe,thefrontbeam,andthehoodfrontsupportplateare

weldedtoformalateralload-bearingunitofthefrontstructureofthevehiclebody.

前大燈框、前橫梁、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)罩前支撐板焊接成車(chē)身前部結(jié)構(gòu)的橫向承載單元。

5)Thefrontwallassemblyiscomposedofafrontwalluppercoverassembly,a

frontwallsidepanel,afrontwallpanel,asteeringcolumnbracketbeamandthelike.

前圍總成由前圍上蓋總成、前圍側(cè)板、前圍板、轉(zhuǎn)向柱支架梁等組成。

6)Forthemini-carorsmallordinarycar,inordertomeettherequirementsof

economyandlightweight,thestructureoftheuppercoverissimplified,andthefront

coverusuallyadoptsanopensectionandisassembledwiththeinstrumentpanelto

achievesufficientstrength.

對(duì)于微型車(chē)或小型普通車(chē)來(lái)說(shuō)，為了滿足經(jīng)濟(jì)、輕量化的要求，上蓋的結(jié)構(gòu)

進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)化，前蓋一般采用開(kāi)口設(shè)計(jì)，并與儀表板組裝，以達(dá)到足夠的強(qiáng)度。

Unit9BladeElectricVehicles

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText.

1)Whatarethemaintypesofnewenergyvehicles?

Pureelectricvehicle,bladeelectricvehicle,fuelcellvehicle

2)Whataretheadvantagesofpermanentmagnetbrushlessmotors?

Thereisnoneedtoreplacethecarbonbrushandreliableoperation.

3)Whatarethecharacteristicsofapureelectricvehicledrivesystem?

Electricvehiclesarequietandstableinoperation,anddonotproduceexhaustgas.

2.TranslatetheFollowingWordsintoChinese.

1)hybrid混合的，雜交的2)alternative可供替代的3)fuelcell燃

料電池4)DCmotor直流電機(jī)5)ACmotor交流電機(jī)6)lithiumbattery鋰電

池7)efficiency效率，功率

3.TranslatetheFollowingSentencesintoChinese.

1)Abladeelectricvehicleisavehiclethatusesasinglebatteryasanenergy

storagepowersource.Itusesabatteryasapowersourceforstoringenergy,and

suppliespowertothemotorthroughthebatterytodrivethemotortorun,thereby

drivingthevehicle.

純電動(dòng)車(chē)是一種使用單個(gè)電池作為儲(chǔ)能電源的車(chē)輛。它利用電池作為儲(chǔ)能的動(dòng)

力源，通過(guò)電池向電機(jī)供電，驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，從而驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輛。

2)Thedevelopmentofpureelectricvehicles,despiteexperiencedmanyupsand

downs,butwiththedevelopmentandapplicationofvarioushigh-techlithium-ion

powerbatteries,high-efficiencyelectricdrivesystems,andthesociety'sdeep

understandingoftheconceptofzeroemissions,pureelectricvehicleshavebeengiven

newvitality.

純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的發(fā)展，盡管經(jīng)歷了許多波折，但隨著各種高科技鋰離子動(dòng)力電

池、高效電驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)發(fā)和應(yīng)用，以及社會(huì)對(duì)零排放理念的深刻理解，純電動(dòng)

汽車(chē)被賦予了新的生命力。

3)Sincethepureelectricvehicleusesthebatteryasthesoleenergysource,the

performanceindexesofthebatterylargelydeterminethedrivingperformanceofthe

vehicle,suchasthedrivingrangeofthepureelectricvehicleandthedynamic

performanceoftheacceleration(orclimbing)respectively.

由于純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)使用電池作為唯一的能源，電池的性能指標(biāo)在很大程度上決

定了汽車(chē)的行駛性能，如純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的行駛里程和加速(或爬坡)的動(dòng)態(tài)性能。

UnitlOHybridVehicle

Exercises

1.QuestionstotheText

1)Whydevelopahybridcar?

Itisduetotheimpactofthefirstenergycrisis,environmentalprotection,and

globalwarming;thefocusonfueleconomyandCO2greenhousegasemissionshas

increased.

2)Howtodefineahybridcar?

ReferringtotherelevantliteratureoftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),

whichdefinesahybridvehicle,avehiclewiththefollowingcharacteristicsofenergy

andpowertransmissionroutesiscalledahybridvehicle:

①Theenergytransmittedtothewheelstopropelthevehicle'smotioncomes

fromatleasttwodifferentenergyconversiondevices(eg,internalcombustionengines,

gasturbines,Stirlingengines,electricmotors,hydraulicmotors,fuelcells).

②Theseconversiondevicesmustdrawenergyfromatleasttwodifferentenergy

storagedevices(suchasfueltanks,batteries,flywheels,supercapacitors,

high-pressurehydrogenstoragetanks,etc.).

(3)Atleastoneofthesepassagesfromtheenergystoragedevicetothewheelis

reversible(bothenergyandenergycanbeabsorbed),andatleastoneofthemis

irreversible.

④Reversibleenergystoragedevicessupplyelectricalenergy.

3)Whataretheadvantagesofthehybridcars?

Theenginecanbeoperatedstablyintheoptimumworkingconditionarea,

therebyreducingsewageandfuelconsumption.Thevehiclescanbedrivenbypure

electricmeansindenselypopulatedcommercialareasandresidentialareastoachieve

“zeroemissions”.Recoveringtheenergyofthecarduringdecelerationandbrakingby

themotor,furtherreducingtheenergyconsumptionandemissionpollutionof