2023年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷（一）及答案

試題來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除試題來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除試題來(lái)源于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除2023年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷（一）及答案PartⅠWriting1、Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence

"Todaythereisagrowingawarenessthatmentalwell-beingneedstobegivenasmuchattentionasphysicalhealth."

Youcanmakecomments,citeexamplesoruseyourpersonalexperiencestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast

150

wordsbutnomorethan

200

words.

PartⅡListeningComprehension

SectionADirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.2、A．Itwasspaciousandtranquil.

B．Itwaswarmandcomfortable.

C．Itwasshabbyandsolitary.

D．Itwastinyandnoisy.3、A．Shenolongerhatespeopletalkingloudlyinthedorm.

B．Shemissesherroommatessheusedtocomplainabout.

C．Shebeginstoenjoythemoviessheoncefoundirritating.

D．Shefindsthecrowdeddormascozyashernewapartment.4、A．Hefoundtheapartmentperfectlyfurnished.

B．Hehadafeelingofdespairandfrustration.

C．Hehadasimilarfeelingtothewoman's.

D．Hefeltthenewplacewaslikeparadise.5、A．Gotoseethewoman'sapartment.

B．Makeaphonecalltohisparents.

C．Buysomefurnitureforthewoman.

D．Decoratethewoman'sapartment.6、A．Heworksasaliterarycritic.

B．Hehostsaneducationalprogram.

C．Hehasinitiatedauniversityreform.

D．Hehaspublishedabookrecently.7、A．Itfailstokeepupwiththeradicalchangesofsociety.

B．Itfailstoensureuniversitiesgetsufficientresources.

C．Ithasnotpreparedyoungpeopleforthejobmarket.

D．Ithasnotfosteredthegrowthoftheartsdisciplines.8、A．Moreofthebudgetshouldgotoscienceandtechnology.

B．Theunderfundedmusicdisciplineshouldbeprioritized.

C．Subdisciplineslikesculptureshouldgetmorefunding.

D．Literatureshouldgetasmuchfundingasengineering.9、A．Buildaprosperousnation.

B．Makeskilledprofessionals.

C．Createingeniousartists.

D．Cultivatebettercitizens.

SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.10、A．Itisquitecommon.

B．Itisrarelynoticed.

C．Itseldomannoyspeople.

D．Itoccurswhenoneisalone.11、A．Seeingthingsinblackandwhite.

B．Engaginginregularcontemplation.

C．Havingaspecialunderstandingofcreativity.

D．Knowinghowtomaketheirmentalbatterieswork.12、A．Engaginginintenseactivity.

B．Fantasizinginone'sdowntime.

C．Workingonaparticularproject.

D．Reflectingduringone'srelaxation.13、A．FarmershelpedNativeAmericansgrowcrops.

B．Therewereexpansiveuniversitycampuses.

C．Thereexistedpostoffices.

D．Migrantsfoundgoldthere.14、A．IthelpedtoboosttheeconomyintheAmericanWest.

B．Itprovidedjobopportunitiesformanygoldseekers.

C．Itextendedtheinfluenceofthefederalgovernment.

D．Itkeptpeopleinthedesertsandplainsconnected.15、A．ItemployedNativeAmericanstoworkaspostmen.

B．Itcommissionedprivatewagonstocarrythemail.

C．Itsubsidizedthelocalswhoactedaspostmasters.

D．Itcentralizedpostalservicesinitsremoteareas.16、A．Heanalyzedinteractivemapsofmailroutes.

B．Hereadalargecollectionofbooksonthetopic.

C．Heexamineditshistoricaltrendswithdatascience.

D．Hecollecteddataaboutitsimpactonlocalbusiness.

SectionCDirections:

Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet1

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.17、A．Higherlevelsofanxietymayimprovepeople'smemory.

B．Someexperiencesareeasiertorememberthanothers.

C．Mostpeopletendtorememberthingsselectively.

D．Simplethingsmayleaveadeepimpressiononone'smemory.18、A．Theyclassifiedtheparticipants'mindset.

B．Theyshowedsomephotostotheparticipants.

C．Theymeasuredtheparticipants'anxietylevels.

D．Theytestedthesizeoftheparticipants'vocabulary.19、A．Anxietyhasbecomeaseriousproblemforanincreasingnumberofpeople.

B．Extremelevelsofanxietycanadverselyaffectcognitiveperformance.

C．Peoplediagnosedwithanxietydisordermayforgetthingsselectively.

D．Thereisnodirectcorrelationbetweenmemoryandlevelsofanxiety.20、A．Theycompareproductsfromdifferentcompaniesbeforemakingachoice.

B．Theygetinformationfromotherconsumers'postingsandcomments.

C．Theylosepatiencewhentheirphonecallisnopromptlyanswered.

D．Theyexpecttogetinstantaneousresponsestotheirinquiry.21、A．Givingthemrewardsonthespot.

B．Broadeningtheirscopeofinterest.

C．Speakingdirectlytotheiremotions.

D．Focusingonthedetailsoftheproduct.22、A．Changetherulesofthegameinthemarketeveryyear.

B．Keepupwiththelatesttechnologicaldevelopments.

C．Learnfromtechnologicalinnovatorstodobusiness.

D．Makegreatereffortstobuildupconsumers'confidence.23、A．Peoplehaveonlyonesocialengagementperweek.

B．Workingtogetherenhancesfriendship.

C．Fewpeoplehavedevotedfriends.

D．Friendshipsbenefitwork.24、A．Theimpactoffriendsonpeople'sself-esteem.

B．Howsupportivefriendscanbeintheworkplace.

C．Howtoboostone'ssenseofvalueandworthiness.

D．Theroleoffamilyticsinpeople'smentalwell-being.25、A．Theyshowlittleinterestintheirfriends'work.

B．Theytendtobemuchmoredifficulttomake.

C．Theyaremoretrustworthyandreliable.

D．Theyincreasepeople'sjobsatisfaction.26、A．Allowemployeestohaveaflexibleworkschedule.

B．Encourageemployeestobefriendswithcolleagues.

C．Helpemployeesbalanceworkandfamilyresponsibilities.

D．Organizeactivitiestonourishfriendshipsoutsideofwork.

PartⅢReadingComprehension

SectionADirections:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Scientistsrecentlyexaminedstudiesondogintelligenceandcomparedthemwithresearchintothemindsofotherintelligentanimals.Theresearchersfoundthatdogsareamongthemoreintelligent

carnivores

(食肉動(dòng)物),socialhuntersanddomesticanimals,butthattheirintelligencedoesnot

27

otherintelligentanimalsinanyofthosecategories.Thoughasignificantbodyofresearchhasexamineddogcognition

28

,theauthorsofthisnewstudyfoundlittletowarrantthe

29

ofworkthathasbeendevotedtothetopic.

StephenLea,leadauthorofthenewstudy,arguesthatmanyresearchersseemtohavedesignedtheirstudiesto

30

howcleverdogsare,ratherthansimplytostudydogs'brains.Leaandacolleagueexaminedmorethan300studiesofdogcognition,comparingthestudies'resultswiththosefromresearchintootheranimals.Theresearchersmadespecificcomparisonsbetweenthedifferentspeciesindifferentcategoriesofintelligence.Thesecomparisons

31

thatdogsareintelligent,buttheirintelligenceisnotas

32

assomeresearchersmighthavebelieved.

Inmanyareas,though,comparisonswerenotpossible.Forexample,theresearchersnotedthatbothdogsandcatsareknowntobeabletorecognizeand

33

humanvoices.Buttheinvestigatorscouldnotfindanydatatoindicatewhichspeciescanrememberagreaternumberof

34

humanvoices,soitwasimpossibletocomparethetwoonthatfront.However,notallresearchersagree

35

withthefindingsofthisstudy.ZacharySilver,anAmericanresearcher,believestheauthorsofthenewstudy

36

theideathatanexcessiveamountofresearchhasbeendevotedtodogs,asthefieldofdogcognitionisyoung,andthereismuchtobelearnedabouthowdogsthink.

A.affirmed

B.approximately

C.completely

D.differentiate

E.distinct

F.domain

G.formidable

H.outperformed

I.overstated

J.pledge

K.previously

L.prospective

M.prove

N.surpass

O.volume

SectionBDirections:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2.Thelifesavingpowerofgratitude

A.Gratitudemaybemorebeneficialthanwecommonlysuppose.Onerecentstudyaskedparticipantstowriteanoteofthankstosomeoneandthenestimatehowsurprisedandhappytherecipientwouldfeel—animpactthattheyconsistentlyunderestimated.Anotherstudyassessedthehealthbenefitsofwritingthank-younotes.Theresearchersfoundthatwritingasfewasthreeweeklythank-younotesoverthecourseofthreeweeksimprovedlifesatisfaction,increasedhappyfeelingsandreducedsymptomsofdepression.

B.Whilethisresearchintogratitudeisrelativelynew,theprinciplesinvolvedareanythingbut.StudentsofmineinapoliticalphilosophycourseatIndianaUniversityarereadingDanielDefoe's300-year-old

RobinsonCrusoe,oftenregardedasthefirstnovelpublishedinEnglish.Leftaloneonanunknownislandwithnoapparentprospectofrescueorescape,Crusoehasmuchto

lament

(悲嘆).Butinsteadofgivingintodespair,hemakesalistofthingsforwhichheisgrateful,includingthefactthatheisthesolesurvivorfromthe

shipwreck

(海灘)andhasbeenabletosalvagemanyusefulitemsfromthewreckage.

C.Defoe'smasterpiece,whichisoftenrankedasoneoftheworld'sgreatestnovels,providesaportraitofgratitudeinactionthatisastimelyandrelevanttodayasithaseverbeen.Itisalsoonewithwhichcontemporarypsychologyandmedicinearejustbeginningtocatchup.Simplyput,formostofus,itisfarmorehelpfultofocusonthethingsinlifeforwhichwecanexpressgratitudethanthosethatinclineustowardresentmentandlamentation.

D.Whenwefocusonthethingsweregret,suchasfailedrelationships,familydisputes,andsetbacksincareerandfinance,wetendtobecomemoreregretful.Conversely,whenwefocusonthethingswearegratefulfor,agreatersenseofhappinesstendstospreadthroughourlives.Andwhilenoonewouldargueforcultivatingafalsesenseofblessedness,thereismountingevidencethatcountingourblessingsisoneofthebesthabitswecandeveloptopromotementalandphysicalhealth.

E.Gratitudehaslongenjoyedaprivilegedpositioninmanyoftheworld'sculturaltraditions.Forexample,someancientWesternphilosopherscounselgratitudethatisbothenduringandcomplete,andsomeEasternthinkersportrayitasnotmerelyanattitudebutavirtuetobeputintopractice.

F.Recentscientificstudiessupporttheseancientteachings.Individualswhoregularlyengageingratitudeexercises,suchascountingtheirblessingsorexpressinggratitudetoothers,exhibitincreasedsatisfactionwithrelationshipsandfewersymptomsofphysicalillness.Andthebenefitsarenotonlypsychologicalandphysical.Theymayalsobemoral—thosewhopracticegratitudealsoviewtheirliveslessmaterialisticallyandsufferfromlessenvy.

G.Therearemultipleexplanationsforsuchbenefitsofgratefulness.Oneisthefactthatexpressinggratitudeencouragesotherstocontinuebeinggenerous,thuspromotingavirtuouscycleofgoodnessinrelationships.Similarly,gratefulpeoplemaybemorelikelyto

reciprocate

(回報(bào))withactsofkindnessoftheirown.Broadlyspeaking,acommunityinwhichpeoplefeelgratefultooneanotherislikelytobeamorepleasantplacetolivethanonecharacterizedbymutualsuspicionandresentment.Thebeneficialeffectsofgratitudemayextendevenfurther.Forexample,whenmanypeoplefeelgoodaboutwhatsomeoneelsehasdoneforthem,theyexperienceasenseofbeingliftedup,withacorrespondingenhancementoftheirregardforhumanity.Someareinspiredtoattempttobecomebetterpeoplethemselves,doingmoretohelpbringoutthebestinothersandbringingmoregoodnessintotheworldaroundthem.

H.Gratitudealsotendstostrengthenasenseofconnectionwithothers.Whenpeoplewanttodogoodthingsthatinspiregratitude,thelevelofdedicationinrelationshipstendstogrowandrelationshipsseemtolastlonger.Andwhenpeoplefeelmoreconnected,theyaremorelikelytochoosetospendtheirtimewithoneanotheranddemonstratetheirfeelingsofaffectionindailyacts.

I.Ofcourse,actsofkindnesscanalsofosterdiscomfort.Forexample,ifpeoplefeeltheyarenotworthyofkindnessorsuspectthatsome

ulterior

(別有用心的)motiveliesbehindit,thebenefitsofgratitudewillnotberealized.Likewise,receivingakindnesscangiverisetoasenseofindebtedness,leavingbeneficiariesfeelingthattheymustnowpaybackwhatevergoodtheyhavereceived.Gratitudecanflourishonlyifpeoplearesecureenoughinthemselvesandsufficientlytrustingtoallowittodoso.Anotherobstacletogratitudeisoftencalledasenseofentitlement.Insteadofexperiencinga

benefaction

(善行)asagoodturn,peoplesometimesregarditasamerepaymentofwhattheyareowed,forwhichnoonedeservesanymoralcredit.

J.Thereareanumberofpracticalstepsanyonecantaketopromoteasenseofgratitude.Oneissimplyspendingtimeonaregularbasisthinkingaboutsomeonewhohasmadeadifference,orperhapswritingathank-younoteorexpressingsuchgratitudeinperson.Othersarefoundinancientreligiousdisciplines,suchasreflectingonbenefactionsreceivedfromanotherpersonoractuallyprayingforthehealthandhappinessofabenefactor.Inadditiontobenefactionsreceived,itisalsopossibletofocusonopportunitiestodogoodoneself,whetherthoseactedoninthepastorhopedforinthefuture.Somepeoplearemostgratefulnotforwhatothershavedoneforthembutforchancestheyenjoyedtohelpothers.Inregularlyreflectingonthethingsinhislifeheisgratefulfor,Defoe'sCrusoebelievesthathebecomesafarbetterpersonthanhewouldhavebeenhadheremainedinthesocietyfromwhichheoriginallysetoutonhisvoyage.

K.Reflectingongenerosityandgratitude,thegreatbasketballcoachJohnWoodenonceofferedtwocounselstohisplayersandstudents.First,hesaid,"Itisimpossibletohaveaperfectdayunlessyouhavedonesomethingforsomeonewhowillneverbeabletorepayyou."Insayingthis,Woodensoughttopromotepurelygenerousacts,asopposedtothoseperformedwithanexpectationofreward.Second,hesaid,"Givethanksforyourblessingseveryday."

L.Somefaithtraditionsincorporatesuchpracticesintotherhythmofdailylife.Forexample,adherentsofsomereligionsofferprayersofthanksgivingeverymorningbeforerisingandeverynightbeforelyingdowntosleep.Othersofferthanksthroughouttheday,suchasbeforemeals.Otherlessfrequentspecialevents,suchasbirths,deathsandmarriages,mayalsobeheraldedbysuchprayers.

M.WhenDefoedepictedRobinsonCrusoemakingthanksgivingadailypartofhisislandlife,hewasanticipatingfindingsinsocialscienceandmedicinethatwouldnotappearforhundredsofyears.Yethewasalsoreflectingthewisdomofreligiousandphilosophicaltraditionsthatextendbackthousandsofyears.Gratitudeisoneofthehealthiestandmostnourishingofallstatesofmind,andthosewhoadoptitasahabitareenrichingnotonlytheirownlivesbutalsothelivesofthosearoundthem.37、Itdoesusfarmoregoodtofocusonthingswecanbegratefulforthanwhatmakesussadandresentful.38、Thebeneficialimpactsofgratitudecanextendfromindividualstotheircommunityandtothewidersociety.39、Theparticipantsinarecentstudyrepeatedlyunderestimatedthepositiveeffectonthosewhoreceivedthank-younotes.40、Gooddeedscansometimesmakepeoplefeeluncomfortable.41、Peoplewhoregularlyexpressgratitudecanbenefitinmoralterms.42、Abasketballcoachadvocatedperforminggenerousactswithoutexpectinganythinginreturn.43、Moreandmoreevidenceshowsitmakesusmentallyandphysicallyhealthiertoroutinelycountourblessings.44、Ofallstatesofmind,feelinggratefulisconsideredoneofthemosthealthyandbeneficial.45、Theprinciplesunderlyingtheresearchintogratitudearenothingnewatall.46、Gratitudeislikelytoenhanceone'ssenseofbeingconnectedwithotherpeople.

SectionCDirections:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet2

withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOneTechnologyisneveraneutraltoolforachievinghumanends.Technologicalinnovationsreshapepeopleastheyusetheseinnovationstocontroltheirenvironment.Artificialintelligence,forexample,isalteringhumanity.

WhilethetermAIconjuresupanxietiesaboutkillerrobotsorcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment,thereareother,deeperimplications.AsAIincreasinglyshapesthehumanexperience,howdoesthischangewhatitmeanstobehuman?Centraltotheproblemisaperson'scapacitytomakechoices,particularlyjudgmentsthathavemoralimplications.

Aristotlearguedthatthecapacityformakingpracticaljudgmentsdependsonregularlymakingthem—onhabitandpractice.Weseetheemergenceofmachinesassubstitutejudgesinavarietyofeverydaycontextsasapotentialthreattopeoplelearninghowtoeffectivelyexercisejudgmentthemselves.

Intheworkplace,managersroutinelymakedecisionsaboutwhotohireorfireandwhichloantoapprove,tonameafew.Theseareareaswhere

algorithmic

(算法的)prescriptionisreplacinghumanjudgment,andsopeoplewhomighthavehadthechancetodeveloppracticaljudgmentintheseareasnolongerwill.

Recommendationengines,whichareincreasinglyprevalentintermediariesinpeople'sconsumptionofculture,mayservetoconstrainchoiceandminimizeluck.Bypresentingconsumerswithalgorithmicallyselectedchoicesofwhattowatch,read,streamandvisitnext,companiesarereplacinghumantastewithmachinetaste.Inonesense,thisishelpful.Afterall,machinescansurveyawiderrangeofchoicesthananyindividualislikelytohavethetimeorenergytodoontheirown.

Atthesametime,though,thisselectionisoptimizingforwhatpeoplearelikelytopreferbasedonwhatthey'vepreferredinthepast.Wethinkthereissomeriskthatpeople'soptionswillbeconstrainedbytheirpastinanewandunanticipatedway.

Asmachinelearningalgorithmsimproveandastheytrainonmoreextensivedatasets,largerpartsofeverydaylifearelikelytobecomeutterlypredictable.Thepredictionsaregoingtogetbetterandbetter,andtheywillultimatelymakecommonexperiencesmoreefficientandpleasant.

Algorithmscouldsoon—iftheydon'talready—haveabetterideaaboutwhichshowyou'dliketowatchnextandwhichjobcandidateyoushouldhirethanyoudo.Oneday,humansmayevenfindawayformachinestomakethesedecisionswithoutsomeofthebiasesthathumanstypicallydisplay.

Buttotheextentthatunpredictabilityispartofhowpeopleunderstandthemselvesandpartofwhatpeoplelikeaboutthemselves,humanityisintheprocessoflosingsomethingsignificant.Astheybecomemoreandmorepredictable,thecreaturesinhabitingtheincreasinglyAI-mediatedworldwillbecomelessandlesslikeus.47、WhatdowelearnaboutthedeeperimplicationsofAI?______

A．Itiscausingcatastrophiclevelsofunemployment.

B．Itisdoingphysicalharmtohumanoperators.

C．Itisalteringmoraljudgments.

D．Itisreshapinghumanity.48、Whatistheconsequenceofalgorithmicprescriptionreplacinghumanjudgment?______

A．Peoplelosethechancetocultivatetheabilitytomakepracticaljudgments.

B．Peoplearepreventedfromparticipatinginmakingmajordecisionsintheworkplace.

C．Managersnolongerhavethechancetodecidewhichloantoapprove.

D．Managersdonotneedtotakethetroubletodeterminewhotohireorfire.49、Whatmayresultfromincreasingapplicationofrecommendationenginesinourconsumptionofculture?______

A．Consumerswillhavemuchlimitedchoice.

B．Consumerswillactuallyenjoybetterluck.

C．Itwillbeeasiertodecideonwhattoenjoy.

D．Humanswilldeveloptastessimilartomachines'.50、Whatislikelytohappentolargerpartsofourdailylifeasmachinelearningalgorithmsimprove?______

A．Theywillturnouttobemorepleasant.

B．Theywillrepeatourpastexperience.

C．Theycanbecompletelyanticipated.

D．Theymaybecomebetterandbetter.51、WhydoestheauthorsaythecreatureslivinginthemoreandmoreAI-mediatedworldwillbecomeincreasinglyunlikeus?______

A．Theywillhavelostthemostsignificanthumanelementofbeingintelligent.

B．Theywillnolongerpossessthehumancharacteristicofbeingunpredictable.

C．Theywillnotbeabletounderstandthemselvesaswecandotoday.

D．Theywillbedeprivedofwhattheirpredecessorswereproudofaboutthemselves.

PassageTwoPhonics,whichinvolvessoundingoutwords

syllable

(音節(jié))bysyllable,isthebestwaytoteachchildrentoread.Butinmanyclassrooms,thiscanbeadirtyword.Somuchsothatsometeachershavehadtosneakphonicsteachingmaterialsintotheclassroom.MostAmericanchildrenaretaughttoreadinawaythatstudyafterstudyhasfoundtobewrong.

Theconsequencesofthisarestriking.LessthanhalfofallAmericanadultswereproficientreadersin2017.Americanfourthgradersrank15thontheProgressinInternationalLiteracyStudy,aninternationalexam.

Americaisstuckinadebateaboutteachingchildrentoreadthathasbeengoingonfordecades.Someadvocateteachingsymbol-soundrelationships(thesoundkcanbespelledasc,k,ck,orch),knownasphonics.Otherssupportanimmersiveapproach(usingpicturesofacattolearnthewordcat),knownas"wholelanguage".Mostteacherstoday,almostthreeoutoffouraccordingtoasurveybytheEdWeekResearchCentrein2019,useamixcalled"balancedliteracy".Thiscombinationofmethodsisineffective."Youcan'tsprinkleinalittlephonics,"saysTenetteSmith,executivedirectorofelementaryeducationandreadingatMississippi'seducationdepartment."Ithastobesystematicandexplicitlytaught."

Mississippi,oftenbehindinsocialpolicy,hassetanexamplehere.Inastateoncenotoriousforitslowreadingscores,theMississippistatelegislaturepassednewliteracystandardsin2013.SincethenMississippihasseenremarkablegains.Itsfourthgradershavemovedfrom49th(outof50states)to29thontheNationalAssessmentofEducationalProgress,anationwideexam.In2019itwastheonlystatetoimproveitsscores.Forthefirsttimesincemeasurementbegan,Mississippi'spupilsarenowaveragereaders,aremarkableachievementinsuchapoorstate.

Mississippi'ssuccessisattributedtoimplementingreadingmethodssupportedbyabodyofresearchknownasthescienceofreading.In1997CongressrequestedtheNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopmentandtheDepartmentofEducationtoconveneaNationalReadingPaneltoendthe"readingwars"andsynthesizetheevidence.Thepanelfoundthatphonics,alongwithexplicitinstructionin

phonemic

(音位的)awareness,fluencyandcomprehension,workedbest.

Yetovertwodecadeson,"balancedliteracy"isstillbeingtaughtinclassrooms.Butadvancesinstatisticsandbrainimaginghavedisprovedthewhole-languagemethod.Totheteacherwhoisaproficientreader,literacyseemslikeanaturalprocessthatrequireseducatedguessing,ratherthanthedeliberateprocessemphasizedbyphonics.Teacherscanimaginethattheylearnedtoreadthrough

osmosis

(潛移默化)whentheywerechildren.Withoutpropertraining,theybringthistoclassrooms.52、WhatdowelearnaboutphonicsinmanyAmericanclassrooms?______

A．Itisillreputed.

B．Itismostlymisapplied.

C．Itisarbitrarilyexcluded.

D．Itismisrepresented.53、WhathasAmericabeenwitnessingfordecades?______

A．Anobsessionwithinnovatingteachingmethodologiesofreading.

B．Anenduringdebateovertheapproachtoteachingchildrentoread.

C．Anincreasingconcernwithmanychildren'sinadequacyinliteracy.

D．Anever-forcefuladvocacyofacombinedmethodforteachingreading.54、WhydoesTenetteSmiththinkacombinationofteachingmethodsisineffective?______

A．Elementaryschoolchildrenwillbefrustratedwhentaughtwithseveralmethodscombined.

B．Phonicshastobesystematicallyappliedandclearlytaughttoachievethedesiredeffect.

C．Sprinklinginalittlephonicsdeterstheprogressofevenadequatelymotivatedchildren.

D．Balancedliteracyfailstosustainchildren'sinterestindevelopingagoodreadinghabit.55、WhatdoestheauthorsayMississippi'ssuccessisattributedto?______

A．ConveningaNationalReadingPaneltosynthesizeresearchevidence.

B．Placingsufficientemphasisuponbothfluencyandcomprehension.

C．Adoptingscientificallygroundedapproachestoteachingreading.

D．ObtainingsupportfromCongresstoupgradeteachingmethods.56、Whathaveadvancesinstatisticsandbrainimagingprovedineffective?______

A．Theteachingofsymbol-soundrelationships.