2021屆新高考版高考英語(yǔ)小題優(yōu)練沖刺訓(xùn)練（二十）（含答案解析）

2021新高考版高考英語(yǔ)小題優(yōu)練沖刺訓(xùn)練（二十）

應(yīng)用文閱讀+說(shuō)明文閱讀+說(shuō)明文閱讀+七選五閱讀+完型填空

PassageA

CityInformationSheet

Thecityhasseveralservicesandeventseachyearthatmayinterestyouandarelistedbelow:

?ThecityhasanAnimalControlOfficethatenforceslawsfordogsandcatsrunningatlarge

inthecity.Alldogsandcatsarerequiredtobeleashed（系住）unlesstheyarekeptinsideyour

house.YoucancontactDispatchtoreportanimalsrunningwithouttheowner'scompany.

?Eachfamilyisallowedtwotwo-dayyardsalespercalendaryear.Youdon'thavetogeta

permitbeforeyouholdayardsaleinthecitylimits.

?Thecityrequiresanyonedoingbusinessinthecitytofirstobtainabusinesslicense.This

licensecanbeobtainedfromtheCityHall.

SpringCleanup—Heldforoneweekinspringeachyear.Citizensmayplaceunwanted

furnitureattheroadedgeinfrontoftheirlocationandtheSpringCleanupCrew（SCC）will

removethemattheendoftheevent.Ifanynonresidentisputtinggarbageatyouraddressorin

yourneighborhood,pleasegetthelicenseplatenumberanddescriptionofthevehicles.CallCity

CouncilCenterat270-265-2501toreportit.TheSCCisnotauthorizedtotakeyourgarbage,so

pleaseplaceyourdailygarbageinthepropertrashcan.

HarvestFestival—Streetfestivalwithlivemusic,children'sactivities,foodstands,artsand

crafts,fashionclothingandmuch,muchmore!ThefestivalissponsoredbytheCommunity

AllianceandisheldannuallyonthefirstSaturdayinOctober.

LeafPickup-DuringthemonthofOctober,citizensmaytaketheleavestotheroadedge

andthecitywillremovethem.Themachinewillnotvacuum（吸走）upsticks.

ElktonBikeNight-EveryThursdaynight,currentlyfromMaythroughSeptember,thecity

welcomescycleenthusiastsfromaroundtheregion.Localfoodstandssetup,restaurantshave

specialsandtheToddCountyCommunityAllianceprovidesliveentertainmentsuchaslivebands,

karaokeorradiomusic.Evenifyouarenotacyclerider,everyoneiswelcometojoinusforthe

freeentertainmentandfood!

1.Whichorganizationshouldyoureporttowhenspottingadogrunningaloneoutside?

A.Dispatch.B.AnimalControlOffice.

C.CityCouncilCenter.D.TheCommunityAlliance.

2.WhoneedtogetalicensefromtheCityHall?

A.Acouplepreparingtoholdayardsale.

B.Aretiredmanplanningtoopenabikeshop.

C.Abusinessmanorganisingacharityevent.

D.Aneighborplacingtheunwantedfurniture.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouteventsistrue?

A.Thecityeventscoveralltheseasonsofayear.

B.Machinesareusedtocollecttheleavesandsticks.

C.ThefunofElktonBikeNightisnotlimitedtocycling.

D.TheSCCcantakedailygarbageawayifproperlyplaced.

PassageB

Everyfourorfiveyears,vastquantitiesofwarmwaterbuildupalongthewestcoastofSouth

America.Thisphenomenon.ElNino（厄爾尼諾），createsstormsthatcausedevastatingfloods.

Theresultiscostly.In2017,forinstance,ElNinoshutdownnorthernPeru'ssugar-canebusiness.

ModernfarmersviewElNinostoically（堅(jiān)忍土也）.Theyusemoneysavedingoodyearsto

rebuildinbadones.Buthistorysuggestsitneednotbelikethat.Inapaperpublishedrecently,Ari

Caramanica,anarchaeologistatUniversityofthePacific,inLima,showshowitusedtobedone.

Andtheanswerseemstobe,"better”.

DrCaramanicaandhercolleagueshavebeenstudyingthePampadeMocan,acoastaldesert

plaininnorthernPeru.PampadeMocanisnotidealforfarming.Itssoilcontainslittleorganic

matterandtheannualrainfallinnon-Ninoyearsisusuallylessthantwocentimetres.Today's

farmersthereforedependoncanalstocarrywaterfromlocalriverstotheirfields.

Ithadbeenassumedthatancientfarmershadasimilararrangement—andsotheydid.But

DrCaramanicaalsofoundeightcanalsthatcouldcarrywaterfarbeyondtherangeofmodern

farms.Sincetheclimatewassimilartothepresentday'swhenthesecanalsweredug,andtheriver

nohigher,shesupposedthattheywereintendedtoguidethefloodwaterarrivingduringNino

years.Aroundaquarteroftheancientagriculturalinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）ofthisareaseemsto

havebeenbuiltonlyformanagingNino-generatedfloodwater.

EvidencerevealsthatPampadeMocanproducedlotsofcropsinsomeyears.Dr

Caramanica^teamalsodiscoveredtwocisterns（蓄水池）inthearea.These,possibly,wereused

tostorefloodwater.

Thesefindingssuggestthat,ratherthanresistingElNino,earlyfarmersinPampadeMocan

werereadytomakeuseofitwhenitarrived.PreciselyhowtheymanagedtheirfieldsinNino

yearsremainstobediscovered.Butmodernfarmersmightdowelltolearnfromthem.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutElNinofromthetext?

A.Itcanbeusedinfarming.B.Itisusuallycausedbyfloods.

C.Ithaslittleinfluenceonbusiness.D.Itisalwaysresistedasadisaster.

2.WhatmadethefarmsinPampadeMocanproductive?

A.Richsoil.B.Agreeableclimate.

C.Abundantrainfall.D.Agriculturalconstructions.

3.What'stheauthor'sattitudetotheancientwaysofdealingwithElNino?

A.Approving.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Negative.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.SurvivingElNinoB.LivingwithElNino

C.FarminginDifferentTimesD.LearningfromHistory

PassageC

Socialconflicts,frompolicydebatestofamilydisagreements,caneasilydevelopintoangry

wordsandpersonalattacks.Suchheatedconflicts,however,seldomsettledisagreementsandcan

leadtoworseoutcomes.Abetterapproachtodealingwithinterpersonal（人際的）disagreements

istoapplycharacteristicsofwisdom,likeintellectualhumility。恰當(dāng)?shù)闹t遜、diverseviewpoints,

andopen-mindedness.Butapplyingtheseelementsofwisdomcanbedifficult,especiallyduring

conflicts.Thetrick,accordingtoanewresearchpublishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,is

totrainyourselfinadvancetoreasonaboutinterpersonalconflictsinawisermanner.

“Peopletypicallyfailtoreasonwiselywhenfacingsocialconflicts,sowedesignedawayto

helpthem,"saidIgorGrossmann,directoroftheWisdomandCultureLabattheUniversityof

Waterloo,Canada.nOurbasicideawastotrainpeopletoseesituationsfromamoreobjective,

third-personangle.Thisapproachenablespeopletorecognizethelimitstotheirknowledge,

acknowledgedifferentwaystheconflictmayleadto,andconsiderandbalancemultiple

viewpoints."

Accordingtotheresearchers,byswitchingtheanglefromthefirstpersontothethirdperson,

apersonbecomesbetterabletoevaluatetheirownknowledgeandappreciatealternativeviews.

Totesttheirhypothesis（假設(shè)）,theresearchersconductedtwofieldexperiments.Grossmann

said,“Ourresearchshowedeffectivenessofthethird-persondiarywritingforachangeinwisdom

comparedtothefirst-persondiaryreflections,andthatthedistanced—self—reflectionledto

gradualdevelopmentinwisereasoningaboutpersonallychallengingincidents.*'Thedatasuggest

thatthisincreaseinwisereasoningoccurredbecausethedistanced—self—reflectionbroadened

people'stypicallynarrowself-focus.Thisresearchprovidesthefirstempirical（實(shí)驗(yàn)的）evidence

forthetrainabilityofwisdomindailylifewhenworkingthroughchallenges.

1.Whyisitsignificanttosettlethesocialconflicts?

A.Becauseconflictscanresultinaworserelationship.

B.Becauseconflictscanavoidone'sself-reflection.

C.Becauseconflictscanpushpeopletothinkdifferently.

D.Becauseconflictsmayleadtoacompromise.

2.Whatcanhelptoreducetheconflictsaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Firmdetermination.B.Self-awareness.

C.Agreedstandard.D.Broadviewpoints.

3.WhichstatementisconsistentwithGrossmann'sfinding?

A.First-personreflectionimprovestheproblem-solvingskills.

B.Third-persondiarywritingcanpromotetheconflict-settlingability.

C.Self-focusishelpfulindealingwithinterpersonaldisagreements.

D.Socialconflictscandeveloppeople'sreasoningability.

.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ReflectionMattersinDecreasingDisagreements

B.SocialConflictsDoGreatHarmtoRelationships

C.TrainingHelpstoCopewithSocialConflicts

D.TheWisdomofProblem-solvingLiesinChallenges

PassageD

Haveyoueverhadtimesquestioningyourselfandfeelingdiscouraged?Ifyouansweryes,what

you'veexperiencedisnegativeself-talk.1Yousaytoyourselfuntruethingslike,'Tmnot

goodenough.I'madisappointment,"Thesefalsebeliefsstopusinourtracks.So,howdoyoustop

negativeself-talk?

2

KnowyouYespecial.Youareoneofakind!Thereisnootherpersonthatthinksexactlylikeyou.

Whenyoubegintosincerelybelievehowspecialyouare,it'seasiertofightnegativeself-talk.

Changeyourassociations

Yournegativeself-talkcomesfromyourenvironment.Youdidn'tjustaccidentallywakeupone

daythinkingofbadthingsaboutyourself.Itmaybebecausesomeone,somewhereinyourlifehas

told

younegativethingsaboutyouandyoubelievethem.However,ifyousurroundyourselfwiththe

rightpeople,theywillbuildyouup,inspireyouandmakeyoufeelbetter.3.

Changeyourdialogue

Readandsayallthewonderfulthingsaboutyourselfatleast5timesperday.Lookatyourselfin

themirrorandsay,"Iamamazing!n4andyou'llbelieveyouareawesomeprettysoon.

Ofcourse,thereareotherthingstostopnegativeself-talk5butifyouaredeterminedto

thinkpositivelyineverysituation,thatwillbringapositivechangeinyourlife.

A.Thinkthesameway

B.Changeisnoteasy

C.Changeyourposition

D.Itbeginsinyourbrain

E.Changeyourstateofmind

F.You'llseekouttherightpeopletohelpchangeyourthoughts

G.You'llstarttobelievethegreatthingstheytellyou

PassageE

Istillrememberthefirstdayofmyclass.DrHornehadtherareabilitytomake]maths

seemsimple.Ofcourse,!still2tokeepup,soIattendedhisopenofficehourseveryweekto

catchuponthematerialthatIcouldn?t3inclass.Atfirst,!wasconcernedthathe

wouldn,tbepleasedwithhowmuchextrahelpIwasseeking.!was4fornoreason.Not

onlywouldhegothroughanyhomeworkproblemwithwhichI5,buthemadesureIknew

thathewantedmetobethere.Aftertheworkondifferentialequationswas6,wewouldsit

andchataboutCarolinasports,thedynamics（動(dòng)態(tài)）oftheclassroomand7hisfriend's

upcomingwedding.Needlesstosay,DrHornebecamea8inmylifejustwhenIneededthe

most9.

Ihadadifficulttimetellingcertainpeopleaboutmy10tofocusonlyon

journalism.Monthsaftermydecision,!stillhadn,ttoldDrHorne.Ididn'twantto11him

sincehehadspentsomuchtime12me.Ieventuallyranintohimatamovietheater.Wewent

outforcoffeeafterthe13tocatchuponeachother'slives.WhenItoldhimaboutmy

decisionandthe14behindit,hecouldn'thavebeenmoresupportive.Hereally15

whatwasbestforme.That,tome,isthedefinitionofafriend.

l.A.basicB.ordinaryC.specialD.difficult

Z.A.failedB.choseC.managedD.decided

3.A.rememberB.findC.collect□.understand

4.A.excitedB.worriedC.angryD.sad

5.A.presentedB.didC.shared□.struggled

6.A.startedB.continuedC.finishedD.planned

7.A.justB.evenC.neverD.still

8.A.friendB.teacherC.partnerD.brother

9.A.comfortB.attentionC.supportD.information

lO.A.decisionB.ideaC.wishD.dream

ll.A.leaveB.forgetC.bother□.disappoint

12.A.remindingB.helpingC.reachingD.training

13.A.mealB.workC.classD.film

14.A.reasonsB.meaningC.opinionsD.changes

15.A.toldB.lovedC.wantedD.pointed

參考答案:

A

1.Ao根據(jù)第二段“YoucancontactDispatchtoreportanimalsrunningwithouttheowner'

scompany.（你可以聯(lián)系Dispatch舉報(bào)沒(méi)有主人陪伴的動(dòng)物）”可知，當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有主人陪伴

的動(dòng)物，你可以聯(lián)系Dispatch。故選A。

2.Bo根據(jù)文章第四段“Thecityrequiresanyonedoingbusinessinthecitytofirstobtaina

businesslicense.ThislicensecanbeobtainedfromtheCityHalL（該市要求任何在該市經(jīng)商的人

首先獲得營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照。這執(zhí)照可向市政廳申請(qǐng)）”可知，在該市經(jīng)商的人需要獲得營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照。

由此推知，B項(xiàng)Aretiredmanplanningtoopenabikeshop.（一個(gè)打算開(kāi)自行車店的退休男子）

是需要執(zhí)照的人。故選及

3.Co根據(jù)文章最后一句"Evenifyouarenotacyclerider,everyoneiswelcometojoinus

forthefreeentertainmentandfood!（即使你不是自行車騎手，也歡迎加入我們的免費(fèi)娛樂(lè)和美

食!）”可知，ElktonBikeNight不止有自行車活動(dòng)，還可以享受美食和娛樂(lè)。即ElktonBike

Night的樂(lè)趣不限于騎自行車。故選C。

B

1o根據(jù)文章第一段第二句"Thisphenomenon,ElNino（厄爾尼諾），createsstormsthat

causedevastatingfloods.（這種現(xiàn)象，厄爾尼諾，制造風(fēng)暴造成毀滅性的洪水）“可知，B項(xiàng)Itis

usuallycausedbyfloods.（厄爾尼諾是由洪水造成的）錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“In2017,

forinstance,ElNinoshutdownnorthernPeru'ssugar-canebusiness.（例如，2017年,厄爾尼諾

關(guān)閉了秘魯北部的甘蔗業(yè)務(wù)）”可知，C項(xiàng)IthasIttleinfluenceonbusiness.（厄爾尼諾只對(duì)商業(yè)

造成了一點(diǎn)影響）錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)文章第六段“Thesefindingssuggestthat,ratherthanresistingEl

Nino,earlyfarmersinPampadeMocanwerereadytomakeuseofitwhenitarrived.（這些發(fā)現(xiàn)

表明，潘帕德莫坎的早期農(nóng)民并沒(méi)有抵抗厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，而是在它到來(lái)時(shí)準(zhǔn)備利用它）“可知，

D項(xiàng)Itisalwaysresistedasadisaster.（它總是作為一種災(zāi)難而被抵制）不準(zhǔn)確，同時(shí)證明A.It

canbeusedinfarming.（厄爾尼諾可以用于農(nóng)業(yè)）是正確的。故選Ao

2o根據(jù)第三段“DrCaramanicaandhercolleagueshavebeenstudyingthePampadeMocan,

acoastaldesertplaininnorthernPeru.PampadeMocanisnotidealforfarming.Itssoilcontains

littleorganicmatterandtheannualrainfallinnon-Ninoyearsisusuallylessthantwocentimetres.

Today'sfarmersthereforedependoncanalstocarrywaterfromlocalriverstotheirfields.（卡拉

馬尼卡博士和她的同事一直在研究秘魯北部沿海沙漠平原潘帕德莫坎。潘帕德莫坎不是理想

的農(nóng)業(yè)用地。土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量低，年降雨量在非厄爾尼諾年通常不到兩厘米。因此，今天的

農(nóng)民依靠運(yùn)河從當(dāng)?shù)氐暮恿靼阉斔偷剿麄兊霓r(nóng)田）”以及第四段“Aroundaquarterofthe

ancientagriculturalinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）ofthisareaseemstohavebeenbuiltonlyfor

managingNino-generatedfloodwater.（這個(gè)地區(qū)建立了大約四分之一的古代農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施似

乎只為了管理Nino-generated洪水）”可知，農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施使莫坎潘帕的農(nóng)場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)更多產(chǎn)。故選D。

3。根據(jù)第四段的“Aroundaquarteroftheancientagriculturalinftastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）of

thisareaseemstohavebeenbuiltonlyformanagingNino-generatedfloodwater.（這個(gè)地區(qū)的大

約四分之一的古代農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施似乎只為了管理Nino-generated洪水建立的）”第五段

''EvidencerevealsthatPampadeMocanproducedlotsofcropsinsomeyears.DrCaramanica's

teamalsodiscoveredtwocisterns（蓄水池）inthearea.These,possibly,wereusedtostore

floodwater.（證據(jù)表明，莫坎農(nóng)場(chǎng)在幾年內(nèi)生產(chǎn)了很多作物?？ɡ岵觳┦康膱F(tuán)隊(duì)還在該地

區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)蓄水池。這些，可能是用來(lái)儲(chǔ)存洪水的）''可以看出，潘帕德莫坎的早期農(nóng)民并

沒(méi)有抵抗厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象，而是在它到來(lái)時(shí)準(zhǔn)備利用它。修建了諸如運(yùn)河、蓄水池等農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施，

方法的確是有效地。因此推斷作者對(duì)于古代處理厄爾尼諾的方法是支持的。A.Approving贊

同的；B.Indifferent冷漠的；C.Critical批判的；D.Negative消極的。故選A。

4。本文第三、四、五段介紹了古代農(nóng)民是如何利用厄爾尼諾的，涉及到了與厄爾尼諾

共生存這一-方面，并號(hào)召現(xiàn)代農(nóng)民向他們學(xué)習(xí)。A.SurvivingEINino經(jīng)歷厄爾尼諾幸存下

來(lái)；B.LivingwithEINino與厄爾尼諾共同生存；C.FarminginDifferentTimes不同時(shí)期的農(nóng)

業(yè)；D.LearningfromHistory從歷史中學(xué)習(xí)。因此推斷B項(xiàng)為最佳答案。故選B。

C

1o根據(jù)第一段"Suchheatedconflicts,however,seldomsettledisagreementsandcanleadto

worseoutcomes.（然而這種激烈的沖突很少能解決分歧，并且會(huì)導(dǎo)致更糟的結(jié)果）”可知，

因?yàn)闆_突很少能解決分歧反而常常導(dǎo)致更糟的關(guān)系，所以處理社交沖突是重要的，故選A

項(xiàng)。

2o根據(jù)第一段“Abetterapproachtodealingwithinterpersonal（人際的）disagreementsis

toapplycharacteristicsofwisdom,likeintellectualhumility（恰當(dāng)?shù)闹t遜），diverseviewpoints,

andopen-mindedness.（解決人際分歧的更好辦法是運(yùn)用智慧，比如：恰當(dāng)?shù)闹t遜、多元的視

角、開(kāi)闊的思想。）“可知，作者認(rèn)為恰當(dāng)?shù)闹t遜、多元的視角、開(kāi)闊的思想可以幫助減少?zèng)_

突。故選D項(xiàng)。

3o根據(jù)最后一段"Grossmannsaid,“Ourresearchshowedeffectivenessofthethird-person

diarywritingforachangeinwisdomcomparedtothefirst-persondiaryreflections,andthatthe

distanced—self—reflectionledtogradualdevelopmentinwisereasoningaboutpersonally

challengingincidents."（Grossmann說(shuō)道：我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)揭示了相比于第一人稱的日記反思，以

第三人稱角度的日記寫(xiě)作對(duì)于智慧的提升是有效果的，此外，對(duì)于個(gè)人的挑戰(zhàn)事件，客觀的

反思也會(huì)逐漸促進(jìn)推理能力的提高。）”可知，Grossmann發(fā)現(xiàn)：以第三人稱角度的寫(xiě)作對(duì)于

智慧的提升是有效果的，所以“以第三人稱的日記寫(xiě)作能夠提升處理沖突的能力”與

Grossmann的發(fā)現(xiàn)一致，突顯第三人稱日記寫(xiě)作的好處，故選B項(xiàng)。

4。根據(jù)第一段“Thetrick,accordingtoanewresearchpublishedinthejournalPsychological

Science,istotrainyourselfinadvancetoreasonaboutinterpersonalconflictsinawisermanner.

（根據(jù)在《心理科學(xué)》日志上最新發(fā)表的研究顯示：技巧可以提前訓(xùn)練你以更智慧的方式去

理性思考人際沖突問(wèn)題）”和最后一段“Thisresearchprovidesthefirstempirical（實(shí)驗(yàn)的）

evidenceforthetrainabilityofwisdomindailylifewhenworkingthroughchallenges.（這項(xiàng)研究

提供了第