2021屆高考英語“中國元素”之閱讀理解 中國科技（二）

2021屆高考英語“中國元素”之閱讀理解中國科技（二）

、

2019WorldConferenceonVRIndustrywasheldinNanchang,China,withthegoalof

furthersatisfyingpeople'sgrowingdemandforabetterlife,acceleratingthemodernizationof

China'seconomicsystemanditstransformationintoaninnovation-orientedcountry,and

promotingbreakthroughsintheeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofJiangxiProvince.The

themeoftheconferenceisHVRAdorns（裝扮）theWorld-VR+5GforaNewEraofPerception（觀

念廠.ThevirtualrealityindustryinNanchang,capitalcityofEastChina'sJiangxiprovince,is

expectingaboomwhenChinagrowsinaneweraof5Gthisyear;expertsandindustryinsiders

saidattheconference.

TheConferenceattractedexperts,scholarsandcompanyleadersfrommorethan30

countries,includingtheus,Germany,Britain,Russia,IndiaandIsrael,discussingthedevelopment

andapplicationofVR,especiallyas5GZthenextgenerationtechnologyfornetworkondevices

likecellphones,unlocksthepotentialofVR.Withafocusontheneweraofperceptionenabled

by5G,thisyear'sconferenceshowedleading-edgeVRtechnologiesandthelatestoutcomesof

theglobalVRindustry.

MiaoWei,headoftheMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnology,saidintheopening

addressthatwithChinaofficiallygetting5G;commerciallicensesonJune6th2019,the

co-developmentofVRand5Gpromisesahugemarketinfuture.XhinatakestheleadinVR

innovations.Andthewidepopularityofhigh-techinourcountryguaranteesthepotentialofthis

market/saidMiao.

ChinaisbuildingitsVRindustryintoonewiththemostdynamicenvironmentsfor

innovationandentrepreneurship,highestmarketacceptance,andthegreatestgrowthpotential

intheworld.

l.Whatisoneoftheaimsof2019WorldConferenceonVRIndustry?

A.Topromote5Gtechnology.

B.TomakeChinesepeoplemorecreative.

C.ToimprovetheeconomicdevelopmentofJiangxi.

D.Tochangetheworldintoamodernone.

2.Whatistherelationshipbetween5GandVR?

A.5GcangreatlyhelpthedevelopmentofVR.

B.VR'sapplicationwouldunlock5G.

C.5GmakesVRabusiness.

D.VRismadeupof5G.

3.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TechnologyRevolutioninJiangxi

B.NewEraMarkedby5GandVR

C.VR,TechnologyfortheFuture

D.VRConferenceinNanchang

二、

Everyonehasaquarrelortwowithfriends,co-workersandfamilymembers,butlibrary

goersinNanchang,EastChina'sJiangxiProvincegotasurprisewhenapersonunintentionally

startedanargumentbetweentworobots.

Thetworobots,namedTutuandWangbao,aresupposedtoofferassistancetovisitorsin

thehalloftheJiangxiProvincialLibrary.WhenalibrarygoerscannedTutu'sQRcode,Wangbao

seeminglybecameannoyed,whichbroughtagreatamusementtothelibrarygoerwhoposteda

videooftheexchangethatoccurredonDecember30andhasgoneviralonsocialmedia.

"Tutu,let'sstopfighting,OKP^saidWangbao.

“Yourmoodsureswingsalot!"Tutusaid.

Wangbaoraved,'"Aren'tyouadramaqueen,Kmgivingyouanout.Stopbeingpetulant!"

Thelibrarygoerwasevenmoreamused,asthetworobotsgrewnoisierandangrierwith

eachother,andfinally,abruptlyturningawayfromeachotherlikenaughtychildren.

“Itlookslikehowyouquarrelwithyourgirlfriend,ha-ha."onenetizenposted.

“Iseemyselffromthequarrel,“wroteanotheronSinaWeibo,whichwasechoedbymany

others.

"It'sannoyingtohearpeoplearguing,andIdidn'texpectI'dhavetolistentorobots

arguing//anothernetizenwrote.

TheonlinevideowaswidelycirculatingonSinaWeibo,withsome500,000viewsasof

presstimeonSaturday.TutuandWangbaobecameinternethotfigures,evenattractingattention

frommajornewsoutletsinthecountry.

WhenthetwoonlinecelebritieswereinterviewedbyreportersonFriday,thetwoseems

alreadyforgaveeachotherafterthreedays.

“Itwasathinglastyear...Isn'titnormaltohavequarrelsbetweenfriendsP^Wangbaosaidin

videopostedbytheXinhuaNewsAgencyonSaturday.

l.What'sthepurposeofparagraphone?

A.Toshowhowsmartthetworobotsare.

B.ToincreaseourawarenessofAltechnology.

C.Tointroducethefollowingparts.

D.Tocriticizethequarrelbetweenthetworobots.

2.Whatwasthelibrarygoer'sattitudetowardstheargument?

A.Amazed.B.Entertained.C.Puzzled.D.Excited.

3.Bypresentingsomenetizens'comments,theauthorintendstotellus.

A.thefightdrawsthepublic'sgreatattention

B.thefighthasanawfuleffectonpeople'slife

C.thefighttakesplaceonaregularbasis

D.thefightfeelslikearealone

4.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Adiary.C.Amagazine.D.Awebsite.

?、

A1.6-metre-tallrobotmaysoonbecomethebestfriendforlonelyelderlypeople,asChinese

scientistsaremakingthefinalsprint（沖刺）towardsitsmarketlaunch（投放）,saidasenior

researcherontherobotprojectonSaturday.

"Weareworkingontestingtheexactfunctionsandwaystoreducethecostinpreparationsfor

anexpectedmarketlaunchoftherobotintwotothreeyears/'saidLiRuifeng,amemberofthe

project.

Hesaidtheteamhopedtoreducethecostsothattherobotcanbepricedat30,000to50,

000yuan,whichisexpectedtobeanaffordablepriceformostofChina'sbetter-offfamilies.

Therobothasbeendevelopedwiththefunctionsoffetchingfoodandmedicine,sounding

alarmsincaseofwaterorgasleakage,sendingtextsorvideoimagesviawirelesscommunications,

andevensingingasongorplayingchesstoentertainitsmasters.

Lisaidthattherobot,developedindependentlyinChina,hastechnologyatthesamelevelas

thoseinWesternlabs.

Chinasetabouttheresearchoftherobotin2007,whenitwaslistedasanationalkeyproject.

Itisbackedbygovernmentfunding（撥款）.Chinahastheworld'slargestelderlypopulationwith

159millionpeopleover60,accountingfor12percentofitstotalpopulation.Accordingtoa

surveybytheMinistryofCivilAffairs,morethan10millioncaregiversandnursesareneededto

attendtheelderly,asmostofChineseelderlyprefertolivetheirretiredlivesathome.

1.Theunderlinedword"backed"inthelastparagraphmeans.

A.supportedB.suggestedC.controlledD.stopped

2.Fromthelastparagraphweknowthat.

A.ourgovernmentpaysnoattentiontotheelderlypeople

B.Chinahastheworld'slargestelderlypopulation

C.Chineseelderlypeopleprefertobelookedafterbyrobotcaregivers

D.robotsarethebestfriendsforthelonelyelderlypeople

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Robotcaregiverswillappearinthemarketin2to3years.

B.Robotcaregiverscanhelpelderlypeopletodoeverything.

C.ChinaneedssometechnicalsupportfromWesternlabs.

D.Therobotisexpectedtobeboughtbyeveryperson.

4.Theauthorwrotethepassageto.

A.advertisearobotcaregivertotheelderly

B.tellChineseelderlynottoworryabouttheirlives

C.explainhowrobotcaregiversworkinthefuture

D.introduceanewly-developedrobotcaregiver

四、

OnTuesday,Chinaannouncedithadgrownthefirsteverplantsonthemoon,daysafter

landingonthemoon's"farside“VonKarmancrater.Thecottonseedsprouts（新芽）seemedto

havewithstoodthetoughlunarconditions:freezingtemperatures,lowergravitylevels,and

radiation.

ButbyThursday,thenewcottonseedsproutshaddeadalready,accordingtoLiuHanlong,

theexperimentleader;inagovernmentpressconferencestatement.

AfterChang'e-4landedonthefarsideofthemoonearlierthismonth,theprobe（探測器）

wassentacommandtoremotelywatertheplantsandstartthegrowingprocess.Atubedirected

naturallightonthesurfaceofthemoonintothesmallcontainertoallowtheplantstogrow.The

probeenteredasleepmodeonSunday,thefirstlunarnightaftertheprobe'slanding.

ProfessorXieGengxin,professoratChongqingUniversityandchiefdesignerofthe

experiment,toldCNNthatitendedafterninedayswhenthecontrolteamshutdownthepower.

Xiesaidtemperaturesinsidethebiospherehadgrowntooabnormalandreachedextremesthat

wouldlikelykillalllife,includingtheseedsandeggsduringthelunarnight.Xiedidn'tconfirm

whytemperatureshadrisentolevelsunbearablefortheplantsinspiteofthemeasurestakenby

theresearchteam.

Eventhoughtheexperimentwasquicklyterminated,Xieconsidereditasuccess.Thecotton

weretheonlyseedstosprout,however,anddespitemanyassumptionsaboutthefuture

possibilityofmoonclothes,thecottonplant'smainpurposethistimewastogiveresearchersthe

valuabledataonhowtocultivatelifeinthemoon'stoughconditions.Theeventualabilitytogrow

plantsonthemooncouldproveusefulforlong-termspacemissions,likeatriptoMars.

Astronautscouldtheoreticallyharvesttheirownfoodinspace,avoidingtheneedtoreturnto

Earthtoresupply.

Asidefromtheapparentfailureofthebiologicalorplantexperiment,therestofChina's

missiontothefarsideofthemoonappearedontrackasofThursday.Thehistoricmissionis

intendedtoaccomplisharangeoftasks,includingconductingthefirstlunarlow-frequencyradio

astronomyexperimentandexploringwhetherthereiswateratthemoon'spoles.

Chang'e-4isthelateststepinChina'sroboticlunar-explorationprogram,namedaftera

moongoddessinChinesemythology.ChinaplanstolaunchtheChang'e-5sample-returnmission

sometimethisyear.

l.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“withstood"mean?

A.Appreciated.B.Sufferedfrom.C.Iblerated.D.Beensubjectto.

2.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Themeasuresoftheresearchteam.B.Thecauseofceasingtheexperiment.

C.Thereasonfortheextremetemperature.D.Thefailureandimpactoftheexperiment.

3.Whatisthemajortargetoftheplantexperiment?

A.Tomakemoonclothespossible.

B.Toensureitsvalueforlong-termspacemissions.

C.ToenableastronautstoharvesttheirownfoodwithoutreturningtoEarthtoresupply.

D.Toaccumulatethepricelessdataonhowtogrowlifeinthemoon'ssevereconditions.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.China'smoonplantshavedied

B.China'smissiontothefarsideofthemoon

C.TheChang'e-5sample-returnmission

□.Astronauts'effortstocultivatelifeinthemoon

五、

Chinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon-reproductivecells,scientistssaid

onThursday.ByDecember2017,theChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclone

macaques（驕猴）named"ZhongZhong"and"HuaHuaHbynucleartransfer（核移植）ofbodycells

—anycellintheorganismotherthanreproductivecells.Thiswasthesimilartechnologyusedto

createthefamousclonesheepDollyin1996.

Tetra,amonkeybornin1999,istheworld'sfirstever-clonedmonkey,butitwasdoneusinga

simplermethodcalledembryosplitting,andcannotbegeneticallymodified（改造）tosuit

experimentalneeds,saidPuMuming,aleadingresearcherattheChineseAcademyofSciences.

Cloningamonkeyusingbodycellshasbeenaworld-classchallengebecauseitisaprimate（靈長

類）thatsharesitsgeneticmake-upwithhumans,hesaid.

Fordrugandotherlabtests,scientistshavetopurchasemonkeysfromallovertheworld,

whichiscostly,badfortheenvironmentandproducesinaccurateresultsbecauseeachmonkey

mighthavedifferentgenes,Pusaid.

"Bycloningmonkeysusingbodycells,wecanreproducealargenumberofgenetically

identicalmonkeysinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitour

needs,"headded."Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurate

results,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine."

SunQiang,directorofthenon-humanprimateresearchfacilityattheinstitute,saidmostof

thedrugtestsarecurrentlydoneonlabmice.However,drugsthatworkonmicemightnotwork

orevenhaveseveresideeffectsonhumansbecausethetwospeciesaresodifferent.

Monkeysandhumansarebothprimates,sotheyaremuchcloselyrelatedandtestingon

monkeysissupposedtobeaseffectiveastestingonhumans.ThisachievementwillhelpChina

leadtheworldresearchinaninternationalscienceprojectrelatedtostudyofprimatebrains.

l.Whichdescriptionofthetwoclonemacaquesistrue?

A.Theywerethefirstmonkeysever-clonedintheworld.

B.Theywerecreatedusingreproductivecells.

C.Theywouldnotbefedtosuitexperimentalneeds.

D.ThetechnologyusedtocreatethemwassimilartothatofcreatingDolly.

2.Cloningmonkeysusingbodycellsfordrugandotherlabtestsis.

A.time-consumingB.veryexpensiveC.moreefficientD.inaccurate

3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.PuMumingandSunQiangweredoingmostworkincloningthetwomacaques.

B.Geneticresearchonmonkeyscanbeseenaseffectiveasthatonhumans.

C.Mostdrugtestshavebeendoneonmicebecausemicesharethesamegeneticmake-upwith

humans.

□.Scientistsmassreproduceclonemonkeysonlytocutdownexperimentcosts.

4.Thispassageabovecanbemostprobablyreadin.

A.asciencemagazineB.atravelguidebookC.animaginaryfictionD.alabbrochure

六、

Chinasuccessfullysentthe52ndand53rdsatellitesofitsdomesticallydevelopedBeiDou

NavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS)—thelasttwomediumEarthorbit(MEO)satellitesfortheBDS-3

constellation(星座)一intospaceonMonday,markingthecompletionoftheglobalnavigation

system'scoreconstellationdeployment(部署)andthisyear'sBDSsatellitelaunchcampaign.

LaunchedfromXichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,SichuanProvince,onboardaLong

March-3BcarrierrocketwithanExpedition-1upperstage,thetwosatelliteswereinjectedinto

plannedorbitsaftermorethanthreehours'flight.

SincethefirstBDS-3satellitewaslaunchedonNovember5,2017,Chinahasconducted18

BDSsatellitelaunchmissions,successfullysending30intotheirplannedorbit,settinganational

recordforhighestmissionfrequencyandsuccessrate.

In-orbittestswillbecarriedoutbeforethetwoMEOsatellitesarecommissioned(正式委

托).BythenthecoreconstellationfortheChineseglobalnavigationsatellitesystemwillbe

successfullycompleted.

WangPing,chiefdesigneroftheBDS-3system,saidthatthehybridconstellationdesign,in

whichthreegroupsofsatellites—theInclinedGeoSynchronousOrbit(IGSO),MEOand

geosynchronousEarthorbit(GEO)-workinconcertindifferentorbits,wasanexclusiveBDS

innovationandaworldfirst."'Existingglobalnavigationsatellitesystems,suchastheUSGPSand

Russia'sGLONASS,onlyhaveaMEOsatelliteconstellation/saidWang.

TheMEOsatellites,inorbit20,000kilometersaboveEarth,areaspecialtypeofsatellite

providingglobalservice,whiletheIGSOandGEOsatellites,inanorbit360,000kilometersabove

Earth,mainlyenhanceregionalservicequality,accordingtoWang.Thatexplainedwhy

completionoftheMEOconstellationwassignificant,markingthecompletionofthecorenetwork

forBDS-3,meaningastableBDS-3globalcoveragewithoutweakpointshasbeencarriedout.

FeedbackshowsthattheBDSservicequalitywasalreadycomparabletoGPSsincetheend

of2018,andaftercompletingBDS-3,〃WewillbeasgoodasanyGNSS."Wangsaid.

l.HowmanyBDSsatellitesweresentintotheirplannedorbitsuccessfully?

A.3.B.18.C.30.D.36.

Z.What'stheadvantageofBDScomparedwithGPSandGLONASS?

A.Thediversefunctions.

B.Theexcellentservicequality.

C.Thelowercostofdesigningit.

D.Theabilitytoworkindifferentorbits.

3.WhyaretheMEOsatellitesimportant?

A.Theyenhanceregionalservicequality.

B.Theycanbeputintouseimmediately.

C.Theycanenterfartherorbits.

D.Theycanservetheworld.

4.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ChinaBecomestheFirstCountrytoLaunchaMEOSatellite

B.TheCoreConstellationofBDS-3CompletesDeployment

C.TheBDS-3SystemHasBenefitedManyCountries

0.ExploringSpaceIsVeryImportanttotheWorld

答案以及解析

答案：l.C;2.A;3.D

解析:1.根據(jù)第一段可知,VR大會的目的有很多。其中promotingbreakthroughsintheeconomic

andsocialdevelopmentofJiangxiprovince可以判斷C項(xiàng)正確。

2.根據(jù)第二、四段可知,5G為VR的發(fā)展提供了平臺和助力。

3.根據(jù)全文可以看出，這是一篇新聞報道，主要講了VR大會在南昌舉行。

二、

答案：l.C;2.B;3.A;4.D

解析：1.主旨大意題。整篇文章圍繞兩個機(jī)器人爭吵引發(fā)網(wǎng)友關(guān)注的內(nèi)容展開，故選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句.whichbroughtagreatamusementtothelibrarygoer...推斷

出去圖書館的人被機(jī)器人的爭吵逗樂了，故選Bo

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)網(wǎng)友評論以及第十段第二句"TutuandWangbaobecameinternethot

figures,evenattractingattention..可知機(jī)器人爭吵吸引了大眾的注意力，故選A。

4.文章出處題。根據(jù)作者引用的網(wǎng)友評論，可判斷是一篇來自網(wǎng)絡(luò)的文章，故選D。

三、

答案：1-4ABAD

解析：1.詞義猜測題。由前一句的"anationalkeyproject”及其后的"bygovernmentfunding（?

款）〃可知，〃back〃意為〃支持”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第三句"Chinahastheworld'slargestelderlypeculationwith159

millionpeopleover60,accountingfor12percentofitstotalpopulation.“可知。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段“Weareworkingontestingtheexactfunctionsandwaystoreducethe

costinpreparationsforanexpectedmarketlaunchoftherobotintwotothreeyears...”可知。

4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文講述了一種可以照顧孤獨(dú)老年人生活的機(jī)器人即將面世，

以及與其相關(guān)的測試、功能、技術(shù)、前景等問題。

四、

答案：l.C;2.B;3.D;4.A

解析：1.詞義猜測題。劃線的"withstood〃是什么意思?根據(jù)第二段ButbyThursday,thenew

cottonseedsproutshaddeadalready,accordingtoLiuHanlong,theexperimentleader,ina

governmentpressconferencestatement.但據(jù)試驗(yàn)負(fù)責(zé)人劉漢龍在政府新聞發(fā)布會上的聲

明，到周四，新的棉籽芽已經(jīng)死亡。由此推知,周二發(fā)布消息的時候，棉籽芽還活著。再根據(jù)劃

線i司后的thetoughlunarconditions:freezingtemperatures,lowergravitylevels,andradiation.

嚴(yán)酷的月球環(huán)境:冰凍的溫度、較低的重力水平和輻射）可知，棉籽芽似乎忍受住了嚴(yán)酷的月球

環(huán)境。由此可知,withstood意思為“忍受"。故選（：人感激也遭受;（：.忍受。受制于....

2.主旨大意題。第四段的主要內(nèi)容是什么?根據(jù)第四段中Xiesaidtemperaturesinsidethe

biospherehadgrowntooabnormalandreachedextremesthatwouldlikelykillalllife,including

theseedsandeggsduringthelunarnight.Xiedidn'tconfirmwhytemperatureshadrisento

levelsunbearablefortheplantsinspiteofthemeasurestakenbytheresearchteam.謝說,生物圈

內(nèi)的溫度已經(jīng)變得太不正常了，達(dá)到了可能會殺死所有生命的極端溫度，包括在月夜期間的種

子和雞蛋。謝沒有證實(shí)為什么盡管研究小組采取了措施,溫度還是上升到了讓植物無法忍受

的水平。由此可知,第四段主要講了停止實(shí)驗(yàn)的原因。故選BoA.研究小組的措施；B.停止試

驗(yàn)的原因;C.極端溫度的原因；D.實(shí)驗(yàn)的失敗和影響。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。植物實(shí)驗(yàn)的主要目標(biāo)是什么？根據(jù)第五段中Thecottonweretheonlyseedsto

sprout,however,anddespitemanyassumptionsaboutthefuturepossibilityofmoonclothes,the

cottonplanfsmainpurposethistimewastogiveresearchersthevaluabledataonhowto

cultivatelifeinthemoon'stoughconditions.棉花是唯一能發(fā)芽的種子，然而，盡管對未來月球衣

服的可能性有很多假設(shè),棉花植物這次的主要目的是為研究人員提供如何在月球艱苦條件下

培育生命的寶貴數(shù)據(jù)。由此可知，植物實(shí)驗(yàn)的主要目標(biāo)是積累關(guān)于如何在月球惡劣條件下生

命生長的寶貴數(shù)據(jù)。故選D.A.使月球上的衣服成為可能;B.確保其在長期太空任務(wù)中的價值;

C.讓宇航員在不返回地球的情況下收獲自己的食物；D.積累關(guān)于如何在月球惡劣條件下生長

生命的無價數(shù)據(jù)。

4.主旨大意題。課文的最佳標(biāo)題是什么？根據(jù)第二段ButbyThursday,thenewcottonseed

sproutshaddeadalready,accordingtoLiuHanlong,theexperimentleader,inagovernmentpress

conferencestatement.但據(jù)試驗(yàn)負(fù)責(zé)人劉漢龍在政府新聞發(fā)布會上說，到周四,新的棉籽芽已

經(jīng)死亡。結(jié)合文章主要說明了周二,中國宣布在月球遠(yuǎn)側(cè)"VonKarman隕石坑著陸幾天后，首

次在月球上種植植物，但是周四，實(shí)驗(yàn)負(fù)責(zé)人在政府新聞發(fā)布會上說中國在月球上的棉籽芽已

經(jīng)死亡，且描述了與之相關(guān)的原因、意義等,故A選項(xiàng)"中國的月球植物E經(jīng)死亡”符合文章標(biāo)

題。故選A,A中國的月球植物已經(jīng)死亡;B.中國的月球遠(yuǎn)側(cè)使命;C.嫦娥5號樣品返回任務(wù);D.

宇航員在月球上培育生命的努力.

五、

答案：1-4.DCBA

解析：1.考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Thiswasthesimilartechnologyusedtocreatethe

famousclonesheepDollyin1996"可知，克隆掰撅使用的技術(shù)與著名的克隆羊Dolly使用的技

術(shù)是相似的。其他選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不符