非謂語動詞(不定式)

大學英語CollegeEnglish2021/5/91英語語法從句非謂語動詞虛擬語氣主謂一致時態(tài)與語態(tài)強調和倒裝√2021/5/92非謂語動詞2021/5/93非謂語動詞不定式（todo）分詞動名詞（-ing）過去分詞（-ed）現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing）2021/5/94

不定式的語法功能

動詞不定式的構成：（to）+do具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征；否定式：not+（to）do2021/5/95不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)、語態(tài)主動被動一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進行式tohavebeendoing/2021/5/961．一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后。It'snicetomeetyou.HewantstobeaphysicistWeplantopayavisittothe

Leaning

TowerofPisa.2021/5/972．進行式：不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生。Theboypretendedtobestudyingseriously.Sheseemstobereadinginhisroom.2021/5/983．完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前。Ihappenedtohaveseentheopera.Heispleasedtohavemethisoldclassmates.2021/5/99不定式的語法功能

作主語作表語作賓語作賓語補足語作定語作狀語2021/5/910主語2021/5/911Tofinishthetaskinaweekisveryhard.一周之內完成這項任務是很難的。Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.灰心意味著失敗。2021/5/912主語動詞不定式短語作主語時，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式置于句后。2021/5/913Itisveryhardtofinishthetaskinaweek.一周之內完成這項任務是很難的。Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.灰心意味著失敗。2021/5/914主語It+be+名詞+todoIttakessb.+sometime+todoIt+be+形容詞+ofsb.+todo2021/5/915Ittookmeonlyamonthtocompletetheproject.Itisverydifficultformetofinishthereportovernight.It'sourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.2021/5/916表語2021/5/917Myworkistocleanthewashingroomeveryday.Hisidealistobeatopengineer.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.2021/5/918賓語2021/5/919賓語afford（負擔得起），agree（同意），dare（敢于），decide（決定），happen（碰巧），hesitate（猶豫），fail（不能），guarantee（保證），tend（傾向），manage（設法），pretend（假裝），offer（提供），plan（計劃）2021/5/920Heofferedtohelpme.Thestudentfailedtopasstheexam.Ireallycan't

afford

toseethiscompanygobankruptcy.I

guarantee

tofulfillthetask.

We

manage

to

getmostofourproduceinBritain.

2021/5/921注意事項1如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足語，則用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面。2021/5/922MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.Ifounditimpossibletoanswerallthequestionswithinthetimegiven.Allofusthinkiturgenttoimplementeconomicreform.2021/5/923注意事項2動詞+疑問詞+不定式有些動詞可以要求其后的不定式前面加一個連接副（代）詞，一起充當賓語。what，when，where，which，how，whether等。2021/5/924Couldyoutellmewhether

togoforapicnic?Mymothershowedmehowtopreparemeals.Hegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearncomputer.2021/5/925注意事項3動詞+賓語+不定式不定式可以做賓語補足語2021/5/926Theofficerorderedhissoldierstofire.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.I

have

no

choice

but

to

believewhatyou'resaying.I

have

no

choice

but

to

do

as

he

tells

me.2021/5/927定語2021/5/928定語通常放在被修飾的詞后面，往往表示未發(fā)生的動作。2021/5/929Ihavealotofworktodo.Ihaveameetingtoattend.Shefoundacomfortablehousetolivein.That's

the

thing

to

worry

about.備注：所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等，應有必要的介詞2021/5/930It

is

a

great

place

to

live.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.Let's

practice

now.

It's

the

best

way

to

learn.備注：如果不定式修飾time,place,way，可以省略介詞。2021/5/931狀語2021/5/932狀語表目的表結果表原因表程度2021/5/933作目的狀語常用結構：todo,onlyto,inorderto,soastodo,so（such）…asto…2021/5/934Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.Icomehereonlytosaygood-byetoyou.Heworkeddayandnightinordertogetthemoney.

2021/5/935Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.

備注：注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致。╳╳n.方法，手段2021/5/936作結果狀語常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容詞/副詞+asto引導。2021/5/937Iawoketofindmyluggagegone.Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.Hesearchedtheroomtofindnothing.2021/5/938作原因狀語2021/5/939Shesmiledtoseethestudentssohappy.Shesmiledbecauseshesawthestudentssohappy.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.Theywereverysadbecausetheyheardthenews.2021/5/940狀語表目的表結果表原因表程度2021/5/941省略to的不定式2021/5/942cannotbut（只得）cannothelpbut（不得不，只得）hadbetter（最好還是）hadrather（寧愿）wouldrather（寧愿）wouldsooner（寧愿）may（just）aswell（還是...的好）must（just）aswell（幸好）ratherthan（而不是）whynot（為什么不）wouldyouplease（請您...）helpsb.（to）dosth.2021/5/943I

cannot

but

admire

your

bravery.Icannothelpbutthinkthat

isveryimportant.They

had

better

think

again.I

would

rather

sleepthanwatchthismovie.2021/5/944Thispromotesempathyratherthanresentment.Why

not

eat

more

fruits?Would

you

please

fill

out

a

depositslip?Could

you

helpmefindanapartment?n.同情n.憎恨填寫存款單2021/5/945省略to的不定式donothing/anything/everything...but/except結構不帶to。2021/5/946LastnightIdidnothingbutwatchTV.Ihavedonenothing

exceptdowhatIshould.Last

evening

I

did

nothing

but

repair

myfarm

tools.2021/5/947省略to的不定式當謂語動詞是感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find和使役動詞let,have,make時，作賓語補語的不定式可以省去to。如果這些動詞為被動形式，則要保留to。2021/5/948Iheardhimlockthedoor.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Theyweremadet