豬生產(chǎn)和豬群健康管理

SwineProductionandHerdHealthManagement

豬生產(chǎn)和豬群健康管理KurtPreugschas張克特MyBackground（我的背景）Grewuponafamilyrun800sownucleusherdwith3hiredemployees生長(zhǎng)于一個(gè)擁有800頭核心母豬群場(chǎng)并雇傭了三個(gè)員工的家庭Iwasinvolvedinmanagementandthegeneticselectionprogram負(fù)責(zé)豬場(chǎng)管理及豬群遺傳選育計(jì)劃3yearsinuniversitytakingBachelorofScienceinAgriculture在農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)三年并獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位2yearsinWesternCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine在沙省西部獸醫(yī)學(xué)院進(jìn)修了2年Alberta,Canada加拿大,阿爾伯達(dá)Bloomsbury,Alberta,Canada加拿大阿爾伯達(dá)省布隆斯伯里AlbertaversusHeilongjiang

阿爾伯達(dá)與黑龍江對(duì)比Alberta阿爾伯達(dá)650,000km2650,000平方公里3.5millionpeople350萬人口5people/km2每平方公里5個(gè)人205,000sows205,000頭母豬3.2millionmarkethogsperyear年出欄320萬頭肥豬Heilongjiang黑龍江460,000km2460,000平方公里37millionpeople3700萬人口83people/km2每平方公里83個(gè)人1.4millionsows140萬頭母豬15.8millionmarkethogsperyear年出欄1580萬頭肥豬PigBreeds 種豬選育

Maternal母本LandraceXYorkshire=F1長(zhǎng)白X約克夏=F1代母豬Highfecundityandmotheringability高繁殖力，母性好Terminalsire終端父本Duroc,Pietrain,Hampshire杜洛克，皮特蘭，漢普夏DurocXLacombe=Trailblazer杜洛克X拉康姆豬=型雜交豬Growth,carcassandmeatquality成長(zhǎng)性，胴體及瘦肉品質(zhì)Lacombe拉康姆豬Duroc杜洛克Trailblazerboar新型雜交公豬

Terminalsire終端父本Landrace長(zhǎng)白Yorkshire約克夏X=X=X=Markethogs商品豬F1gilts/sowsF1后備/母豬

Maternalline母系A(chǔ)dvantagesofTrailblazerforTerminalSire

新型雜交豬做為終端父本的優(yōu)勢(shì)Excellentmeatquality優(yōu)良的豬肉品質(zhì)Optimumheterosis完美的雜交優(yōu)勢(shì)Easyboarhandling公豬易于管理Increasedsemenproduction精液數(shù)量有所增加Paternal

終端父本Duroc

杜洛克 X=MarketHogs

商品豬Maternal

母系Landrace

長(zhǎng)白X=F1Y

x

Lgilt

二元雜交后備母豬Yorkshire

大白MostCommonCanadianPigBreeds

加拿大最常用的三品種雜交生產(chǎn)體系GeneticPyramid遺傳金字塔GeneticNucleus–Purebreds遺傳核心－純種 Landrace,Yorkshire,Duroc,Lacombe,etc.

長(zhǎng)白，約克夏，杜洛克，拉康姆等等。Multiplier–ProduceF1雜交繁育F1代母豬

LandraceXYorkshire=F1

長(zhǎng)白X約克夏=F1代母本Commercial–Markethogs商品豬 F1XTerminalsire

F1X終端父本GeneticImprovement遺傳改良Usehighperformancegenetics

應(yīng)用高遺傳力PigsthathavetheabilitytoperformifmanagedcorrectlyBreedingprogram

育種計(jì)劃MatingpigswiththedesiredorcomplementarytraitsRateofimprovementdependson改良進(jìn)度：Selectionintensity(fewerandbetteranimals=moreprogress)Heritabilityoftraits(higher=moreprogress)Generationinterval(fasterturnoverofherd=moreprogress)GeneticImprovement

遺傳改良Performancetesting性狀檢測(cè) –EstimatedBreedingValue(EBV)program

評(píng)估預(yù)計(jì)育種值計(jì)劃Measureofthegeneticvalueofananimal(itsvalueasaparent)ExcellenttooltoselectgeneticallysuperioranimalsformatingComparesallpigsinCanadaMostimportanttraitsaregrowthrate,backfat,leanmuscle,littersizeManyfactorsinfluenceperformanceofanimalsEnvironment–temperature,space,socialrankPhysical–appetite,condition,weightManagement–diet,water,feedingprogramSireLineIndex–growthrate,feedconversion,leanmuscleDamLineIndex–littersize,growthrate,feedconversionGeneticImprovement

遺傳改良SelectionofindividualswithdesiredtraitsSelecttraitsthatareeconomicallyimportant選擇擁有所需性狀的個(gè)體RecordkeepingManydifferentcomputerprogramsEssentialtomaintainidentityofindividualpigsAllowstovisualizeandpredictimprovements記錄保存－計(jì)算機(jī)計(jì)劃Continuedmonitoringofdata/animalsandimprovements對(duì)動(dòng)物相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)及性狀提高進(jìn)行持續(xù)的監(jiān)測(cè)FarmSystems農(nóng)場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)FarrowtoFinish仔豬－育肥豬Breeding,farrowing,nursery,finishingallatsamesite/farm種豬，仔豬，保育豬，育肥豬都在同一個(gè)地點(diǎn)/農(nóng)場(chǎng)Twositeunit兩點(diǎn)式養(yǎng)殖Onesitehasbreeding,farrowing,+/-nursery一點(diǎn)飼養(yǎng)種豬，仔豬和保育豬Othersitehasfinishing,+/-nursery另一點(diǎn)飼養(yǎng)育肥豬，保育豬Threesites三點(diǎn)式養(yǎng)殖Onesitehasbreedingandfarrowing一點(diǎn)飼養(yǎng)種豬和仔豬Onesitehasnursery一點(diǎn)飼養(yǎng)保育豬Onesitehasfinishing一點(diǎn)飼養(yǎng)育肥豬Pigflow養(yǎng)豬模式Continuousflow全程飼養(yǎng)Differentagesinsamelargeairspace不同階段的豬只生活在同一區(qū)域Increaseriskofdiseasetransmission增加了傳播疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Decreasedabilitytoclean降低了消毒的功效All-in-all-out全進(jìn)全出Smallairspace小的區(qū)域Pigsallofsameageandsize豬只處于相同生長(zhǎng)階段Byroom:multipleroomsin1building豬舍：一個(gè)場(chǎng)區(qū)有大量相同的豬舍Bybuilding:entirebuilding場(chǎng)區(qū)：完整統(tǒng)一Moreefficientmanagement更加有效的管理GestationSowHousing懷孕母豬舍StalledHousing定位欄Easymanagement便于管理Preventsaggression預(yù)防豬群間互相攻擊Ensuresfeedingconsistency保證采食量的均衡Decreasednormalbehaviour減少了正常的活動(dòng)Weakermusclesandbones降低了肌肉及骨胳的性能GestationSowHousing懷孕母豬舍GroupHousing群養(yǎng)Variable數(shù)量不定Allowsnormalmovement&behaviour母豬可以正常活動(dòng)Increasedfightingandaggression增加了打架及攻擊的機(jī)會(huì)Variablefeedintakeconsistency不確定的采食量Strongerbonesandmuscles擁有強(qiáng)壯的肌肉及骨胳ElectronicSowFeeder母豬電子飼喂器GestationSowHousing懷孕母豬舍CombinationHousing結(jié)合式飼養(yǎng)Thefutureofsowhousing母豬飼養(yǎng)的未來Allowsindependentandstress-freeeating達(dá)到了獨(dú)立及自由采食Givesoptiontogetexerciseandsocialize母豬擁有了鍛煉及實(shí)現(xiàn)其群體性的選擇Bestofstallsandgrouphousingsystems最好的欄舍及群養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)Ventilation通風(fēng)Goodventilationsystemessentialtomaintainhealthandperformanceofpigs為了保持豬群的健康及良好性能，完善的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)是必須的。Fans–removemoistureandgasesBestifvariablespeedswiththermostat–canincrease/decreasespeedfordifferenttemperaturesandturnon/offbyitself通風(fēng)機(jī)：除濕及有害氣體－速度可調(diào)節(jié)恒溫器是最好的：可以根據(jù)溫度加大或降低速度Inlets–supplyfreshair入口：提供新鮮空氣Controller&sensors–allowstomonitorandadjusteasily控制器&傳感器：使監(jiān)控和調(diào)節(jié)變的易行