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Appositive

同位語辨認(rèn)同位語從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)同位語的名詞性從句稱為同位語從句。一個名詞(或其它形式)對另一個名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾,限定或說明,這個名詞(或其它形式)就是同位語。同位語與被它限定的詞常常緊挨在一起。

同位語四大分類1.名詞作同位語2.短語作同位語3.直接引語作同位語4.句子作同位語

N1+N2句子作同位語1.名詞作同位語Mr.Wang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.Mr.Johnson

cares

for

us

students

very

much.

2.短語作同位語Thefossilconsistsofacompleteskullofanarchaeocyte,anextinctgroupofancestorsofmoderncetaceans.3.直接引語作同位語Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”4.句子作同位語ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.Experimenthavealsocastseriousdoubtonthebeliefthatyawningistriggeredbyadropinbloodoxygenorariseinbloodcarbondioxide.4.同位語從句用法一、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容二、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that,連接代詞what,who。連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)

三、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。4.同位語從句用法一、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容

N(,)+同位語從句二、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that,連接代詞what,who。連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)

三、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。4.同位語從句用法一、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容

N(,)+同位語從句二、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that,連接代詞what,who。連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)

that/what/who/how/when…可引導(dǎo)同位語從句三、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。4.同位語從句用法一、同位語從句一般跟在某些名詞后面,用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容

往往N(,)+同位語從句二、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞通有連詞that,whether,連接代詞what,who。連接副詞how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引導(dǎo)同位語從句。)

that/what/who/how/when…可引導(dǎo)同位語從句三、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面,而被別的詞隔開。在語法上叫做分隔式同位語從句。有時N+X+同位語從句N(,)+同位語從句①可以跟同位語從句的抽象名詞通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,possibility等。例如:Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.I’vecomefromMr.Wangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.N(,)+同位語從句②在某些名詞表“建議,命令,要求等”(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)后面的同位語從句要用虛擬語氣(即should+動詞原形;should可?。├纾篢herewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.that/what/who/how/when…可引導(dǎo)同位語從句1.連詞that引導(dǎo)同位語從句(注:引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that通常不能省略,但在非正式文體中也可以省去。)例如:Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.HegrabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.that/what/who/how/when…可引導(dǎo)同位語從句2.連接代詞what,who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)同位語從句Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.3.連接副詞when,where,how,why引導(dǎo)同位語從句

lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback.有時N+X+同位語從句例如:Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.

Severalyearslater,wordscamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.有時N+X+同位語從句例如:Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.

Severalyearslater,words

camethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.同位語四大分類1.名詞作同位語2.短語作同位語3.直接引語作同位語4.句子作同位語

N1+N2句子作同位語NegativeFactualInformationQuestions

否定事實信息題否定事實信息題講解大綱1.題型特征2.提問形式3.解題思路4.選項特征5.真題訓(xùn)練ThesequestionsaskyoutoverifywhatinformationistrueandwhatinformationisNOTtrueornotincludedinthepassagebasedoninformationthatisexplicitlystatedinthepassage.Remember,forthistypeofquestion,thecorrectansweristheonethatisNOTtrue.1.題型特征Thesequestionsaskyoutoverify(目的:驗證信息)whatinformationistrueandwhatinformationisNOTtrueornotincluded(錯誤選項特征:錯誤或未提及)inthepassagebasedoninformationthatisexplicitlystated(根據(jù)明確提及的信息)inthepassage.Remember,forthistypeofquestion,thecorrectansweristheonethatisNOTtrue.

1.題型特征1.出題點&設(shè)題目的出題點:主要集中在文中明確出現(xiàn)的事實信息,例如事實,細(xì)節(jié),定義,或作者闡述的其他相關(guān)信息。設(shè)題目的:驗證文章某一部分中明確提出的特定信息,哪些是正確的,哪些是錯誤的或者沒有包含在內(nèi)的。以便清晰而正確地理解文章細(xì)節(jié)??疾槟芰Γ盒畔⒑瞬槟芰Γ渥永斫饽芰Γㄟ壿?內(nèi)容)2.提問形式Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofX?Theauthor’sdescriptionofXmentionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,checkyouranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,checkyouranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.(先定位,后排除法驗證)UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,checkyouranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,checkyouranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.(比事實信息題答案分布更廣)InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,checkyouranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,checkyouranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.(直接矛盾或未提及)AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,checkyouranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,checkyouranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路Toanswerthiskindofquestion,firstlocatetherelevantinformationinthepassage.Thenverifythatthreeofthefouranswerchoicesaretrueandthattheremainingchoiceisfalse.UsuallyaNegativeFactualInformationquestionrequiresyoutocheckmoreofthepassagethanaFactualInformationquestion.Thethreechoicesthatarementionedinthepassagemaybespreadacrossaparagraphorseveralparagraphs.InNegativeFactualInformationquestions,thecorrectanswereitherdirectlycontradictsoneormorestatementsinthepassageorisnotmentionedinthepassageatall.AfteryoufinishaNegativeFactualInformationQuestion,check(驗證)youranswertomakesureyouhaveaccuratelyunderstoodthetask.3.解題思路“探戈三步法”:(1)“左”

閱讀題干,找出關(guān)鍵詞/定位詞,確定答案范圍。(2)

“右”返回原文,迅速定位。(3)

“左右”排除法剔除錯誤選項。切記:正確答案必有明確出處,莫憑“眼熟”答題。少數(shù)單一邏輯題可直選。

小試牛刀Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingweresocialeffectsofthenewmetaltechnologyinAfricaEXCEPT:A.

Accesstometaltoolsandweaponscreatedgreatersocialequality.B.

Metalweaponsincreasedthepowerofwarriors.C.

Irontoolshelpedincreasethefoodsupply.D.

Technicalknowledgegavereligiouspowertoitsholders.例1.ThistechnologicalshiftcauseprofoundchangesinthecomplexityofAfricansocieties.Ironrepresentedpower.InWestAfricatheblacksmithwhomadetoolsandweaponshadanimportantplaceinsociety,oftenwithspecialreligiouspowersandfunctions.Ironhoes,whichmadethelandmoreproductive,andironweapons,whichmadethewarriormorepowerful,hadsymbolicmeaninginanumberofWestAfricasocieties.Thosewhoknewthesecretsofmakingirongainedritualandsometimespoliticalpower.

小試牛刀Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingweresocialeffectsofthenewmetaltechnologyinAfricaEXCEPT:A.

Accesstometaltoolsandweaponscreatedgreatersocialequality.B.

Metalweaponsincreasedthepowerofwarriors.C.

Irontoolshelpedincreasethefoodsupply.D.

Technicalknowledgegavereligiouspowertoitsholders.例1.Thistechnologicalshiftcauseprofound

changesinthecomplexityofAfricansocieties.Ironrepresentedpower.InWestAfricatheblacksmithwhomadetoolsandweaponshadanimportantplaceinsociety,oftenwithspecialreligiouspowersandfunctions.Ironhoes,whichmadethelandmoreproductive,andironweapons,whichmadethewarriormorepowerful,hadsymbolicmeaninginanumberofWestAfricasocieties.Thosewhoknewthesecretsofmakingirongainedritualandsometimespoliticalpower.

小試牛刀Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingweresocialeffectsofthenewmetaltechnologyinAfricaEXCEPT:A.

Accesstometaltoolsandweaponscreatedgreatersocialequality.B.

Metalweaponsincreasedthepowerofwarriors.C.

Irontoolshelpedincreasethefoodsupply.D.

Technicalknowledgegavereligiouspowertoitsholders.例1.ThistechnologicalshiftcauseprofoundchangesinthecomplexityofAfricansocieties.Ironrepresentedpower.InWestAfricatheblacksmithwhomadetoolsandweaponshadanimportantplaceinsociety,oftenwithspecialreligiouspowersandfunctions.Ironhoes,whichmadethelandmoreproductive,andironweapons,whichmadethewarriormorepowerful,hadsymbolicmeaninginanumberofWestAfricasocieties.Thosewhoknewthesecretsofmakingirongainedritualandsometimespoliticalpower.

小試牛刀Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingweresocialeffectsofthenewmetaltechnologyinAfricaEXCEPT:A.

Accesstometaltoolsandweaponscreatedgreatersocialequality.B.

Metalweaponsincreasedthepowerofwarriors.C.

Irontoolshelpedincreasethefoodsupply.D.

Technicalknowledgegavereligiouspowertoitsholders.例1.ThistechnologicalshiftcauseprofoundchangesinthecomplexityofAfricansocieties.Ironrepresentedpower.InWestAfricatheblacksmithwhomadetoolsandweaponshadanimportantplaceinsociety,oftenwithspecialreligiouspowersandfunctions.Ironhoes,whichmadethelandmoreproductive,andironweapons,whichmadethewarriormorepowerful,hadsymbolicmeaninginanumberofWestAfricasocieties.Thosewhoknewthesecretsofmakingirongainedritualandsometimespoliticalpower.

小試牛刀Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingweresocialeffectsofthenewmetaltechnologyinAfricaEXCEPT:A.

Accesstometaltoolsandweaponscreatedgreatersocialequality.B.

Metalweaponsincreasedthepowerofwarriors.C.

Irontoolshelpedincreasethefoodsupply.D.

Technicalknowledgegavereligiouspowertoitsholders.例1.ThistechnologicalshiftcauseprofoundchangesinthecomplexityofAfricansocieties.Ironrepresentedpower.InWestAfricatheblacksmithwhomadetoolsandweaponshadanimportantplaceinsociety,oftenwithspecialreligiouspowersandfunctions.Ironhoes,whichmadethelandmoreproductive,andironweapons,whichmadethewarriormorepowerful,hadsymbolicmeaninginanumberofWestAfricasocieties.Thosewhoknewthesecretsofmakingirongainedritualandsometimespoliticalpower.

小試牛刀Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingweresocialeffectsofthenewmetaltechnologyinAfricaEXCEPT:A.

Accesstometaltoolsandweaponscreatedgreatersocialequality.B.

Metalweaponsincreasedthepowerofwarriors.C.

Irontoolshelpedincreasethefoodsupply.D.

Technicalknowledgegavereligiouspowertoitsholders.例1.ThistechnologicalshiftcauseprofoundchangesinthecomplexityofAfricansocieties.Ironrepresentedpower.InWestAfricatheblacksmithwhomadetoolsandweaponshadanimportantplaceinsociety,oftenwithspecialreligiouspowersandfunctions.Ironhoes,whichmadethelandmoreproductive,andironweapons,whichmadethewarriormorepowerful,hadsymbolicmeaninginanumberofWestAfricasocieties.Thosewhoknewthesecretsofmakingirongainedritualandsometimespoliticalpower.

小試牛刀Accordingtoparagraph4,allofthefollowingweresocialeffectsofthenewmetaltechnologyinAfricaEXCEPT:A.

Accesstometaltoolsandweaponscreatedgreatersocialequality.B.

Metalweaponsincreasedthepowerofwarriors.C.

Irontoolshelpedincreasethefoodsupply.D.

Technicalknowledgegavereligiouspowertoitsholders.例1.ThistechnologicalshiftcauseprofoundchangesinthecomplexityofAfricansocieties.Ironrepresentedpower.InWestAfricatheblacksmithwhomadetoolsandweaponshadanimportantplaceinsociety,oftenwithspecialreligiouspowersandfunctions.Ironhoes,whichmadethelandmoreproductive,andironweapons,whichmadethewarriormorepowerful,hadsymbolicmeaninginanumberofWestAfricasocieties.Thosewhoknewthesecretsofmakingir

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