2023年西安市灞橋區(qū)考研《英語一》高分沖刺試題含解析

2023年西安市灞橋區(qū)考研《英語一》高分沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Therewasarichmanwhowantedtochooseahusbandforhisonlychildfromagreatnumberofpursuers.Theman1allthepursuerstoariverandpointedtothecrocodilesthere,saying,“Anyonewhocanswimacrosstheriversafelywillmarrymy2”Thepursuerslookedateachotherandnoone3takeaction.Atthatmoment,amanplungedintotheriverandswam4surprisingspeedtotheotherside.Allthepeoplethere5himwithagreatsenseofadmirationforhiscourage.6,theman,afterlandingonthebank,shouted7,“whopushedmeintotheriverjustnow?”Maybetheman,8thinkingaboutthewhole9andthehappyconsequencesofhisact,willeventuallybe10totheonewhopushedhimintotheriver.Inlifeitisfairly11fordisadvantagestoturnintoadvantagesandmisfortunesintofortunes!Butmanyofusare12torealizethetrue13ofour“rivals”tosuccess.Generallyspeaking,manypeoplewouldseetheonewho“pusheshimintotheriver”asanopponent.However,theonewho“pusheshimintotheriver”givesyouafeelingofurgencyandstimulates(激勵(lì))yourambitionand14tostriveforsuccess!Youtryyourbestto15yourdifficultiesandprogresstothenextstageinlife!Ifamandoesnothaverivals,he16besatisfiedwiththepresentandwillnotstrivetoimprovehis17Hewould18inthefaceofdifficultiesandsinkintolaziness.Therefore,yourrivalsarenotyouropponents.Instead,theyaregood19！Inourlives,weneedsomerivalsto“pusheshimintotheriver,”leadingustostriveaheadindifficultiesandcompetitions.Thankstoourrivals,wecanshowour20toitsbest.Thankstoourrivals,weareabletomakecontinuousprogresswhilecompetingwiththem!1、A．walked B．led C．drove D．brought2、A．son B．sister C．brother D．daughter3、A．dared B．could C．would D．must4、A．in B．for C．a(chǎn)t D．with5、A．a(chǎn)pproved B．welcome C．observed D．a(chǎn)pplauded6、A．Meanwhile B．But C．However D．Furthermore7、A．desperately B．a(chǎn)ngrily C．surprisingly D．happily8、A．a(chǎn)fter B．unless C．before D．while9、A．program B．process C．result D．a(chǎn)ccident10、A．close B．satisfied C．devote D．grateful11、A．general B．usual C．common D．ordinary12、A．a(chǎn)ble B．willing C．unable D．unwilling13、A．meaning B．significance C．tendency D．a(chǎn)nswer14、A．desire B．demand C．deed D．defense15、A．ignore B．overlook C．meet D．overcome16、A．isboundto B．isintendedto C．ismeantto D．isfitto17、A．occasion B．a(chǎn)mbition C．situation D．contribution18、A．holdout B．holdoff C．holdon D．holdback19、A．friends B．rivals C．enemies D．relatives20、A．preference B．potential C．character D．knowledgeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Solarpowerishelpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhererigidsolarpanels(剛性太陽能電池板)cango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(鈣鈦礦)cangoalmostanywhere,saysphysicistOlgaMalinkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthesurfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesails.Wecanuseitintheballs,tentsandunlimitedapplications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbecomeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearchers.Becauseitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.Sheco-foundedacompanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructioncompanySkanskaistestingthepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable(可持續(xù)的)developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theyworkperfectly,evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculatesthataboutonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday’sworthofpowerforoneworker’scomputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetterasresearchcontinues,saysthecompany’sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestoreallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificresearch,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymuchunlimited,Ithink.Therearestilldurabilityandotherproblemstoworkout,butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.1、Whatdoweknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagraph?A．It’sdelicate. B．It’scomplex. C．It’sflexible. D．It’sexpensive.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?A．SkanskaandAdamTargowski.B．MalinkiewiczandSkanska.C．SoleilTechnologies.D．Perovskitepanels.3、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.B．Scientiststhinkperovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.C．Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.D．Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.4、Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepanels.B．Tointroduceperovskitepanels.C．Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.D．Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovskietcells.Text2AlexElmanrunsabigbusiness—somethingdifficulttoimagineaftershelosthersightinhertwenties.ButElmansaysthatlosinghersighthelpedherfocusonfindingsuccess.Elman’sfatherplantedahillsidevineyardinwesternMassachusettsin1981.It’swhereElmanfledduringthedarkestperiodofherlife.Whenshewas27yearsold,shewentblindduetocomplicationsfromjuvenilediabetes(糖尿病)17yearsago.Sherecalled,“Ihidinmyhome.Ihidintheplace.Forme,thatwasthesafestplaceintheworld.”ElmanisnowthefounderofAlexElmanWines,agrowingportfolio(系列產(chǎn)品)oforganicwinesfromallaroundtheworld:ChiantifromItaly,TorrontesfromArgentina.Elmandoesn’tworkalone.Herassistant,aguidedognamedHanley,issomethingofawinesnob,andquiteabeggar.HanleytravelstoallofthewineriesthatElmandoes,fromSouthAmericatoEurope.Atfirst,Elmanresistedtheideaofaguide-dog.Nowit’shardtoimagineherlife,orherbusiness,withouthim.Shesaid.“WhensomeonetellsmesomethingisorganicandIdon’treallybelieveitbecauseItastesomethingfunnyonit,I’llputitinfrontofhisfaceandifhelikesthewine,he’llgotosniffit.Ifit’snotright,he’llturnhisheadaway.Hegetsinthedirtwithme.Hescratchesaround.Hemakessurethatweseeearthwormsandbutterflies.That’showweknowthatthesoilisactuallyorganic,andthattherearenochemicals.”ElmantoldCBSNewsshebelievesthelossofhervisionwasagift.Shesaid,“ItallowedmetopayattentiontowhatIthoughtwasimportantandalsotobeabletoteachpeoplethatthebrokenhangnailisnotabigdeal,youknowwhatImean?Don’tsweatthesmallstuff.Don’tsweatthebigstuffeither.”1、Elmanhidherselfinherfather’svineyardprobablybecauseshe________.A．sufferedfromjuvenilediabetesB．wasextremelypainfulforherblindnessC．wouldliketohelpherfatherwiththeworkD．expectedtorecoverhersightsoonerorlater2、Theunderlinedphrase“thebrokenhangnail”(inParagraph5)probablyrefersto_____.A．a(chǎn)nailwhichisofnouseB．a(chǎn)disadvantageyouhaveinyourlifeC．a(chǎn)personwhoishardtodealwithD．a(chǎn)taskthatisnoteasytoaccomplish3、Thispassageismainlytotellusthat_________.A．AlexElmanleadsamiserablelifeB．HanleybringsAlexElmanmuchfunC．AlexElmangetsalongwellwithherpetD．a(chǎn)blindwomantastessuccessinwinebusinessText3WhenIwas5,myfatherworkedthenightshiftasanurseinahospital.Hewasalwayscarryinghisstethoscope(聽診器)sonaturally,soIcalledhim“Dr.Saldivar”whileIpressedhisstethoscopeagainsthischest.Butmyfather,asahumbleman,wasalwayscorrectingme:“Iamnotadoctor,son,butyoucanbeone.”IgrewupfeelinglikeIhadnolimitsbecauseofmomentslikethis,whichhashelpedmetakeriskspersonallyandprofessionallyinspiteofthehardshipsIhadtoendure.BeingborntoMexicanimmigrantsmeantthatmyparentshadtoworkveryhardtoprovideformyfamilyandIhadtolearntostrugglethroughschoolpaperworkonmyown,becausemyparents’Englishwaslimitedandtheycouldn’talwaysbetheremotivatingusthroughtheprocess.IfIwantedtosucceedacademically,myperseverance,andstrengthwouldbetested.Perseverance,strengthandgoodeducationarethegatewaytosuccess.AndthisisespeciallytruewhenyoulookattheobstaclesthatLatinoshavetoovercometosucceedinpublicschools.Forinstance,whilethenationalhighschooldropout(輟學(xué))ratehasdecreasedsignificantly,westillhavethehighestdropoutrateinthecountry.Wearemorelikelytoliveinpovertyandattendraciallyseparatedschools.TheseissuescreatemanyotherproblemsforLatinos.Tohelprelievemyfamilyburden,IfoundmyfirstjobwhenIwas14atalocalhotel.Despitethelonghoursonmynewjob,Iworkedhard.Meanwhile,Icontinuallystressedtheimportanceofgettingarespectableeducationanddideverythingpossibletogetonestepclosertomakingmydreamareality.Nearlyadecadelater,IbecamethefirstinmyfamilytograduatefromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Knowingthesocial,economic,andpoliticalstrugglesthatacommunityfaces,Ibegantopursuejournalismtogivethedisadvantagedminoritiesavoice.1、Whatinspiredtheauthorwhenhewasachild?A．Theencouragingwordsfromhisfather.B．Anurseinhisfather’shospital.C．Hiscuriosityaboutthestethoscope.D．Thehardshipshesuffered.2、Theexampleinthethirdparagraphgivenbytheauthorsuggests.A．moreLatinosarereceivinghighereducationinAmericaB．LatinoimmigrantsarestillfacingmanyproblemsC．AmericaneducationsystemisbetterconstructedD．racialseparationhaslongbeenforbiddeninAmerica3、Theauthorchosetobecomeajournalist,hopingto.A．showhissuccessasaLatinoB．enjoyadifferentlifeC．speakforthedisadvantagedLatinosD．repaythesacrificehisparentsmade4、Whatdoestheauthortrytotelluswithhisownexperience?A．Immigrationisanapproachtopersonalsuccess.B．Goodeducationisawaytosuccessfullife.C．DisadvantagedLatinosarefacingfewerchallenges.D．AmericanDreamisinaccessibletotheLatinos.Text4BritainandFrancearetwoimportantcountriesinEurope.Theyareneighbors,separatedonlybythe20-mileseawayoftheEnglishChannel.Andformostofthetimethatthetwocountrieshaveexisted,theFrenchandtheBritishhavebeenrivalsorevenenemies.Oneconflictbetweenthetwocountrieslastedover100years,andtheBritishandFrenchwereatwarthroughthe18thcentury.Thereisnofightingnow,ofcourse.Butthereisstillastrongsenseofrivalry(敵對(duì))betweenthetwonations.That’swhyarecentsurveyintheUKcausedamajorshock.Itrevealed(揭露)thatonethirdoftheBritishpeoplewouldliketoliveinFrance.Italsoshowedthattwenty-onepercentofBritishpeoplewouldactuallyprefertohavebeenborninFrance.Manyreasonsweregiven.Francehasabetterclimateandamorerelaxedlifestyle,withsomeofthelongestholidaysinEurope.Itisthoughttohavebetterpublicservicesineveryareafromhealthtotransport.PeopleinFranceworkshorterhoursandenjoylongervacations.Andthinkofthefoodandwine!Estimates(估計(jì))ofthenumbersofBritonslivinginFrancerangefrom100,000tohalfamillion.Butitisnotone-waytraffic.Around15,000FrenchpeopleperyearcometoliveinBritain,mainlysettlinginLondon.TheyareattractedbyhigherpayinBritain,lowertaxes,amoredynamiclifestyle.Nowitseemsthatpeoplecangototheplacethatsuitsthembest.1、WhydosomeBritishpeopleliketoliveinFrance?A．Theypreferthelongerholidaysthere.B．EnglandhastheworstfoodinEurope.C．FranceisnotfarawayfromEngland.D．Thetwocountrieshavealwaysbeenfriends.2、SomeFrenchpeoplemainlysetinLondonbecause________.A．theylikebetterthemoredynamiclifestyleB．theythinktherearebetterpublicservicesinitC．theyliveinFranceforalongtimeD．theycanworkshorterhoursthere3、Whichwouldbethemostidealwaytoliveforpeopleinbothcountries?A．WorkandliveinFrance.B．WorkandliveinLondon.C．WorkinLondonandliveinFrance.D．WorkinFranceandliveinLondon.4、Whatasuggestiondoesthetextgive?A．Bothofthepeopleliketomovebetweentwocountries.B．BothofthepeoplearebecomingmoreEuropean.C．TheFrencharebecomingmoreBritish.D．TheBritisharebecomingmoreFrench.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Everybody,welcometo1．(we)companyIamLuisa,DirectorofthedepartmentLetmesaysomethingtoyouallThestartingofworkcanbeexcitingonthehand,andcanalsobe2．(worry)ontheotherNomatterwhatyourfuturejobis,youwillhavetoworkwithothersLeaningtogetonwellwithothersmustcomefirst,3．(include)allstaffinthecompanyandour4．(custom)Andsecondly,rightaftermyintroduction,spendsometimereadingtheintroductionofourcompanyandgettoknowthepeopleinyourofficeandfindout5．thecompanyislikeThisafternoonyoucanwalkaroundourworkshopsandknow6．(much)abouttheproductsNooneisallowed7．(leave)thecompanybefore5:30pmBytheway,lunchtime8．(come)at11:50andit’sfree9．chargeRemember:Learningissoimportant10．itcanchangeyourfuturelifeThisiswhatI’dliketosaytoyouatthemomentIfyoustillhaveanyquestion,pleasecometomyofficeThankyouJiaozi(ChineseDumpling)isatraditionalChineseFood,1．isessential(必不可少)duringholidaysinNorthernChinaChinesedumplingbecomesoneofthemostwidelylovedfoodsinChinaTherearemany2．(reason)Chinesedumplingisoneofthe3．foodsinChineseNewYearSincetheshapeofChinesedumplingissimilar4．a(chǎn)ncientChinesegoldorsilveringots（鑄錠），theysymbolizewealth,Traditionally,themembersofafamilygettogether5．(make)dumplingsduringtheNewYear’sEveTheymayhideacoininoneofthedumplingsThepersonwho6．find)thecoinwilllikelytohaveagoodfortuneintheNewYearChinesedumplingisalsopopularinotherChineseholidaysorfestivals,soitispartoftheChinesecultureortraditionChinesedumplingisadeliciousfoodYoucanmake7．varietyofChinesedumplingsusingdifferentfillings8．(base)onyourtasteandhowvariousingredients(烹調(diào)的原料)aremixedtogetherbyyou9．(make)dumplingsisreallyteamwork10．(usual)allfamilymemberswilljointheworkSomepeoplestarttomakedumplingwhentheywerekidsinthefamily,somostChineseknowhowtomakedumplingsSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)第二節(jié)：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。注意：請(qǐng)將答案轉(zhuǎn)寫到答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。Mostofustrademoneyforentertainment.71Butifyouthinkyoucan’thaveagoodtimewithoutspendinglotsofmoney,readon.Youcanfindsomenewdiscoveries.Rememberonesentence:thebestthingsinnaturearefree.Ifyouhavetheeyestofindfunaroundyou,thoughyouhavenomoney,youcanhaveagreattime!72Strollthroughbusystreetsandseewhateverybodyelseisdoing.Youwillprobablyseepeoplefromallovertheworld;youwillcertainlyseepeopleofeveryage,size,andshape,andyouwillgetafreefashionshow,too.Checkthelistingsinyourneighborhoodnewspaper.Localcollegesorschoolsoftenwelcomethepublictohearaninterestingspeechoragooddebate.73Besuretocheckcommercialadvertisementsinthenewspapers,too.Afleamarketcanprovidehoursofpleasantbrowsing.Perhapsyoucanfindafreecookingorcraftsdemonstrationinadepartmentstore.74Itisalwaysmorepleasantnottohavepeopleinfrontofyouinamuseumoratazoo.Youmaysavesomemoney,too,fortheseplacesoftensetasideoneortwofreeadmissiondaysatslowtimes.Pretendthatyouareatouristtravelinginthiscityfromtimetotime,andgettoknowyourcityalloveragainincludingthesightsthatpeopletravelmilestosee.75Justhavearelaxedmind,andyouwillfindentertainmentnomatteryouhavemoneyornot.A．However,moneyisnothighlyvaluedeverywhere.B．Thefilmorconcertseriesatthelocalpubliclibraryprobablywillnotcostyouapenny.C．Itseemsthatnowadayswecanonlyusemoneytoenjoyourselves.D．Planaheadforsomeactivities.E．Itwon’tcostmuchreadymoney,either.F．Withimaginationandaspiritofadventure,youcaneasilyfindgoodentertainmentatnocostatall.G．Peoplemaybethemostinterestingshowinalargecity.Makesureyourestate(財(cái)產(chǎn))plankeepsupwithlifechangesFewthingsareasimportantasestateplanning.Ifyoudon’thandleyourbusinesswhileyou’realive,theramifications(影響)canrundeepandwidelongafteryou’regone.Estateplanningmayseemdiscouragingbecauseitdealswithissuesofaging.Ormaybeyouthinkestateplanningisonly