GB 51004-2015 GB51004-2015建筑地基基礎(chǔ)工程施工規(guī)范:英文

專用

人人文庫

NATIONALSTANDARD

OFTHEPEOPLESREPUBLICOFCHINA

CodeforConstructionofBuilding

FoundationEngineering

GB51004-2015

ChiefDevelopmentDepartment:ShanghaiUrbanRuralDevelopmentand

-

TransportationCommission

ApprovingDepartment:MinistryofHousingandUrbanRuralDevelopment

-

ofthePeoplesRepublicofChina

ImplementationDate:November1，2015專用

人人文庫

ChinaPlanningPress

Beijing2018

ChineseeditionfirstpublishedinthePeoplesRepublicofChinain2015

EnglisheditionfirstpublishedinthePeoplesRepublicofChinain2018

byChinaPlanningPress

rd

，，專用

3FloorCTowerGuohongBuilding

No.A11，Muxidi-Beili，XichengDistrict

Beijing，100038

PrintedinChinabyBeijingJingyintangGraphicPrintingCenter

?2015byMinistryofHousingandUrban-RuralDevelopmentof

thePeoplesRepublicofChina

Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformor

byanymeans人人文庫，graphic，electronic，ormechanical，includingphotocopying，recording，

oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystems，withoutwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.

Thisbookissoldsubjecttotheconditionthatitshallnot，bywayoftradeorotherwise，belent，

resold，hiredoutorotherwisecirculatedwithoutthepublisherspriorconsentinanyformof

blindingorcoverotherthanthatinwhichthisispublishedandwithoutasimilarcondition

includingthisconditionbeingimposedonthesubsequentpurchaser.

ISBN978-7-5182-0997-2

AnnouncementoftheMinistryofHousingandUrban-Rural

DevelopmentofthePeoplesRepublicofChina

No.782

NoticeonPublishingtheNationalStandard

ConstructionofBuildingFoundationEngineering

Codefor

CodeforConstructionofBuildingFoundationEngineeringhasbeenapprovedasanationalstan-

dardwithaserialnumberofGB51004-2015andshallbeimplementedfromNovember1，2015.Arti-

cles5.5.8，5.11.4，6.1.3and6.9.8aremandatoryandmustbeenforcedstrictly.

AuthorizedbytheStandardRatingResearchInstituteoftheMinistryofHousingandUrbanRural

-

DevelopmentofthePeoplesRepublicofChina，thisstandardispublished專用byChinaPlanningPress.

inistryofHousingandUrbanRuralDevelopmentofthePeoplesRepublicofChina

M-

March8，2015

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Foreword

AsrequiredbytheMinistryofHousingandUrbanRuralDevelopmentintheNoticeonPrinting

-

"DevelopmentandRevisionPlanforNationalEngineeringConstructionStandardsandCodesin2009"

（JianBiao〔2009〕No.88），thiscodeispreparedbythecodedraftinggroupviaconductingextensive

investigationandcarefullysummarizingpracticalexperienceswithreferencetorelevantinternational

standardsandforeignadvancedstandardsaswellasonthebasisofwidelysolicitingforopinions.

Thiscodeconsistsof10chaptersandthemaintechnicalcontentscovergeneralprovisions，terms，

basicrequirements，groundconstruction，foundationconstruction，shoringconstructionoffoundation

excavation，groundwatercontrol，constructionofearthwork，slopeconstructionaswellassafeandgreen

construction.

Inthiscode，theprovision（s）printedinboldtypeis（are）mandatoryone（s），andmustbeenforced

strictly.

MinistryofHousingandUrbanRuralDevelopmentisinchargeoftheadministrationofthiscode

-

andtheexplanationofthemandatoryprovisions；ShanghaiConstructionGroupCo.，Ltd.isinchargeof

theexplanationofspecifictechnicalcontents.Duringtheprocessof專用implementingthiscode，any

commentsorsuggestions，whenevernecessary，canbepassedorpostedtoShanghaiConstructionGroup

Co.，Ltd.（Address:No.666，EastBroadwayRoad，Shanghai；Postcode:200080）forreferenceinfuture

revisions.

:

ChiefDevelopmentOrganizations

ShanghaiConstructionGroupCo.，Ltd.

ShanghaiFoundationEngineeringGroupCo.，Ltd.

:

ParticipatingDevelopmentOrganizations

ChinaAcademyofBuildingResearch

ShanghaiConstructionNo.1（Group）Co.，Ltd.

ShanghaiConstructionNo.4（Group）Co.，Ltd.

ShanghaiMechanizedConstructionGroupCo.，Ltd.

GuangdongFoundationEngineeringGroupCo.，Ltd.

ShanghaiXianDaiArchitecturalDesign（Group）Co.，Ltd.

人人文庫ShanghaiGeotechnicalInvestigationsandDesignInstituteCo.，Ltd.

TongjiUniversity

YunnanConstructionEngineeringGroupCorporation

ShaanxiConstructionEngineeringGroupCorporation

LiaoningConstructionEngineeringGroupCo.，Ltd.

XinjiangBeixinRoadandBridgeConstructionCo.，Ltd.

XinjiangBingTuanConstructionEngineering（Group）Co.，Ltd.

ChiefDrafters:

FanQingguoLiYaoliangYuanFenGeZhaoyuanGaoWensheng

ZhongXianqiZhuYiminQiuXihongZhuJunGaoChengyong

·1·

GuGuorongYeGuanbaoZhuJianmingWangWeidongLiuHongming

GanYonghuiXuAnjunXueYongwuLiuJiawengZhuJianguo

WangLixiangJiangXialingLiangZhirongXuFengLiuShannan

LiangFayunLiCunliangShaoMengxinTengXinLuoXin

GuYangHuangQiuliangZhangGangChengHuiPingYuzhu

WangZhiminChenHengWangJianjiangZhangZhijianFanJiming

HuaYanChenGangXiongBaohengXingLiChenRongkai

HanZhengping

ChiefExaminers:

YeKemingZhangYanZhongDongboZhengXiangbinGuQianyan

WuHouxinXuGuominRenShuhuaGeWenzhi

專用

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·2·

Contents

1GeneralProvisions………………（1）

2Terms……………（2）

3BasicRequirements………………（5）

4GroundConstruction……………（6）

4.1GeneralRequirements……………（6）

4.2CohesiveFillandLimesoilFill……………………（6）

-

4.3SandandGravelFills……………（7）

4.4FlyashFill………………………（7）

4.5DynamicConsolidation……………（8）

4.6Grouting………………………（10）

4.7Preloading………………………（11）

4.8Vibroflotation……………………（13）

4.9HighPressureJetGrouting………………………（14）

4.10SoilcementMixedPile…………專用（14）

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4.11SoillimeCompactedColumns……………………（16）

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4.12CementFlyashGravelPiles………………………（16）

4.13TampingSoilcementPiles………………………（18）

-

4.14StoneColumns…………………（18）

4.15FoundationonCollapsibleLoess…………………（20）

4.16FoundationonFrozenSoil………………………（22）

4.17FoundationonExpansiveSoil……………………（22）

5FoundationConstruction…………（23）

5.1GeneralRequirements……………（23）

5.2NonreinforcedSpreadFoundation…………………（23）

-

5.3ReinforcedConcreteSpreadFoundation……………（24）

5.4RaftandBoxFoundation…………（25）

5.5PrecastReinforcedConcretePile…………………（26）

5.6CastinsituSlurrydrilledPile……………………（30）

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5.7ContinuousFlightAugerCastinsituPileswithPressureConcreting……（36）

--

5.8TubesinkingCastinsituPile……………………（37）

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5.9CastinsituPilewithDryMethod…………………（38）

--

5.10SteelPile………………………（39）

5.11JackedPilebyAnchorReaction……………………（42）

5.12FoundationonRockanchorSystem………………（44）

-

5.13SunkWellandCaisson…………（45）

6ShoringConstructionforFoundationExcavation………………（47）

6.1GeneralRequirements……………（47）

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6.2ContiguousCastinsituPileWall…………………（47）

--

6.3SheetPileWall…………………（48）

6.4SecantPileWall…………………（50）

6.5SoilcementMixingWallwithSteelInclusions………（51）

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6.6DiaphragmWall…………………（52）

6.7GravityCementsoilWall…………（58）

-

6.8SoilNailingWall…………………（59）

6.9Strut……………（62）

6.10Rod（Strand）Anchors…………（63）

6.11FoundationPitSupportCombinedwithMainStructure………………（64）

7GroundwaterControl……………（67）

7.1GeneralRequirements……………（67）

7.2DrainageGalleries………………（68）

7.3Dewatering………………………（68）

7.4Cutoffs………………………（73）

-

7.5Recharge………………………（73）

8ConstructionofEarthwork………………………（74）

8.1GeneralRequirements……………（74）

8.2ExcavationofEarthwork…………專用（74）

8.3RockFoundationExcavation………………………（77）

8.4StackingandTransportationofEarthwork…………（77）

8.5Backfilling………………………（78）

9SlopeConstruction………………（80）

9.1GeneralRequirements……………（80）

9.2BoltshotcreteSupport……………（80）

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9.3RetainingWall…………………（80）

9.4SlopeExcavation………………（82）

10SafeandGreenConstruction…………………（85）

ExplanationofWordinginThisCode………………（87）

ListofQuotedStandards……………（88）

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1GeneralProvisions

Thiscodeispreparedwithaviewtosafetyapplicability，advancedtechnology，reasonable

1.0.1

economy，qualityassuranceandenvironmentalprotectionduringconstructionofbuildingfoundation

engineering.

Thiscodeisapplicabletoconstructionofbuildingfoundations.

1.0.2

Theconstructionofbuildingfoundationsshallensuresafetyandqualityandshalladjust

1.0.3

measurestolocalconditionsandsaveresources.

Theconstructionofbuildingfoundationsshallcomplywithnotonlythiscodebutalsothe

1.0.4

requirementsofrelevantcurrentnationalstandards.

專用

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2Terms

Subsoil

2.0.1

Soilmassorrockmassthatsupportsthefoundation.

Foundation

2.0.2

Astructuralcomponentthattransfersexternalloadbornebyupperstructureanddeadweightof

upperstructuretosubsoil.

Compositefoundation

2.0.3

Subsoilwiththeloadsbornebyreinforcement（whichisformedbyreinforcingorreplacingpartial

soilmass）andsubsoilaroundtogether.

Pilefoundation

2.0.4

Foundationcomposedofpilethatisimbeddedintosubsoilandpilecapthatisconnectedwithpile

toptogether.

Dynamicconsolidation

2.0.5

Thesubsoiltreatmentmethodtotampsubsoilbyrepeatedlyliftingthehammertohighplaceand

makingitfallfreely，whichimpactsthesubsoilandgivesitvibrationenergy專用.

Dynamicreplacement

2.0.6

Thesubsoiltreatmentmethodtoformdensepierbyrepeatedlyliftingthehammertohighplace

andmakingitfallfreelytoformtampingpitonthegroundandthenrepeatedlytampingsandgravels，

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steelslagsandothergranulesfilledinthetampingpitalternately.

Grouting

2.0.7

Thetreatmentmethodtocementloosesoilparticlesorcracksintoanintegralwholebyinjecting

solidifiablegroutintothevoidsofsoils/rockswiththehelpofthehydraulic，pneumaticorelectrochemical

principle.

Preloading

2.0.8

Thesubsoiltreatmentmethodtoacceleratesubsoilconsolidationbyfillpreloadingorvacuum

preloadingtothesubsoils.

Vibrofloatation

2.0.9

Thesubsoiltreatmentmethodtoformcompositefoundationcomposedofinsitusubsoilsandsand

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orgravelcolumns，whichareformedbydensifyingeithertheinsitugranularsoilsorbackfilledgravels

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insoftsoilsundercombinedactionofhorizontalvibrationofvibroflotandhighwaterpressure.

Postbasegroutingboredpiles

2.0.10--

Boredpilesthatgroutisinjectedunderhighpressurethroughgroutingpipeinpileshaftandpiletip

groutingsystemoncetheconcretehasgainedsufficientstrength.

Excavationengineering

2.0.11

Agenerictermforsuchengineeringsasenclosure，shoring，dewatering，waterproofandseepage

--

proofengineering，reinforcement，earthworkexcavationandbackfillingforbuildingunderground

structure.

Retainingandbracingsystemforfoundationexcavation

2.0.12

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Structuralsystemcomposedofretainingwall，wales，bracings（anchors），supportcolumns

（columnpiles）andothercomponents.

Secantpiles

2.0.13

Rowpilewallformedbymutuallappingandcuttingofearlierconstructedboredpilesandlater

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constructedboredpiles.

Soilcementmixingwallwithsteelinclusions

2.0.14-

Compositesoilretainingandwaterinterceptingstructureformedbyinsertingsteelintooverlapped

threeaxissoilcementmixingpiles.

--

Diaphragmwall

2.0.15

Undergroundwallformedbyputtingreinforcementcageandpouringconcreteorputtingprecast

reinforcedconcreteslabintoequipmentexcavatedtrench.

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Cutterjoint

2.0.16

Jointofdiaphragmwallsformedbycuttingconcreteinprevioustrenchwithslotmillingmachine.

Jointpipe（box）

2.0.17

Temporarysteelpipe（box）adoptedtoformjointofdiaphragmwallbetweenunitpanels.

Soilcementgravityretainingwall

2.0.18-

Gravityshoringstructureformedthroughaseriesofoverlappedsoilcementmixingpiles.

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Soilnailedwall

2.0.19-

Shoringstructurecomposedofsoilnailreinforcedsoilmassandprotective專用facing.

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Topdownmethod

2.0.20-

Constructionmethodthatmakesconstructionofundergroundstructurefromtoptobottomand

foundationpitexcavationalternatelywithapartorallofmainundergroundstructureasshoring

structure.

Opencaisson

2.0.21

Undergroundstructureformedbymanufacturingcaissonunitonthegroundandsinkingitto

undergroundpredetermineddepththroughsoilremovalwithincaisson.

Pneumaticcaisson

2.0.22

Undergroundstructureformedbymanufacturingcaissonunitwithhorizontalsealingplateonthe

groundtoformpneumaticpressureworkroomundersealingplate，carryingoutexcavationthrough

addingairintoworkroomtobalancewaterandsoilpressure，andthensinkingittounderground

predetermineddepth.

Groundwatercontrol

2.0.23

Measuressuchaswaterdrainage，dewatering，watercutoffandrechargingadoptedinexcavation

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engineeringinordertoguaranteesmoothimplementationofexcavationandtoreducetheinfluenceof

constructiononsurroundingenvironment.

Watercutoffwall

2.0.24-

Verticalwatercutoffwallusedtocutoffordecreasegroundwaterfromflowingintoexcavation

-

throughsidewallandbottomoffoundationpitandtocontrolgroundwaterloweringoutsidefoundation

pit.

Nonreinforcedspreadfoundation

2.0.25-

Stripfoundationunderwallorisolatedfoundationundercolumncomposedofbrick，rubble，

concreteorrubbleconcrete，limesoil，trinitysoil（tabia）andothermaterialswithnoreinforcement.

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Reinforcedconcretespreadfoundation

2.0.26

Castinplacereinforcedconcretefoundationsincludingisolatedfoundationundercolumnandstrip

--

foundationunderwall.

Raftandboxfoundation

2.0.27

Raftfoundationreferstoreinforcedconcretefoundationwithcontinuousflatslaborbeamslab.

--

Boxfoundationreferstomonolithicallycastedsinglefloorormultifloorsreinforcedconcretefoundation

--

composedofbottomslab，topslabandinternalandexternalverticalwalls.

Bermedexcavation

2.0.28

Anexcavationmethodtoleavesoilaroundinpit，excavatesoilinmiddlepartoffoundationpitfirst

toformpotshapedsoilmassandformundergroundstructureandsupportinmiddlepartoffoundation

-

pitandthenexcavatesoilaroundfoundationpitout.

Islandexcavation

2.0.29

Anexcavationmethodwithshoringstructuretoexcavatesoilaroundfoundationpitfirsttoform

islandshapedsoilmassandthenexcavatesoilinmiddlepartoffoundationpit.

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Anchors

2.0.30

Atensionmemberformedbydrillingholeinsoils（rocks），insertingreinforcementbarorsteel

strands，groutingcementmortarwithinanchoragesectioninstablesoils（rocks）andconnectinganother

endwithstructuralelements.

Compositesoilnailingwall專用

2.0.31

Shoringstructurecomposedofsoilmixingcolumns（piles），soilnailsandshotcretefacing.

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3BasicRequirements

Thequalityinspectionrequirementsformaterialsandproductsusedintheconstructionof

3.0.1

buildingsubsoils，foundations，foundationpitsandslopeengineeringsshallcomplywithcurrentnational

standardsandthedesignrequirements.

Beforeconstructionofbuildingsubsoils，foundations，foundationpitsandslopeengineerings，the

3.0.2

followingdatashallbeprovided:

Geotechnicalinvestigationreport；

1

Designdocumentsrequiredforconstructionofbuildingsubsoils，foundations，foundationpits

2

andslopeengineerings；

Dataaboutbuildings（structures），undergroundpipelinesandobstacleswithintheinfluence

3

scopeofproposedengineeringconstruction；

Constructionorganizationdesignandspecialconstructionandmonitoringschemes.

4

Theaxiscontrolpointsandelevationbenchmarksforconstructionofbuildingsubsoils，

3.0.3

foundations，foundationpitsandslopeengineeringsshallbeprotectedproperlyafterrecheckingand

shallberesurveyedregularlythereafter.專用

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Beforeconstructionoffoundationpitengineering，thepreparationworkshallbedonewelland

3.0.4

suchconditionsassitehydrogeologicalconditions，adjacentundergroundpipelines，nearbybuildings

（structures）andundergroundobstructionsshallbeinvestigated.Correspondingmeasuresshallbetaken

toprotectadjacentundergroundpipelines，facilitiesandbuildings（structures）.

Duringconstructionofbuildingsubsoils，foundations，foundationpitsandslopeengineerings，the

3.0.5

influenceofgroundwater，surfacewaterandspringtideshallbecontrolled.

Antifreezinganddrainagemeasuresshallbetakenforconstructionofbuildingfoundation

3.0.6-

engineeringinwinterorrainyseason.

Itisstrictlyforbiddentostacksoilswithintheinfluencerangeoffoundationpits（trenches）and

3.0.7

buildings（structures）.

Excavationoffoundationpit（trench）shallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

3.0.8

Theconstructionloadforfoundationpit（trench）aroundperipheryandatslopingplatformshall

1

becontrolledinaccordancewiththedesignrequirements；

Duringexcavationoffoundationpit（trench），thestagedexcavationdepthsandtemporaryside

2人人文庫

slopeshallbedeterminedthroughanalysisaccordingtosoilconditions；

Excavationconstructionconditionsoffoundationpit（trench）shallmeetthedesignrequirements.

3

Wheredangersoccurduringconstruction，theemergencymeasuresshallbeimmediatelytaken

3.0.9

tocontrolthedangercase.

Whereculturalrelicsandhistoricsitesareencounteredduringconstruction，theconstruction

3.0.10

shallbestoppedimmediatelyandsuchcaseshallbereportedtotherelatedauthorities.

Duringconstructionofbuildingsubsoils，foundations，foundationpitsandslopeengineerings，

3.0.11

theconstructionrecordsshallbemadewell.

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4GroundConstruction

4.1GeneralRequirements

Theplanpositionsandelevationsoffoundationshallbesurveyedandrecheckedbefore

4.1.1

construction.

Thepondedwatershallbetimelydrainedduringgroundconstructionandtheconstructionshall

4.1.2

notbeundersubmergingconditions.

Wherethefoundationbaseelevationsaredifferent，theconstructionshouldproceedintheorder

4.1.3

offromdeeptoshallow.

Protectivemeasuresshallbetakentoreducedisturbanceofthesoilsbelowfoundationbase

4.1.4

duringconstruction；the200mm-300mmthicksoillayerabovefoundationbaseshallbeexcavated

manually.

Theinfluenceofexcavation，filling，vibrationandsoildisplacementonslopestabilityand

4.1.5

surroundingenvironmentshallbeanalyzedduringgroundconstruction.

Duringinspectionoffoundationsubsoils，ifgeologicalconditionsarefoundinconsistentwith

4.1.6

thoseintheinvestigationreport，anadditionalinvestigationshallbeconducted專用.

Uponcompletionofgroundconstruction，thefoundationsubgradeshallbeprotectedandthe

4.1.7

foundationconstructionshallproceedshortly.

4.2CohesiveFillandLime-soilFill

Thesoilmaterialsofcohesivefillandlimesoilfillshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:

4.2.1-

Forcohesivefill，clayorsiltyclaycanbeused，ofwhichtheorganiccontentshallnotbegreater

1

than5%andwhichshallbesieved；frozensoilorexpansivesoilshallnotbeincluded；topsoil，mudand

muddysoilandunengineeredfillshallbestrictlyforbidden.

Forlimesoilfill，clayorsiltyclaycanbeused，ofwhichtheorganiccontentshallnotbegreater

2-

than5%andwhichshallbesievedwiththeparticlesizenotgreaterthan15mm；freshlyslakedlime，

withtheparticlesizenotgreaterthan5mmandnotincludingunslakedlimeparticles，shouldbeused；the

mixproportionoflimesoilbyvolumeshouldbe2∶8or3∶7，andthelimesoilshallbemixeduniformly.

Forcohesivefillandlimesoilfill，thewatercontentduringconstructionshouldbecontrolled

4.2.2-

withintherangeof人人文庫±2%optimumwatercontent，whichcanbedeterminedeitherthroughcompaction

testoracc