河北省張家口市小鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)高二英語上學(xué)期摸底試題含解析

河北省張家口市小鄉(xiāng)中學(xué)高二英語上學(xué)期摸底試題含解析一、選擇題34.Everythingwillbeallright.Wemustneverstoptakinga/an_____attitudetowardlife.A.

understandingB.

oppositeC.

relaxedD.

optimistic參考答案：D略2.Aftergraduation,hebecameadoctor,

hisfatherhadexpected.A.thatwaswhat

B.whichwaswhat

C.whowaswhat D.whichwas參考答案：B句意：畢業(yè)后，他成為了一個醫(yī)生，這是他爸爸期望的。這里用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的句子，was后面是表語從句，表語從句中缺少賓語，用what連接，所以選B。【考點】定語從句和名詞性從句【試題延伸】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that,which,whose,whom,as，who在句中做主語，賓語，表語或者定語；where,why,when在句中做狀語。要分析句子成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。連接表語從句的連接詞有：that,what,who,when,where,which,why,whether,how,whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等。還有如because,asif,asthough等。解答這類題目，關(guān)鍵在于分析清楚句子結(jié)構(gòu)。通過判斷引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分及意義，來選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。【舉一反三】Thereason______hegaveforbeinglatewas_______heforgottosetthealarmclock.A.which;because

B.why;becauseC.which;that

D.that;becauseC考查定語從句和表語從句：第一空是定語從句，先行詞是thereason，定語從句中g(shù)ave缺少賓語，用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，第二空是表語從句：表示…的原因是…要用句型：(one)reason(for...)isthat...句意：她遲到的原因是她忘記設(shè)定鬧鐘了。選C。3.Peopleliketolivealifefullof________andthereare_______oflifestylesavailableforpeopletochoosefrominthemodernworld.

A.avariety;avariety

B.varieties;varieties

C.avariety;varieties

D.variety;varieties參考答案：D略4._______fromspace,theearth,withwater_______seventypercentofitssurface,lookslikeablueball.A.Seen;covered

B.Seen;covering

C.Seeing;covered

D.Seeing;covering參考答案：B5.Idon’twanttodependtoomuchonmyparentsandI’mdeterminedto___________myselfquickly___________thenewlifehere.

A.adapt;for

B.adapt;to

C.focus;on

D.used;to參考答案：B略6.______bytheteacher,we______muchtotheclassroomdiscussion.A.Encouraging,joined

B.Encouraged,contributedC.Encouraged,added

D.Encouraging,devoted參考答案：B7.Whowouldyourather________thewatch?A.havetorepair

B.havefixed

C.getrepaired

D.gettorepair參考答案：D略8.Youhavetolistentodetailedfacts.________youhavetopreparethenextquestiondependingonwhatthepersonsays.A.However

B.Meanwhile

C.Therefore

D.Otherwise參考答案：B9.The

first

trials

of

Aspirin

took

place

in

1899,____the

company

Hoffmann

worked

for___distributingthemedicineinpowderformtophysicianstousewithpatients.A.when;began

B.which;beginningC.when;beginning

D.which;began參考答案：A【詳解】考查定語從句和時態(tài)。句意：阿司匹林的第一次試驗發(fā)生在1899年，當(dāng)時霍夫曼供職的公司開始將這種粉末形式的藥物分發(fā)給醫(yī)生，供病人使用。此處1899是先行詞，在后面的非限制性定語從句中作時間狀語，所以第一個空填when；根據(jù)in

1899，可知后面的非限制為性定語從句用一般過去時態(tài)，所以第二空填began。故選A。10.－What’sthetime?

－Oh,Iforgottohavemywatch________.

A.wind

B.wound

C.winded

D.winding參考答案：B略11.—Havewe____water?

—Yes,_____.We’dbettergetsome.A.runoutof;wehaverunitout

B.runoutof;ourwaterhasrunoutC.runoutof;ourwaterhasbeenrunout

D.runout;ourwaterhasrunout參考答案：B【詳解】考查動詞詞組。句意：——我們的水不夠用了嗎？——是的，我們的水已經(jīng)用完了。我們最好買一些。固定詞組：runoutof（相當(dāng)于及物動詞）---，用完---，耗盡---；runout（相當(dāng)于不及物動詞）用完，耗盡。故選B。12.Artisinfluencedby_____customsandfaithof____peopleA.the;a

B.不填;a

C.the;不填

D.the;the參考答案：A13.In

the

19th

century

the

government

_____

land

to

settlers

willing

to

take

care

of

it.A.gave

B.separated

C.divided

D.distributed參考答案：D考查動詞辨析。A.gave給予

B.separated隔開

C.divided分，劃分

D.distributed分發(fā)。句意：十九世紀(jì)，政府把土地分給那些愿意種地的人。D符合語境，故選D。28.

WhenIfinishedthestory,Leejumpedupfromhisseatandstartedpacingthefloor,

________,deepinthought.A．withhisheadbending

B.

hisheadisbent

C.

hisheadbending

D.

hisheadbent參考答案：D略15.---Wouldyoudomeafavorandcarrythesebooks?---___.A.Yes,that’sright

B.Notrouble

C.Nevermind

D.Withpleasure參考答案：D16.Jackislateagain.Itis

________ofhimtokeepotherwaiting.A．superB．ridiculous

C．delicate

D．typical參考答案：D17.—IhavedecidedtospendmysummerholidaysinFrance．—________I'msureyou'llhaveagoodtime．A．Howareyou?

B．Letmesee．

C．Soundswonderful．

D．Welldone!參考答案：C二、新的題型18.Englishisalanguage___61___(bring)toBritaininthe5thcenturybyAnglo-SaxonsettlersfromvariouspartsofNorthwestGermany.ItisconvenienttodivideEnglishintothreeperiodsroughly─OldEnglish,MiddleEnglish,andModernEnglish.The___62___(early)formofEnglishiscalledOldEnglishorAnglo-Saxon.OldEnglishdevelopedfromasetofNorthSeaGermanicdialects___63___(origin)spokenalongthecoastsofFrisia,LowerSaxony,Jutland,andSouthernSwedenbyGermanictribesknown___64___theAngles,Saxons,andJutes.Later,OldEnglishwasstronglyinfluencedbytheNorthGermaniclanguageNorse,spokenbytheVikingswhosettledmainlyinthenorthwest.ThemostfamousworkfromtheOldEnglishperiodistheepicpoemBeowulf,writtenby___65___unknownpoet.OldEnglishisverydifferentfromModernEnglishanddifficultforthe21st-centuryEnglishspeakerstounderstand.Forthe300yearsfollowingtheNormanConquestin1066,theNormankingsandthenobilityspokeonlya___66___(vary)ofFrenchcalledAnglo-Norman.Englishcontinuedtobethelanguageofthecommonpeople.TheNormaninfluence___67___(strong)thecontinualevolutionofthelanguageoverthefollowingcenturies,resultingin___68___isnowreferredtoasMiddleEnglish.Andoneofthebest-knownworksfromtheMiddleEnglishperiodisGeoffreyChaucer’sTheCanterburyTales.Fromthelate15thcentury,thelanguagechangedintoEarlyModernEnglish,oftendatedfromtheGreatVowelShift.Englishiscontinuouslyabsorbingforeignwords,especiallyLatinandGreek,causingEnglishtohavethelargestvocabularyofanylanguageintheworld.Bythelate18thcentury,theBritishEmpirehadspedthespreadofEnglishthroughitscoloniesandgeopoliticaldominance.Commerce,scienceandtechnology,diplomacy,artandformaleducationallcontributedtoEnglish___69___(become)thefirsttrulygloballanguage.Astherearemanywordsfromdifferentlanguages,theriskofmispronunciationishigh.In1755,SamuelJohnsonpublishedhisADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,___70___introducedastandardsetofspellingconventionsandusagenorms.參考答案：61.brought

62.earliest

63.originally

64.as

65.an

66.variety

67.strengthened

68.what

69.becoming

70.which本文為記敘文。英語是五世紀(jì)由來自德國西北部各地區(qū)的盎格魯-撒克遜移民帶到英國的一種語言。英語大致可分為三個階段——古英語、中英語和現(xiàn)代英語。本文敘述了英語的演變過程?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語作定語。句意：英語是五世紀(jì)由來自德國西北部各地區(qū)盎格魯-撒克遜移民帶到英國的一種語言。分析句子可知，本空在句中作language的后置定語。二者是被動關(guān)系，語言是被帶到.，且動作已完成，故要用過去分詞brought?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞最高級。句意：最早的英語形式被稱為古英語或盎格魯撒克遜語。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，英語演變經(jīng)歷了三個階段，三者及三者以上的比較要用最高級。因此這兒是指最古老的英語形式，要用最高級，故填earliest?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：古英語是由一套北海日耳曼方言發(fā)展而來的，這些方言最初是在弗里西亞沿海地區(qū)使用的。本空在句中修飾動詞spoke，修飾動詞要用副詞，故填originally?！?4題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：古英語由一套北海日耳曼方言發(fā)展而來，這些方言最初在弗里西亞、下薩克森、日德蘭和瑞典南部沿岸，日耳曼部落稱為盎格魯、撒克遜人和朱特人。beknownas為固定搭配，意為“以聞名；稱為”，故填as?！?5題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：古英語時期最著名的作品是一位不知名的詩人寫的史詩。句中的unknown為元音音素開頭的，故要用an?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：諾曼國王和貴族只會說各種各樣的法語，叫做盎格魯諾曼。句中的a+名詞+of,可知本空用名詞.“avarietyof”為固定搭配，意為“各種各樣的”，故填variety?！?7題詳解】考查謂語動詞。句意：諾曼人的影響加強(qiáng)了隨后幾個世紀(jì)語言的持續(xù)演變。分析句子可知，本空在句中作謂語。根據(jù)語境可知，此句敘述是以前的事，所以要用一般過去時。而且主語與謂語動詞是主動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時的主動語態(tài)，故填strengthened?！?8題詳解】考查名詞從句。句意：諾曼人的影響加強(qiáng)了語言在隨后幾個世紀(jì)的持續(xù)演變，導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)在被稱為所謂的中英語。分析句子可知，resultin的賓語從句中缺少了主語，缺少主語一般要用what，故填what?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語。句意：商務(wù)、科技、外交、藝術(shù)和正規(guī)教育都使英語成為第一種真正的全球語言。分析句子可知，become的邏輯主語是English，二者是主動關(guān)系，故填becoming?！?0題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：1755年，塞繆爾·約翰遜出版了他的《英語詞典》，其中介紹了一套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的拼寫慣例和用法規(guī)范。分析句子In1755,SamuelJohnsonpublishedhisADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,_10__introducedastandardsetofspellingconventionsandusagenorms.是定語從句，其中先行詞為ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage,在定語從句中作主語，因此要用關(guān)系詞which。故填which。三、閱讀理解19.Foralongtimepeoplehavebelievedthathighself-esteem(自尊)isthekeytosuccess.However,newresearchshowsthatfocusingjustonbuildingself-esteemmaynotbehelpful.Insomecases,havinghighself-esteemcanbringbadresultsifitmakesyoulesslikeableormoreupsetwhenyoufailatsomething."Forgetaboutself-esteem,"saysoneofthepsychologistsinvolvedinthenewresearch."It'snotthemostimportantthing."Thisideamaysoundabitstrangetoyoubecausestudiesalsoshowthatpeoplewithhighself-esteemarelesslikelytobeanxious,shy,orlonelythanthosewithlowself-esteem.Inshort,tofeelgooddoesyougood.But,afterreviewingabout18,000studiesonself-esteem,RoyBaumeister,apsychologistatFloridaStateUniversity,hasfoundthatbuildingupyourself-esteemwillnotnecessarilymakeyouabetterperson.Hebelievesthatviolentandevilpeopleoftenhavethehighestself-esteemofall.Healsosaid,"There'snoevidencethatkidswithhighself-esteemdobetterinschool."Alltypesofpeoplehaveproblems."Peoplewithhighself-esteemcanhavebigegos(自我)thatcanmakethemlesslikeabletotheirpeers,"saidKathleenVohs,apsychologyprofessoratColumbiaUniversity."Peoplewithhighself-esteemtendto(趨向于)thinkmoreofthemselves,"Vohssays.Peoplewithlowself-esteemaremorelikelytorelyontheirfriendswhentheyneedhelp.Researcherssayitisbesttolistentoandsupportotherpeople.Findpositivewaystocontributetosociety.Ifyoufailatsomething,trytolearnfromtheexperience.Thebesttherapy(藥方),astheysuggest,istorecognizeyourfaults,accept