拉薩市堆龍德慶縣2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》臨考沖刺試題含解析

拉薩市堆龍德慶縣2023年考研《英語(yǔ)一》臨考沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)“If1ranmybusinessthewayyoupeopleoperateyourschools,Iwouldn'tbeinbusinessverylong!"Isaidbeforeagroupofangry1Irepresentedagroupofbusinesspeoplewhowantedto2publicschools.Iwasamanageratanicecreamcompanythatbecame3whenPeoplemagazinechoseourblueberry(藍(lán)莓)asthe“BestIceCreaminAmerica."AssoonasI4,awomanraisedherhand.Tomysurprise,sheappeared5andpleasant.“Wearetold,sir,thatyou6acompanythatmakesgoodicecream.”Ireplied7,“BesticecreaminAmerica,Ma'am”“Sir,”shesaid,“8youarestandingonyourreceivingdock(碼頭)andyouseeaninferior(質(zhì)量差的)shipmentofblueberries9,whatdoyoudo?"Immediately,Iknewthequestionwasatrap,butIwasn'tgoingto10.“Isendthemback.”“That'sright!”sheraisedhervoice,“andwecan11sendbackourblueberries.Wetakethembig,small,rich,poor,gifted,confident,homeless,rude,andbrilliant.Wetakethemall!Andthat,sir,iswhyit'snota(n)12.It'sschool!"Inanexplosion,all290teachersjumpedtotheirfeetand13,“Yeah!Blueberries!Blueberries!”Andsobeganmylong14.Sincethen,Ihavevisitedhundredsof15Ihavelearnedthataschoolisnotabusiness.Foronething,areunableto16thequalityoftheirrawmaterial.Yetitdoesn’tdenythe17forchange.Wemustchangehowweteachtogiveallchildrentheopportunitytobecome18.Buteducatorscannotdothis19:thesechangescanoccuronlywiththeunderstanding,trust,permission,andactivesupportofthewholesociety.20,toimprovepubliceducationmeansmorethanchangingourschools,itmeanschangingthewholecountry.1、A．workersB．teachersC．parentsD．leaders2、A．replaceB．challengeC．influenceD．improve3、A．richB．SpecialC．famousD．busy4、A．continuedB．a(chǎn)skedC．finishedD．criticized5、A．politeB．shyC．confidentD．honest6、A．manageB．establishC．buyD．help7、A．happilyB．carefullyC．eagerlyD．proudly8、A．whenB．becauseC．a(chǎn)lthoughD．until9、A．leaveB．a(chǎn)rriveC．disappearD．move10、A．lieB．stopC．a(chǎn)dmitD．follow11、A．everB．neverC．a(chǎn)lsoD．just12、A．blueberryB．icecreamC．businessD．receivingdock13、A．reportedB．warnedC．doubtedD．yelled14、A．transformationB．researchC．explanationD．study15、A．schoolsB．companiesC．countriesD．groups16、A．changeB．noticeC．examineD．control17、A．methodB．needC．possibilityD．reason18、A．peacefulB．successfulC．thankfulD．powerful19、A．silentlyB．secretlyC．a(chǎn)loneD．a(chǎn)gain20、A．MoreoverB．BesidesC．HoweverD．ThereforeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1WhenyousearchGoogleoruseAmazon,youmightassumetheresultsyouseearethesameasthoseviewedbyyourfriends,familyandotherInternetusers.Butyou’dbewrong.Websitesandsocialnetworkstrackyourlocationandsearchhistoryandmakeassumptionsaboutyourage,race,sexandpoliticalviews.Theythenshowadstheybelievetobethemostrelevant,inordertomaximizeclicks,butpersonalizewhichresultsyouseebyeliminatingwhattheythinkisirrelevant.Thisissoldtothepublicaspositive,makingeachwebsessionrelevantandinteresting,yetitisleadingresearcherstofearthiscouldwidendividesbetweentheNorthandSouth,richandpoor,andyoungandold.Forexample,intermsofwealth,ifusersareonlyevershownparticularproductsandjobadvertisementsbasedonhowmuchtheyearnorwheretheylive,theseuserswillneverbegiventheopportunitiestoincreasetheirwealth,orhowmuchtheyspendonitems.PrincetonUniversityhascreatedbots（自動(dòng)程序）,eachwiththeirownfakeprofiles.Thesebotshavedifferentfakeagesandsexes,earndifferentlevelsofmoney,arevirtually(虛擬地)basedinvariouslocationsaroundtheworldandhavedifferentinterests.Byusingthesebotstoscanandresearchtheweb,theresearchershopetocreateapictureofnotonlywhateachofthemsees,butalsowhatsitestheyaremissingouton.Accordingtoleadresearcher,ArvindNarayanan,“Ourgoalisawebprivacycensus（普查）whichwillbeacomprehensivemapofwhoarecollectingwhatinformation,whattheyareinferringfromit,andwhotheyaresharingitwith.Itisanimportantstepinourfinalgoaloffiguringouthowusersaretreatedbasedonthatinformation.”P(pán)ersonalizationalsohasitsbenefits.ShoppingsitessuchasAmazonandeBaycanscanauser’ssearchandpurchasehistorytooffersuggestions.Thiscanhelpfindsimilar,cheaperitemsoritemsthataremoresuitedtotheirneedsataglance.It’salsopossibletodisablepersonalizedadsandresults.Google’ssearchengineletsyouswitchoffpersonalization,forexample.ResearchersfromtheUniversitatPompeuFabrainBarcelonaandYahoofelttheissuewassopotentiallydamaging,andtheyhavealsocreatedawayto“burstthefilter(過(guò)濾)bubble”.Theybelievethatjustbecausepeoplehaveopposingviewsoncertaintopicsitdoesn’tmeantheywon’tshareinterestswithothers.1、Theunderlinedword“eliminating”inParagraph1probablymeans“_______”.A．decoratingB．removingC．personalizingD．protecting2、PrincetonUniversitycreatedbotsto______.A．explainwhydifferentwebsitesarepersonalizedB．offeruserssomeadviceonhowtoprotectprivacyC．a(chǎn)ssesshowpersonalizationisaffectingInternetusersD．stresstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofpersonalizationofwebsites3、Whichofthefollowingwebsiteshavedonesomethingtocutoffpersonalization?A．GoogleandYahoo.B．eBayandGoogle.C．AmazonandeBay.D．AmazonandYahoo.4、Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．Differentwebsitesaredoingsomethingtoofferqualityservice.B．Personalizedadsandsearchresultscouldbecreatingdifferentwebpages.C．Personalizationofdifferentsiteswillleadtousers’privacybeingviolated.D．Personalizationofshoppingsitesmakesonlineshoppingmoreconvenient.Text2ResearchersattheUniversityofYorkinEnglandpublishedtheirfindingsonfacialrecognitionthat,onaverage,peoplecanrememberasmanyas5,000faces.Therehavebeenmanystudiesrecentlyonfacialrecognitiontechnology.Buttheauthorsofthisstudysaytheirsisthefirsttimethatscientistshavebeenabletoputanumbertotheabilitiesofhumanstorecognizefaces.RobJenkins,leaderoftheresearch,saidtheresearchers’studycenteredon“thenumberoffacespeopleactuallyknow.”andwerenotabletodiscoverwhetherthereisa“l(fā)imitonhowmanyfacesthebraincanhandle.”Jenkinssaidtheabilitytotellindividualpeopleapartis“clearlyimportant.”Intoday’smodernworldofbigcities,wemeetanddealwiththousandsofpeople.Thestudysuggestsourfacialrecognitionabilitieshelpustodealwiththemanydifferentfacesweseeonthescreens,aswellasthoseweknow.Theresultsofthestudygiveabaselineforcomparingthe“facialvocabulary”ofhumanswithfacialrecognitionsoftware.Today,facialrecognitiontechnologyisusedinmanyways,includingbylawenforcementagenciestopreventcrimeandviolence.Governmentsuseittokeepsecretareassecureand,inextremecases,controlpopulations.Somegovernmentsusethesoftwaretowatchpeopleandfindoutwheretheygoandwhattheydo.EvenFacebookusesfacialrecognition.Forexample,whenyounameafriend,Facebooktechnologymayrecognizetheperson’sfacefromadifferentpictureyouhadsharedbefore.Forthehumanstudy,peoplespentonehourwritingdownasmanyfacesfromtheirpersonallivesaspossible.Atfirst,theyfounditeasytocomeupwithmanyfaces.Butbytheendofthehour,theyfoundithardertothinkofnewones.Theirchangeinspeedlettheresearchersestimatewhentheywouldhaverunoutoffacescompletely.1,000to10,000facesremembered.Peoplewhotookpartinthestudywerealsoshownthousandsofphotographsoffamouspeople.Researchersaskedthemwhichonestheyrecognized.Tomakesuretheyknewthesepeople,researchersrequiredthemtorecognizetwodifferentphotosofeachfamousperson.Theresultsshowedthattheparticipantsknewbetween1,000and10,000faces.Howdotheyexplainsuchawiderange?Jenkinssaidoneexplanationmaybethatsomepeoplehaveanaturalabilityforrememberingfaces.“Therearedifferencesinhowmuchattentionpeoplepaytofacesandhowwelltheyprocesstheinformation.”Alsoitcouldbebecauseofdifferentsocialenvironments.Somepeoplemayhavegrownupinmorepopulatedplaces.So,theymayhavehadmoresocialcontactthroughouttheirlives.Researchersthinkagemaybeaninterestingareaforfurtherresearch.“Itwouldbeinterestingtoseewhetherthereisapeakageforthenumberoffacesweknow”,Jenkinssaid.Hesaiditispossiblethatwegathermorefacesthroughoutourlifetime.But,headded,therealsomaybeanageatwhichwestarttofindithardertorememberallofthosefaces.1、Whatcanwelearnfromtheresearch?A．Peoplecanrememberupto5,000facesaveragely.B．Peoplecanwritedownupto10,000facesquickly.C．Thereisalimittothenumberoffacesapersoncanremember.D．Thereisapeakageforthenumberoffacesapersoncanremember.2、Thescientistscarriedouttheresearchaimingto______.A．bethefirsttonumberthefacespeoplecanrememberB．helppeoplerecognizemanydifferentfacesC．improvepeople’sfacialvocabularyD．developfacialrecognitionsoftware3、Facialrecognitiontechnologyisusedbygovernmentsto________.A．predictandpreventcrime B．trackandmonitorpeopleC．nameafriendonFacebook D．controlpopulationsinsecretareas4、InJenkins’opinion,whatmaycontributetopeople’sdifferentfacialvocabulary?A．Growingconditions. B．Naturalenvironment.C．Personalexperience. D．Informationtechnology.Text3Ihaveayoungerbrother.Tome,heisafourteen-year-oldkidnamedJoe,withblondhairandblueeyes.Toothers,heisdifferent.WhereIseeakidwhojustneedsalotmoreattention,othersseeamentallydisabledboy,akidwhocannotwalkortalkorthinkforhimself.Iseesomeonewhojustmakesdailyroutineabitlessroutine.Othersseeanannoyance,Iabother.ThisisnottosaythatIhaveneverfeltresentful(怨恨的)towardJoe.Heismybrother,andwiththatcomesresponsibility.“Gina,couldyoustayintonightandwatchyourbrother?”“Gina,domeafavorandfeedhimdinnerandchangehisdiaper(尿布)later,please?”“CouldyoucomehomerightafterschooltodayandgetJoeoffthebus?”ThesearephrasesthatIhaveheardsinceIwastwelve.Andsure,theyhavemademeresentmybrothertoacertainextent.Iwouldthink:that’snotfair!Everyoneelsecanstayafterandbeamemberofthisclub,orgetextrahelpfromthatteacher.Or,allmyfriendsaregoingouttonight,whycan’tI?And,howcomeIhavetofeedhim?Heisnotmyson!However,thesmallamountofresentmentIfeeltowardmybrotheriserasedathousandtimesoverbywhatIhavelearnedfromhim.Besidesmakingmeresponsiblefromayoungage,andhelpingmebemoreacceptingofallkindsofpeople,hehastaughtmetobethankfulforwhatIhave.IknowthattherearemomentsinmylifethatIshouldcherishandthatJoewillneverexperience.Hewillneverlaughsohardthathecries.Hewillneverfeelthegloryofastraight-Areportcard.Hewillnevercomfortabestfriendcryingonhisshoulder.Andhewillneverknowhowmuchhisfamilylovehim.Becausehewillneverknow,itisuptometoknow,everysecond,howluckyIam.Itisuptometorealizethatlifeshouldbelivedtoitsfullest,andthatyoushouldalways,alwaysbegratefulthatGod,orwhoeverarethepowersthatbe,gaveyoutheabilitytoliveyourlifethewayyouweremeanttoliveit.1、WeknowfromthefirstparagraphthatGina'sbrother__________.A．causestroubletoneighbours B．paysmoreattentiontoothersC．liveswithmentaldisability D．considersdailyroutineabother2、IfMotherasksGinatolookafterherbrothernow,whatwillsheprobablyanswer?A．I'mafraidnot. B．Noproblem！C．Itdepends. D．It'snotfair！3、Thepassageintendstotellusthatweshould_____________.A．valuethegloryofsuccess B．a(chǎn)ppreciatewhatlifegivesusC．comfortunfortunatepeople D．treasuremeaningfulmomentsText4Microsofthasdevelopedanewsmartphoneappthatinterpretseyesignalsandtranslatesthemintoletters,allowingpeoplewithmotorneuron（運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元）diseasetocommunicatewithothersfromaphone.TheGazeSpeakappcombinesasmartphone’scamerawithartificialintelligencetorecognizeeyemovementsinrealtimeandchangethemintoletters,wordsandsentences.ForpeoplesufferingfromALS（漸凍癥）,alsoknownasmotorneurondisease,eyemovementcanbetheonlywaytheyareabletocommunicate.“Currenteye-trackinginputsystemsforpeoplewithALSorothermotorproblemsareexpensive,notstrongundersunlight,andrequirefrequentre-calibration(校對(duì))andabundant,relativelyimmobilesetups,”saidXiaoyiZhang,aresearcheratMicrosoftwhodevelopedthetechnology.“Tochangethesituation…wecreatedGazeSpeak,aneye-gesturecommunicationsystemthatrunsonasmartphone.”Theappisusedbythelistenerbypointingtheirsmartphoneatthespeaker.Achartthatcanbestucktothebackofthesmartphoneisthenusedbythespeakertodeterminewhicheyemovementstomakeinordertocommunicate.Thestickershowsfourgrids(格)ofletters,whicheachmatchadifferenteyemovement.Bylookingup,down,leftorright,thespeakerselectswhichgridstheletterstheywantbelongto.Theartificialintelligencealgorithmisthenabletopredictthewordorsentencetheyaretryingtosay.1、WhichisnecessarytoinstallGazeSpeakforuseaccordingtothepassage?A．a(chǎn)smartphonewithacamera.B．a(chǎn)smartphonewithre-calibrationsystem.C．a(chǎn)smartphonewithastickerontheback.D．a(chǎn)smartphoneconnectedwithothersetups.2、ComparedwiththedisadvantagescurrentinputsystemforALSsufferershave,GazeSpeakwillbe_________.A．low-cost,stronginsystem,easytotakewithusersB．a(chǎn)ffordable,lightweight,environmentallyfriendlyC．easytooperate,movable,abletocheckitselfD．a(chǎn)vailableunderstronglight,richinresources,inexpensive3、Themostpossibledesignofthegridswillbe________.A．B．C．D．4、What’sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Toadvertiseanewapp.B．TocallforattentiontoALSsufferers.C．Tosharetheinformationofan.app.D．Toshowrespecttotheprogrammeroftheapp.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankWewantourchildrentosucceedinschooland,perhapsevenmoreimportantly,inlifeButtheparadox(悖論)isthatourchildrencanonlytrulysucceed1．theyfirstlearnhowtofailConsiderthefindingthatworld-classfigureskatersfallovermoreofteninpracticethanlow-levelfigureskaters

Whyarethereallygoodskatersfallingoverthemost?ThereasonisactuallyquitesimpleTopskatersareconstantlychallengingthemselvesinpractice2．(stretch)theirlimitations,theykeeptryingtheirbestTheyfalloversooften,butitispreciselywhytheylearnsofastLower-levelskatershaveaquitedifferentapproachTheyarealwaysattemptingjumpstheycanalreadydoveryeasily,3．(remain)withintheircomfortzoneThisiswhytheydon’tfalloverInasuperficialsense,theylooksuccessful,becausetheyarealwaysontheirfeetNever4．(fail)inpracticepreventsthemfrommakingprogress5．istrueofskatingisalsotrueoflifeJamesDysonworkedthrough5,126prototypes(原型)forhisnewestvacuumbeforecomingupwiththedesign6．madehisfortuneThesefailureswereessentialtothepathwayoflearningAsDysonput7．:“Youcan’tdevelopnewtechnologyunlessyoutestnewideasandlearnwhenthingsgowrongFailureisessentialtoinvention”Inhealthcare,however,thingsareverydifferentCliniciansdon’tliketoadmittofailure,partlybecausetheyhavestrongegos(自我)—particularlytheseniordoctors—andpartlybecausetheyfearlitigation(訴訟)Theconsequenceisthat8．learningfromfailure,healthcareoftencoversupfailureThedirectconsequenceisthatthesamemistakes9．(repeat)Accordingtothe

JournalofPatientSafety,400,000peopledieeveryyearinAmericanhospitalsaloneduetopreventableerror10．healthcarelearnstorespondpositivelytofailure,thingswillnotimproveItwasalmostmidnight,butMarycouldn’tfallasleep“Onesheep,twosheep…”She1．(start)tocountsheepButdiditreallywork?Actually,some2．(scientist)believethismaynotbeaverygoodwaytofallasleepSomepeopletrysohardtocountthattheycanbemoreclear-headedInstead,theycantrytakingabathtofallasleepTheycanalsothinkaboutaquietbeachorawalkinthewoods,3．canmakethemrelaxedandfallasleepmore4．(quick)SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)DevelopingaFunnyPersonalityPutyourselfunderthespotlight.Tellself-deprecating(自嘲的）jokesratherthanmakejokesattheexpenseofothers.1、RodneyDangerfieldmadefunofbothhissanity(理智）andhislookswiththisone:"Iwenttothepsychiatrist(精神病醫(yī)生)，andhesays'You'recrazy.'ItellhimIwantasecondopinion.Hesays,‘Okay，you'reuglytoo!'"Knowyouraudience.2、Somepeoplefindthatsensationalismcausesthemtolaugh;othersfindthatsatire(諷刺)doesthetrick.Learnwhichiswhich,anddeliveryourjokesandanecdotessothattheyapplytomanydifferentcategoriesofhumorandemotionatonce.Misleadthemind.Misleadingthemindiswhatwereferredtoearlierassurprise.3、Verbaljokesusethiselementtothegreatestlevelpossible,tryingtomisdirectyourattentioninthesamethatmagictricksdo.4、Goodtimingisreallyimportant,becauseifyougivethebraintoomuchtimetoworkoutasituationorjoke,thefunnymomentwillpassby.Thisisprobablywhyjokespeoplehaveheardbeforedon'twork,asrecognitiondullsthehumorbecausethebrainisalreadywell-preparedbyexperience.Reactquicklyandstrikewhilethehumorousmomentexists.Beobservant.Lookforthehumorineverydaysituations,andseewhatothersdon't.5、A．Strikewhiletheironishot.B．Differentthingsmakedifferentpeoplelaugh.C．Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhoarefunny.D．Morepeoplewillbemorewillingtolaugh,insteadofbeinglaughedat.E.Youcanexpandyourreachagooddealbylisteningtootherfunnypeople