江蘇專版2023-2024學(xué)年新教材高中英語Unit2Outofthisworld素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練一牛津譯林版選擇性必修第三冊

素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練（一）Ⅰ.閱讀理解AEvenwhenshewasayoungchild,MaliaHeebeganbreakingboundaries.Theyoungchampiondiscoveredfencing（擊劍）throughhersister,whoisalsoafencer.Malia,whoisnowastudentatTempleUniversityinPennsylvania,tookupthesportattheageof6.WhenMaliawasgrowingupinVancouver,Washington,shebalancedothersportswithfencing.“ButIsawmypotentialinfencing,”shesaid.Maliahasalreadywonfivenationaltitles.In2014,whenshewas16,shequalifiedfortheJuniorOlympics.Ayearlater,shewonthenationalchampionforthejuniors.Whiletalkingabouthergreatestvictories,Maliarecalledherveryfirsttournament.Shecompetedagainstjustoneboy—andplacedsecond.“ButIwasreallyhappyjusttowinamedal,eventhoughtherewerejusttwoofus,”shesaid.Maliafencedthroughouthighschool.Herskillsearnedherscholarshipstoseveralcolleges.“IwasapproachedbyOhioState,PennState,NotreDame,Harvard,Columbia,Duck,andTemple,”shesaid.“ThereasonIchoseTemplewasthatIamaveryartsyperson,andoutofalltheprogramsIwasoffered,Temphadthemostcompetitiveartsprogram.”MaliaisnowmajoringingraphicdesignandadvertisingatTemple.Betweenacademicsandfencing,sheisdoingverywell.Thispastyear,shewontheElite90AwardintheNationalCollegeAthleticAssociationDivisionⅠWomen'sFencingChampionship.Theawardisgiventoathleteswhohavereachedthehighestpointinnationalcompetitionintheirownsport,aswellasthehighestacademiclevelamongtheirpeers.“Movingforward,I'mnotgoingtotakefencingasseriously,”shesaid.Aftercollege,shehopestoworkinthesportsindustryasagraphicdesignerormarketer.Shewantstolivenearafencingclub,whereshecancompetewithfun.Whereverhercareertakesher,Maliawillalwaysberememberedasanindividualwhobrokeboundaries.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutMalia'sfirsttournament?A.Shenarrowlywonthegame.B.Shewasencouragedbythemedal.C.Shebeattheboyinthesecondround.D.Shewashappytosharethemedalwithaboy.2.WhydidMaliachooseTempleUniversity?A.Itgaveheranattractivescholarship.B.Itallowedhertogoonwithherfencingtraining.C.Itofferedherthemostcompetitivefencingprogram.D.Itprovidedbetterartsprogramthanotheruniversities.3.WhatwillMaliaprobablydoaftercollege?A.Goforfurtherstudyinsportsindustry. B.Competeformorechampionsinfencing.C.Designpostersformarketingcampaigns. D.Beaprofessionalcoachinafencingclub.4.WhatcanwelearnfromMalia'sstory?A.Hardworkpaysoff.B.Theearlier,thebetter.C.AllroadsleadtoRome.D.Morebreakthroughs,moreachievements.BSomewhalesareloud.Really,reallyloud.Theircallsarestrongenoughtopassthroughrockbeneaththeseafloor,anewstudyfinds.Andtheechoes（回聲）ofthosesongsbouncingofftherockscanhelprevealthestructureoftheseafloor.TwoscientistsreportedtheirfindingsinSciencerecently.Seismologists（地震學(xué)家）VáclavKunaandJohnNábělekareinterestedinthestructureoftherocklayersbeneaththeseafloor.Thetwousedanetworkof54ocean-bottomseismometersinthenortheastPacificOcean.Theseinstrumentsdetectwavesthattravelthroughtheground,suchasthosecausedbyearthquakes.Itturnsoutthattheycanalsopickupsongsfromapassingwhale.Underwatersoundscanproduceseismicechoes.Whensoundwavestravelingthroughthewatermeettheground,someofthewaves'energychangesintoaseismicwave.Thoseseismicwavescanhelpscientists“see”undergroundastheybounceoffdifferentrocklayers.Thewaytheybouncecanhelpresearchersestimatethethicknessofthelayers.KunaandNábělek'sseismometerspickedupthesoundwavesofawhale'ssixsongs,whichlastedfrom2.5to4.9hours.Echoesfromthe“singer”showedtheresearchersthatitssoundwaveshadpassedthroughlayersofunderlyingrock.Theyrevealedstructuraldetailsofrocklayersbeneaththreesitesoverwhichthewhalehadbeensinging.Thenewdatasuggestwhalesongscanbeeffectivetoolstostudytheseafloor.Largeshipsmayperformseismicsurveysusingairguns.Theseinstrumentsmakeveryloudnoisesthatcantravellongdistances.Buttheirnoisecanalsodisturboceanlife—especiallythebehaviorsofanimalsthatrelyonsoundtohuntorcommunicate.5.Whatnewcharacteristicofwhalesongsdoesthenewstudyreport?A.Theyusuallylastfrom2.5to4.9hours.B.Theyarecommunicationtoolsofwhales.C.Theybecomelouderwhentouchingtheseabottom.D.Theycanbeloudenoughtotravelthroughtheseafloor.6.WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph3?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs. B.Providesomeformerstudyresults.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.7.WhatinformationdidKunaandNábělekgetfromthesixsongs?A.TheflowingdirectionofthePacificseawaves.B.Themeasurementabilityoftheirseismometers.C.Thestructureoftherocklayersbeneathseveralseasites.D.ThevarietyofsearocksinthenortheastPacificOcean.8.Whatiswrongwithusingairgunstodoseismicsurveys?A.Itistime-consuming. B.Itisoflowaccuracy.C.Itisdangeroustosailors. D.Itisenvironmentallyunfriendly.Ⅱ.七選五Someoftheworld'smostimportantscientiststhinktheideaofpeoplelivingonMarswillcometrueoneday.1RobertZubrin,arocketscientist,agreesandthinksstartingwithMarsmakesthemostsense.However,scientistswillneedtoterraform（地球化）Marsforpeopletobeabletoliveon,whichmeanschangingtheenvironmentonMarssothatitissimilartoEarth's.OneofthemaingoalsofterraformingMarsistowarmitupbecausetheaveragetemperatureisabout-60℃.2Thiscouldtakemanycenturies.However,itshouldleadtorainfallandgrowthofplants,resultinginmoreairforpeopletobreathe.AnotherbigconcernforscientistsiswhetherhumanscanmovetoMarsandstillstayhealthyinmindandbody.Asatest,sixpeoplelivedinaMars-likeenvironmentinHawaiiforayearbefore“returningtoEarth”recently.3Somepeoplelivingtheresaidthatoneofthebiggestissueswasfeelingbored.SohumansonMarswouldalwaysneedtokeepthemselvesbusywithvariousactivities.4OneparticularorganizationisplanningtosendthefirsthumanstoMarsbefore2030.TheorganizationbelievesthatitsprojectisgivingpeopleworldwidethechancetobepartofthefirsthumancrewevertoliveonMarsforgood.5Regardless,itseemsthathumanslivingonMarsmaywellhappenalotsoonerthanpeoplebelieve.A.However,manyexpertsthinkitcancosttoomuchmoney.B.StephenHawkingbelievedhumansmustmoveintospacetosurvive.C.NASAbelievesnewastronautsshouldbechosenforfuturemissionswithoutdelay.D.OneideaforwarmingMarsistobuildfactoriestherethatproducegreenhousegases.E.Itwillpreventusfromlearningabouttheabilityofhumanstoliveinadifferentenvironment.F.Itwasa1,200-square-footroomthatwasonthesideofavolcanoandusedthesunforenergy.G.Anotherimportantthingwasthatthepeoplelivingtogethershouldallbeabletogetalongandworktogether.Ⅲ.完形填空DuringmyfirsttermofUniversity,IdidnotknowwhatIwantedtomajorin.Iwasveryinterestedinbiology,soIchoseavery1biologysciencecoursethatwasfarbeyondmyabilities.Formonthsbeforemyfinal2,IwentbackandforthtryingtodecidewhetherIshouldtakethiscourseornot.Iendeduptakingit,becauseIknewIshouldgivemyselfthechanceto3whetherIhadtheabilitytobecomea4ornot.Aftermonthsofnotbeingabletokeepup,Ihardlypassedthecourseandmy5wastotallyreduced.6,Ichangedmymajor,buttheeffectsthatcoursehadonmymind7withme.IblamedmyselfformonthsaskinghowIcouldhavebeenso8astowastemyhealth,time,andeffortonthatcoursewhenIcouldhave9anotherone.IttookmemonthstofinallyrecognizethatIhadnotbeento10formyactions.But,ifIhadstoppedtorecall（回想起）the11thatIfeltunsureaboutmymajoratthetime,Iwould'vecometothatconclusionsooner,insteadof12moretimethinkingaboutthepast.HadIknownhowchallengingthe13was,Iwouldn'thavespenttimeblamingmyself.ButhowcouldIhavepossiblyknownthatwithoutgivingitatry?Justlikeyoucan'tblameababyfornotbeing14towalk,youcannotblameyourselffornotbeingabletoassess（評論）the15ofanactionbeforeseeingtheexperiencethrough.1.A.challenging B.popular C.common D.easy2.A.failure B.success C.decision D.regret3.A.thinkabout B.findout C.notice D.announce4.A.teacher B.reporter C.leader D.scientist5.A.respect B.talent C.strength D.confidence6.A.Rather B.Actually C.Afterwards D.Still7.A.stayed B.changed C.filled D.disappeared8.A.confident B.careless C.stupid D.devoted9.A.chosen B.required C.recommended D.offered10.A.praise B.blame C.watch D.search11.A.fact B.advice C.belief D.proposal12.A.killing B.costing C.sparing D.wasting13.A.answer B.problem C.course D.research14.A.able B.keen C.eager D.excited15.A.method B.result C.plan D.process素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)練（一）Ⅰ.閱讀理解1.B[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段引號里的句子可推斷,Malia第一次參加比賽時,她受到了獎牌的鼓舞。2.D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段最后一句可知,Malia認(rèn)為Temple的藝術(shù)課程很好。3.C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段可知,Malia以后想成為平面設(shè)計(jì)師或營銷人員。4.D[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“無論她的職業(yè)生涯帶著她走到哪里,Malia都會作為一個打破界限的人而被永遠(yuǎn)記住”及全文內(nèi)容可推知,Malia的事跡告訴我們，打破越多界限，就會獲得越多成就。【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。Malia從小就不斷突破自我,在擊劍上取得一定成就后,不斷學(xué)習(xí),并使學(xué)術(shù)和體育達(dá)到很好的平衡。5.D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知,新的研究顯示，鯨的聲音足以穿透海底的巖石。6.C[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,水下聲音可以產(chǎn)生地震回波,當(dāng)聲波在水中傳播時與地面相遇,一些波的能量會轉(zhuǎn)化為地震波,當(dāng)?shù)卣鸩◤牟煌膸r層上反彈時,這些地震波可以幫助科學(xué)家“看到”地下,它們反彈的方式可以幫助研究人員估計(jì)巖層的厚度。這是關(guān)于水下聲音的一些科學(xué)知識,屬于一些背景信息,所以第三段的目的是想要添加一些與該研究有關(guān)的背景信息。7.C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知,Kuna和Nábělek從這六首歌中得到了幾個海區(qū)下面的巖層結(jié)構(gòu)的信息。8.D[解析]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知,使用氣槍進(jìn)行地震勘測產(chǎn)生的噪音會干擾海洋生物,尤其是那些依靠聲音來捕食或交流的動物的行為。因此,對環(huán)境是不友好的?！菊Z篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鯨的叫聲可以穿透海底的巖石,這些聲音在巖石上的回聲有助于揭示地殼的結(jié)構(gòu)。Ⅱ.七選五1.B[解析]根據(jù)下文可知,火箭科學(xué)家羅伯特·祖布林對此表示同意,并認(rèn)為從火星開始最有意義。由此可推斷,該空是另一個人的觀點(diǎn),B項(xiàng)表明斯蒂芬·霍金的觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。2.D[解析]根據(jù)上文可知,火星地球化的主要目標(biāo)之一是使其升溫,因?yàn)槠淦骄鶞囟燃s為-60℃,不利于人類生存,因此,D項(xiàng)承接上文,闡述了使火星升溫變暖的方法是建造制造溫室氣體的工廠,且該選項(xiàng)中的warming與上文中的warm相呼應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。3.F[解析]根據(jù)上文可知,作為一項(xiàng)測試,六個人在夏威夷類似火星的環(huán)境中生活了一年,直到最近“返回地球”；根據(jù)下文可知,一些住在那里的人說,最大的問題之一是感到無聊。由此可推斷,該空應(yīng)該闡述這六個人具體生活的環(huán)境是怎樣的,因此F項(xiàng)符合語境。該選項(xiàng)中的room對應(yīng)下文中的livingthere。故選F項(xiàng)。4.G[解析]根據(jù)上文六個人在夏威夷類似火星的環(huán)境中生活了一年,反饋了一些問題可知,接下來很可能提到另一些問題,因此G項(xiàng)符合語境,該選項(xiàng)提到另一個問題是住在一起的人都應(yīng)該能夠相處,且該選項(xiàng)中的Anotherimportantthing與上文oneofthebiggestissues相呼應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)。5.A[解析]根據(jù)上文可知,一個特別的組織計(jì)劃在2030年前將第一批人類送上火星。由此可推斷,該空將闡述這個計(jì)劃可能會產(chǎn)生的問題,承接上文,A項(xiàng)符合語境,闡述這個計(jì)劃可能會花費(fèi)太多的錢。故選A項(xiàng)?！菊Z篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。很多科學(xué)家正在研究將火星“地球化”,使人類得以生存,一個特別的組織計(jì)劃在2030年前將第一批人類送上火星。Ⅲ.完形填空1.A[解析]由空后的“farbeyondmyabilities”及13空前的“HadIknownhowchallenging...”可知,作者選擇的課程是很“具有挑戰(zhàn)性的”。2.C[解析]由空后的“tryingtodecide”可知