2021屆高三復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)閱讀三說(shuō)明文閱讀

2021屆高三復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)閱讀專練3——說(shuō)明文閱讀

l.Thedifferentpartsofahealthcaresystemhavedifferentfocuses.Ahospitafsstroke（中風(fēng)）unit

monitorsbloodflowinthebrain.Thecardiacunitisinterestedinthatsameflow,butthroughandfromthe

heart.Eachcollectionofequipmentanddataiseffectiveinitsownfield.Thus,likethestoryofblindmen

feelinganelephant,modemhealthcareoffersmanyseparatepicturesofapatient,butrarelyausefulunited

one.

Ontopofallthis,theinstrumentsthatdoctorsusetomonitorhealthareoftenexpensive,asisthe

trainingrequiredtousethem.Thatcombinedcostistoohighforthemedicalsystemtoscanregularly,for

earlysignsofillness,sopatientsareatriskofheartdiseaseorastroke.

AnunusualresearchprojectcalledAlzEye,runbyMoorfieldsEyeHospitalinLondon,in

cooperationwithUniversityCollege,London（UCL）,maychangethis.Itisattemptingtousetheeyeasa

windowthroughwhichsignalsaboutthehealthofotherorganscouldbediscovered.Thedoctorsincharge

ofit,SiegfriedWagnerandPearseKeane,arestudyingMoorfields'databaseofeyescans,whichoffersa

detailedpictureofthehealthoftheretina（視網(wǎng)膜）.

Theprojectwillgoastepfurthe亡Withtheinformationaboutotheraspectsofpatients1health

collectedfromotherhospitalsaroundEngland,doctorswillbeabletolookformoreaccuratesignsof

diseasethrougheyescans.

TheMoorfieldsdatasethaslotsoflinkedcasestoworkwith—farmorethananysimilarproject.For

instance,theUKBiobank,oneoftheworld'sleadingcollectionsofmedicaldataaboutindividualpeople,

contains631casesofaHmajorcardiacadverseevent".TheMoorfieldsdatacontainabout12,000such.The

Biobankhasdataonabout1,500strokepatients.Moorfieldshas11,900.Forthediseaseonwhichthe

Moorfieldsprojectwillfocustostartwithdementia,thedatasetholds15,100cases.Theonlycomparable

studyhas86.

WagnerandKeanearesearchingforpatternsintheeyethatshowtheemergenceofdiseaseelsewhere

inthebody.Ifsuchpatternscouldberecognizedreliably,thepotentialimpactwouldbehuge.

l.Whydoestheauthormention“thestoryofblindmenfeelinganelephant^^inParagraph1?

A.Toclaimtheineffectivenessofourhealthcaresystem.

B.Totellthesimilarityinvarioushealthcareunits.

C.Toexplainthelimitationofmodernhealthcare.

D.Toshowthecomplexityofpatients'pictures

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordMthisninParagraph3referto?

A.Thechallengeofmakingadvancedmedicalinstruments.

B.Thehighriskofgettingaheartdiseaseorastroke

C.Theinconvenienceofmodernhealthcareservice.

D.Theincompleteandexpensivehealthmonitoring.

3.HowdoesAlzEyework?

A.Bythoroughlyexaminingone'sbodyorgans.

B.Byidentifyingone'sstateofhealththrougheyescans

C.Byhelpingdoctorsdiscoverone'sdiseasesoftheeye

D.Bycomparingtheeye-scandatafromdifferenthospitals.

4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheMoorfields'sprojectfromParagraph5?

A.Ittakesadvantageofabundantlyavailablemedicaldata.

B.Itmakesthecollectionofmedicaldatamoreconvenient.

C.ItimprovestheMoorfields1competitivenessinthemedicalfield.

D.ItstrengthensdatasharingbetweentheMoorfieldsandtheBiobank.

2.MorethanathirdofsmalltownsinGeorgialostpopulationinthelastyearalone,highlightingthe

challengesofrevivingruralareas.Newcensus（人口普查）estimatesshowthatCamillafellbelow5,000

residents.Sparksfellbelow2,000,andMilanfellto661residentsforalossof7%ofitspopulation.All

threetownsareinSouthGeorgia."

Manyoftheyoungpeopleinthesecommunitiesgraduatefromhighschoolanddon'tcomeback.They

gotocollege,whatever,theydon'tcomeback/'saidDavidBridges,headofitsCenterforRuralProsperity

andInnovationinTifton.

Meanwhile,Georgia'scitiesaregrowing,havingnoproblemdrawingpeoplefromsmalltownsand

othercities.Atlantagrewmorethan1%inthepastyearandisnownearingthehalf-million-residentmark.

Thetrendofpeoplemovingfromruraltourbanareasishardlyanewone-it'sbeengoingon

worldwideformorethanacentury.Butcontinuedpopulationlosseshaveraisedquestionsaboutwhether

ruralareascandoanythingtoreversethstide.

Ruralresidentscanfaceanumberofchallengesincludingaccesstogoodjobs,transportationand

healthcare.Manufacturingjobshavedriedupinmanyplaces,whilemodernizationandnewtechnology

meansfewerpeopleareneededforfarming.Andmanypeoplearedecidingtohavesmallerfamiliesthan

wastypicalacenturyago.

"Theoldergenerationisdying,theyoungergenerationismovingaway,andbecausethereare

perceivedtobefewerbusinessopportunities,financialopportunities,etc.it'sverychallengingtogetinbound

population."Bridgessaid.

Demographers（人口學(xué)家）expecttheshiftfromruraltourbantocontinue.Buttherearesomebright

spotsinruralAmericastill.JacksonCountynearAthenswasrecentlynamedoneofthefastest-growing

countiesinthenationbytheCensusBureau.Amazonopenedalargefulfillmentcenterthereacoupleof

yearsago.AndYoungHams,neartheGeorgia-NorthCarolinaborder,hasgrownbymorethan80%since

2010.

l.Whathappenedtothesmalltownsmentionedinparagraph1?

A.Theirsizesgrewrapidly.B.Theirpopulationdeclined.

C.Theydrewmoreresidents.D.Theyraisedchallengestolocals.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains'Yeversethetide"underlinedinparagraph4?

A.Peoplemovefromruraltourbanareas.

B.Smalltownsdrawpeoplefromcities.

C.Ruralareasdeveloptheireconomyquickly.

□.Populationcontinuetogrowinurbanareas.

3.WhyisDavidBridgesquoted?

A.Todrawaconclusion.B.Tooffermoreevidence.

C.Toshowhiscontribution.D.Togivepartofthereasons.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.JacksonCountyisthebesttownintheUS.

B.Ruraltownswillkeepgrowingtolargerones.

C.Otherswillfollowtheleadofthesebrightspots.

D.Therecanbemeasurestohelpruraltownsgrow.

3.Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealth

problemintheGlobalSouth'slandfillsiles（垃圾填埋場(chǎng)）.

Electronicwaste（e-waste）currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincrease

rapidlyasmoreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbank.Theyendupinplaceslike

AgbogbloshieontheoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,Accra.Itisthebiggeste-wastedumpintheworld,where

10,000informalworkerswalkthroughtonsofabandonedgoodsaspartofaninformalrecyclingprocess.

Theyrisktheirhealthsearchingforthepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.

ButAgbogbloshieshouldnotexist.TheBaselConvention,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdeveloped

nationsfromunauthorizeddumpingofe-wasteinlessdevelopedcountries.Thee-wasteindustry,however,

circumventstheregulationsbyexportinge-wastelabelledasMsecondhandgoodsntopoorcountrieslike

Ghana,knowingfullwellthatitisheadingforalandfillsite.

ArecentreportfoundAgbogbloshiecontainedsomeofthemostdangerouschemicals.Thisisnot

surprising:smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury（水銀）,leadandevenarsenic（碑）.Reportedly,one

eggfromafree-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertainchemicalwhichcancausecancerand

damagetheimmunesystematalevelthafsabout220timesgreaterthanalimitsetbytheEuropeanFood

SafetyAuthority（EFSA）.Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreetopollutethebroadersoil

andwatersystem.Thisshouldconcernusall,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsarecocoaandnuts.

Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfbrtheirconsumers*waste.Forexample,

Germanyhasstartedaprojectthatincludesasustainable（可持續(xù)的）recyclingsystematAgbogbloshie,

alongwithahealthclinicforworkers.However,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereis

analmostlimitlessconsumerdemandfbrhardware,especiallywhengovernmentsgreenpoliciesare

focusedonissueslikeclimatechange.

Onlythemanufacturerscanfixthis.Amoreeconomicallysustainableandpoliticallypossible

solutionisthroughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingof

hardwareprofitable,oratleastcost-neutral.

l.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Electronicproductsneedimprovingurgently.

B.Electronicwasteistoocomplextogetfullyrecycled.

C.ElectronicwasterequiresmorelandfillsitesacrossGhana.

0.ElectronicpollutionisaburningquestioninAgbogbloshie.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"circumvents"inParagraph3mean?

A.Tightens.B.Abolishes.C.Getsaround.D.Bringsin.

3.Whatshouldbethebiggestconcernaccordingtothetext?

A.TheviolationofEFSA'sstandards.

B.ThelackofdiversityinGhana'sexports.

C.Thedamagetochicken*simmunesystem.

D.Thethreatofpollutedfoodaroundtheworld

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthebestsolutiontothee-wasteproblem?

A.Manufacturers*developingasustainablehardwareeconomy.

B.Governments1adjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.

C.Reducingcustomers'demandsforelectronicproducts.

D.Lettinggovernmentstakeonthemainresponsibility

4.Nooneknowswhoinventedthebutton.Ithasexistedasearlyas2000BC.Whenitfirststarted,itwas

justsomethingprettyyetreplaceablesewnontoyourclothes.About3,000yearslater,someonefinally

inventedthebuttonhole,andbuttonsweresuddenlyusefulandappliedtoclothesuniversally.

Beforebuttons,clotheswerebigger—theyhadnofixedshapes.Peoplefeltasiftheywrapped

themselvesinthings.Becauseofthebuttonhole,thefashionmovedclosertothebodyaswediscovered

usesforthebutton.Atonetime,ifstheverywaytomakeclothesfitwellforthebody.Peopleare

completelysecure.

Thepatternofabuttonhasn'tchangedmuchsincetheMiddleAges.Itsoneofthemostlasting

designsinhistory,becauseitactuallyworkstokeepourclothesshut.Zipperseasilybreakandarehardto

fix.Velcroisrackety,anditwearsoutafterawhile.However,ifabuttonbreaks,youjustexactlysew

anotheron.Andyourandoupyourbuttonswithoutdisturbingothers.

Abuttonisthereforthelongrun.Ifsnotjustthemostimportantdesignever,butit'sthoughttobea

decisivefactorinthedevelopmentandinnovationofclothes.Presentdesignofclothesshowsitsinfluence

obviously.Ifyou'rewearingatakealookatthepositionofbuttonsonit.Ifyou'reamale,thebuttons

wouldlikelybeontherightside,butforafemale,thebuttonsareusuallyfoundontheleft.

Oncethebuttonswereallontheright,andthetrendofbuttons-on-the-leftwassetbywealthywomen

oftheVictorianera.Theirclotheswerecomplex,consistingofcorsets,petticoats,buttonsandawiderange

ofbeautifulaccessories（酉己飾）.Therefore,theyneededassistancewhilegettingdressed.Keepthisinmind,

clothingmakersmadeinnovationanddesignedarticlesofclothingthatweresimpleforservantstobutton

up.Suchdesignsofclothingbecamemoreandmorepopularovertime,andeventuallybecamethestandard

stillbeingfollowedtothisday.

1.Whatcanbelearntaboutearlybuttonsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Theyappearedabitlaterthanbuttonholes.

B.Theyservedasanessentialpartoftheclothes.

C.Theirpopularitywasdrivenbybuttonholesgreatly.

D.Theywereinventedbysomeoneunknownaccidently.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordurackety"inparagraph3mean?

A.Decorative.B.Practical.C.Expensive.D.Noisy.

3.Whydidthedesignofbuttonsonwomen'sclotheschangeintheVictorianera?

A.Toinnovateolddesignsofclothes.

B.Tomakeiteasiertobuttonup.

C.Tobeautifytheclothesofwomen.

D.Tokeepthestandardwidelyfollowed.

4.Whichcanbethetitleofthetext?

A.Howbuttonschangedfashion

B.Whattherealroleofbuttonsis

C.Whybuttonswereinvented

D.Whenbuttonscameintosight

5.AtinyAlaskavillagehasexperiencedaboomintourisminrecentyear'saspolarbearsspendmoretime

onlandthanonArcticseaice.

Morethan2,000peoplevisitedthenorthernAlaskavillageofKaktovikin2018toseepolarbearsinthe

wild.Thefarnorthcommunityliesinanareawhereincreasinglyhighertemperaturehasspedupthe

movementofseaice,theprimaryhabitat（棲息地）ofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwater

beyondthecontinentalshelf,morebearsareremainingonlandtolookforfood.

PolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butvillagersstartednoticinga

changeinthemid-1990s.Morebearsseemedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmore

femalebearsmakinghomesinthesnowonlandinsteadofontheicetoraisetheirbabies.U.S.Fishand

WildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumberofpolarbearsintheareainthe

early2000s.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplight（困境）ofpolarbearsaboutadecadeago,more

touristsstartedheadingtoKaktovik.

Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011,saidJenniferReed,oftheArcticNational

WildlifeRefuge.nTodaywe'retalkingabouthundredsandhundredsofvisitors,manyfromaroundthe

worldeachyear,"Reedsaid.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecausesea

iceisfarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglangasak,alocalhunterwhosometimesoffers

wildlife-viewingtours,saidbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2004.Mostofhisclients（客戶）arefrom

ChinaandEurope,aswellasfromthelower48U.S.states.Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,

whichhastwosmallhotels.Thevillagershavebenefitedalotfromthat.Inturn,theyprovidemore

effectiveprotectionforpolarhearswithfinancialsupportfromtourismdevelopment.

l.WhatcausesmorepolarbearstostayonlandinKaktovik?

A.Foodshortage.B.Climatechange.

C.Habitats,movementtoshore.D.Theirpreferenceforland.

2.Howdidcommonpeoplefeelaboutmoresightofbearsonland?

A.Excited.B.Puzzled.C.Concemed.D.Shocked.

3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.HotelsinKaktovikareindemandinautumn.

B.Kaktovikhasabout50visitorsannually.

C.Inglangasakmakesalivingasatourguide.

D.Tourismaffectsthebalanceofnature.

4.Whichsayingcandescribethetext?

A.Thefittestcansurvive.B.Afterastormcomesacalm.

C.Thereisalwaysopportunityincrisis.D.Everycoinhastwosides.

6.NorwaysharesalongeasternborderwithSwedenandisborderedbyFinlandandRussiatothe

north-east,andtheSkagerrakStraittoihesouth——Denmarkontheothersideofthestrait.Ithasail

extensivecoastline,facingtheNorthAtlanticOceanandtheBarentsSea.

Forthelastfewyears,Norwayhasregisteredthehighestquality6flifeamongtheworldsnations.Itis

oneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld.Norwegianscanalsoexpecttogetagoodeducation,thejob

theywan!—unemploymentisonly4percentaccordingtorecentdataupdatedinJanuary,2019—enjoy

goodhealthandlivealonglife.Itsachievementtodayiscompletelyunexpectedformanypeople,

especiallyseniorcitizensthere.Just80yearsagoNorwegiansweremovingtotheUSAintheirthousands

insearchofabetterlife.Theriseinoilpricesinthe1970schangedallthat.Onaper-capita（人均的）basis,

Norwayistheworld'slargestproducerofoiloutsideoftheMiddleEast.

WhenyouarriveinOslo,thecapitalofNorway,forthefirstdon'texpecttobemetbyDubai-style

skyscrapers,androwsofFerrarisandPorsches.In2018,Norwaybecameoneofthefewcountrieswhere

over5inevery100passengercarsontheroadsisaplug-inelectricone.Norwegiansalsoworkhardand

arealwaysnearthetopinresearchonglobalworkerproductivityrates.Buiintoday'shigh-techworld

whereworkseemstofollowuswhereverwego,thepeopleofNorwayareredefining（重新定義）what

wealthmeans.Lawsjustrecentlypassedbythegovernmentattachgreatimportancetofamilyandtimeoff.

Also,thecountryissavingforthefuture.Everydollarearnedfromoilisputstraightintoitspensions

------worthbillionsofdollars.Atatimewhenmostotherwesterncountriesarewonderinghowtheywill

financethepensionsofagrowingretiredpopulation,Norwayissittingpretty.

1.WhereistheSkagerrakstrait?

A.NeartheBarentsSea.B.OntheeastofFinland.

C.NearthenorthofNorway.D.OnthenorthofDenmark.

2.WhatleadstoNorway'ssuccess?

A.Itshugereserveofoil.B.Itslowunemploymentrate.

C.Itsqualityeducation.D.Itspleasantnaturalenvironment.

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutNorwayfromparagraph3?

A.Norwegiansareseekingmodernlife.

B.Itismodestaboutitswealth.

C.Itputsmuchfocusonthetraffic.

□.Norwegianstrytokeepawayfromhightechnology.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphconvey?

A.Norway'sfutureshouldbeconsidered.

B.Norwaywouldn'tliketomakechanges.

C.Norwayhasaccumulatedenoughpensions.

D.Norway*sretiredpopulationisdecreasing.

答案以及解析

1.答案:l.C;2.D;3.B;4.A

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段modernhealthcareoffersmanyseparatepictures...rarelyauseful

unitedone可知，盲人摸象的例子是為了解釋現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療檢查很少能全面地提供患者的整體情況,因此具

有局限性。

2.代詞指代題。前兩段主要講了現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療檢查的片面性以及高昂的費(fèi)用，而一項(xiàng)不同尋常的研究項(xiàng)目

AlzEye也許能改變這一切。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Itisattemptingtousetheeye...healthofotherorgans.及第四段Withthe

information...signsofdiseasethrougheyescans可知,AlzEye的工作模式是通過(guò)眼部掃描來(lái)辨別一個(gè)人

的健康狀況。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段列舉的數(shù)據(jù)信息可知,Moorfields的項(xiàng)目較同類項(xiàng)目充分利用了更多現(xiàn)存的

數(shù)據(jù)。

2.答案：l.B;2.B;3.D;4.D

3.答案：l.D;2.C;3.D;4.A

解析：1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Electronicwastecurrentlytakesup5percent...andpowerbank.可知,

隨著電子垃圾的快速增長(zhǎng),Agbogbloshie地區(qū)的電子污染是一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題。

2.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線處上下文內(nèi)容可知，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家打著向發(fā)展中國(guó)家出口“二手物品”的幌子將電

子垃圾轉(zhuǎn)移到發(fā)展中國(guó)家來(lái)避開(kāi)巴塞爾公約的規(guī)定，可推知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思為“避開(kāi)、繞開(kāi)”。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicals...exportsarecocoaandnuts.可

知，加納大量對(duì)外出口可可和堅(jiān)果，故全球范圍內(nèi)都會(huì)受到被污染食物的毒害。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，作者認(rèn)為解決電子垃圾問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵在于硬件生產(chǎn)商，他們應(yīng)該遵

守可持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則，生產(chǎn)便于維修、可回收利用的電子產(chǎn)品。

4.答案：l.C2.D3.B4.A

解析：LC【命題意圖】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。

【解題思路】由第——段的"someonefinallyinventedthebuttonhole,andbuttonsweresuddenlyusefuland

appliedtoclothesuniversally"可知，由于扣眼的出現(xiàn)，紐扣變得有實(shí)際作用并開(kāi)始被普遍地用在服裝

上。

2.D【命題意圖】考查詞義猜測(cè)。

【解題思路】根據(jù)畫線詞前后的"Zipperseasilybreakandtirehardtofix""However,ifabuttonbreaks,

youjustexactlysewanotheron"可知，此處是在對(duì)比紐扣與其他同作用的東西來(lái)說(shuō)明它成為歷史上最

久遠(yuǎn)的設(shè)計(jì)之一的原因；由下文的"Andyoucandoupyourbuttonswithoutdisturbingothers"可知，紐

扣與Velcro（尼龍搭扣）相比，扣紐扣不會(huì)打擾到他人，由此說(shuō)明扣尼龍搭扣會(huì)發(fā)出噪音，故D項(xiàng)

"Noisy"可解釋畫線詞。

3.B【命題意圖】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。

【解題思路】由最后一段的"Theirclotheswerecomplex,consistingofcorsets,petticoats,buttonsanda

widerangeofbeautifulaccessories（酉己飾）.Therefore,theyneededassistancewhilegettingdressed.Keep

thisinmind,clothing