中考英語語法知識專題名詞名詞所有格課件含答案

第三篇語法知識專題第一節(jié)名詞/名詞全部格名詞(一)名詞的分類：名詞是表達人或事物名稱的詞。它分為專有名詞和一般名詞。類別定義例詞專有名詞表示具體的人名，事物，地名，組織等名稱的詞。China，theGreatWall普通名詞可數(shù)個體名詞表個別人或事物的名稱teacher，apple集體名詞表若干人或事物的名稱family，police不可數(shù)物質名詞表物質或材料的名稱water，bread抽象名詞表感情等抽象概念的名稱love，knowledge1(二)名詞的數(shù)：名詞按事物的性質分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。1．可數(shù)名詞：①有復數(shù)；②單數(shù)前加a/an。2．不可數(shù)名詞：①無復數(shù)；②不能用a,an修飾。(1)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式的不規(guī)則變化情況構成方法例詞特殊名詞變內部元音man—men，woman—women，foot—feet，tooth—teeth單復數(shù)同形Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish(中國人和日本人喜愛綿羊、鹿和魚)完全不規(guī)則penny—pence，child—children，mouse—mice2國人變復數(shù)口訣：中日不變英法變，其他一般s加背面。ChinaChineseChineseJapanJapaneseJapaneseEnglandEnglishmanEnglishmenFranceFrenchmanFrenchmenGermanyGermanGermansAmericaAmericanAmericansAustraliaAustralianAustraliansIndiaIndianIndiansCanadaCanadianCanadiansItalyItalianItaliansBrazilBrazilianBraziliansSingaporeSingaporeanSingaporeansKoreaKoreanKoreans3(2)可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式的規(guī)則變化情況構成方法例詞(口訣)以f或fe結尾一般變f,fe為v再加-es樹葉(leaf)半數(shù)(half)自己(self)黃，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去殺狼(wolf)，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。以o結尾四個單詞加-es，其余加-s英雄(hero)和黑人(Negro)喜歡吃西紅柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)以輔音字母＋y結尾變y為i再加-esbaby—babies，city—cities，dictionary—dictionaries(monkey—monkeys“元音字母＋y”直接加－s)以s，x,ch，sh等結尾加-esbus—buses，box—boxes，watch—watches，wish—wishes一般情況加-sbook—books，table—tables4(3)不可數(shù)名詞：分為抽象名詞和物質名詞，表數(shù)量時要用“基數(shù)詞或不定冠詞＋量詞＋of＋不可數(shù)名詞”，注意of后的名詞只能用原形。如：apieceofnews,twopiecesofbread。物質名詞食物bread，meat，rice，cheese，fish，beef飲料water，tea，coffee，wine，milk，cola自然物質wood，sand，soil，air抽象名詞情感friendship，peace，joy，love概念news，population學科，語言maths，physics，geography，English5名詞的形容詞轉換：n．＋y

rain—rainy

cloud—cloudy

sun—sunny

luck—lucky

health—healthyn．＋ful

use—useful

harm—harmful

beauty—beautiful

care—careful

wonder—wonderful

thank—thankfuln．＋less

useless

care—careless

help—helplessn．＋ly

friend—friendly

love—lovely

month—monthlyn．＋n

Asia—Asian

America—American

Australia—Australiann．＋en

wool—woolen

wood—wooden

gold—golden6(三)名詞考點1．集體名詞：family，people，crowd，class，police(1)指整體時，視為單數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(2)指組員時，視為復數(shù)，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。Herfamilyis(be)verybig.她家是一種大家庭。Herfamilyare(be)footballfans.她全家人都是足球迷。72．man，woman作定語修飾名詞時，當表達復數(shù)意義時，man,woman及所修飾的名詞均要用復數(shù)形式。如：menteachers，womenteachers。其他只有后一種名詞用復數(shù)如：boystudents，girlstudents,appletrees。3．短語“a/this/thatpairof＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)。Howmuchis(be)thispairofshoes?Thatpairofpantsis(be)mine.4．“名詞＋介詞(with/except...)＋名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)由介詞前的名詞決定。Lucywithherfriendsgoes(go)totheparkeverySunday.85．表時間、金錢、距離的名詞作主語時，視為一種整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Tenyearsis(be)averylongtime.6．?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞room＝space空間；空地Thereisnoroomtoputthedeskhere.news，information，advice，weather，music，pollution,population...7．exercise作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“鍛煉”。作可數(shù)名詞意為“練習；操”。Weshouldtakemoreexercise.It’sgoodforourhealth.Doingmoreeyeexercisesisgoodforoureyesight.Togethighscoresweshoulddomanymathexerciseseveryday.9名詞全部格(一)名詞全部格表達人或物的隸屬和全部關系，有兩種表達形式：1．有生命的名詞后加-'s。2．無生命的名詞后加of介詞短語。類型構成方法例詞有生命的名詞(人或動物)在詞尾加-'sTony'spen以-s結尾的名詞只加-'thestudents'textbooksTeachers’Day不規(guī)則復數(shù)名詞在詞尾加-'sWomen'sDayChildren'sDay兩人共同擁有某物用AandB'sLucyandLily'smother兩人分別擁有某物用A'sandB'sLucy'sandLily'sbeds無生命的名詞時間、距離……在詞尾加-'s或-'twentyminutes'walk

today'snewspaper其他用“of＋名詞”結構aphotoofmyfamily雙重所有格of＋-'s所有格afriendofhermother'sof＋名詞性物主代詞afriendofmine10(二)名詞全部格考點1．表幾十分鐘的旅程的短語：tenminutes'walk＝aten－minutewalk2．雙重全部格和一般全部格的區(qū)別：aphotoofmysister's(照片屬于我姐姐，但照片上的人不一定是我姐姐)；aphotoofmysister(照片上的人是我姐姐)3．名詞全部格表住宅，學校，店鋪，診所(這些名詞常省略)theGreen’s格林一家atthedoctor’s在診所11考點一名詞的分類1．(2023·中考改編)Thestudentsdidn'tfindmuch________aboutthetopiconthatwebsite.()A.report B．article C．information2．(2023·中考改編)—Lookatmystamps.—Theyareverybeautiful!You’vegotawonderful__________.()A.instruction B．description C．collection3．(2023·中考改編)—MyfavoriteTV________isABiteofChina(舌尖上的中國)．—Ilikeit,too.Mymotheroftencooksdeliciousfoodafterwatchingit.()A.guidebook B．program C．instructionCCB124．(2023·中考改編)─Someonecalledyoujustnow.—Iknow.ButIwasbusyatthattime.WhenIcalledback,therewasno________.()A.voice B．sound C．answer5．(2023·中考改編)Hewillhavetowatchhis________becauseofhisseriousstomachproblem.()A.style B．diet C．smell6．(2023·中考改編)TheChinesesaying“Atreecan’tmakeaforest”tellsusthat________isveryimportantinafootballmatch.()A．ability B．decision C．teamworkCBC137．(2023·中考改編)—Astudyshowsthatgoodhabitsplayaveryimportant________inchildren’seducation.—Ithinkso.()A.sense B．part C．reason8．(2023·中考改編)—Therearealotof________ofbikeriding.—Iagree.It’sgoodfortheenvironmentanditsavesmoney.()A．instructions B．instruments C．advantagesBC14考點二名詞的數(shù)1．(2023·中考改編)—Mum,I’veheardthatwecan’teat________thesedays.Isittrue?—Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.()A.chickens B．chicken C．achicken2．(2023·中考改編)—Ihavegreat________infinishingtheworkbymyself.Canyouhelpme?—Noproblem.()A.fun B．success C．difficultyBC153．(2023·中考改編)AtnightinZunyi,wecanseemanycolorfullightsonboth________ofthestreets.()A.sides B．side C．side’s4．(2023·中考改編)I’mhappytoseegreat________havetakenplaceinmyhometown.Manynewroadshavebeenbuilt.()A.experiences B．changes C．dreams5．(2023·中考改編)Beinghonestisthefirst________ifyouwanttomakefriendswithothers.()A.step B．time C．handABA16考點三名詞全部格1．(2023·中考改編)Tom’swatchisthesameashis________.()A.brother B．brothers C．brother’s2．(2023·中考改編)—WhydidtheyhelpMrs.Brownwithherwork?—Becauseshewas________.()A．anoldfriendofthemB．agoodfriendoftheirsC．thefriendofthemCB173．(2023·中考改編)Idon’tthinkdoinghouseworkisjust________work.()A.woman B．women’s C．women4．(2023·中考改編)________motherisn’tathome,andshehastraveledaboard.()A.AliceandLily’s B.Alice’sandLily’s C.Alice’sandLily5．(2023·中考改編)—Howfarisitfromheretothepolicestation?—It’sabout________ride.()A.fortyminute B.fortyminutes C.fortyminutes’6．(2023·中考改編)________fatherscan’tgototheclassmeetingbecausetheyhavegonetobusiness.()A.JackandMike’s B.Jack’sandMike’s C.Jack’sandMikeBACB18adviceexercisesportsEight-year-oldFrenchGermansCACCCA19第三篇語法知識專題第八節(jié)副詞(一)副詞的功能：修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞功能例子修飾動詞Theboyrunsquickly.修飾形容詞Thestoryisreallyinteresting.修飾副詞Youcandoitquitewell.22(二)副詞的種類副詞分類例子時間副詞soon,now,early,finally,once,recently頻度副詞always,usually,often,frequently,seldom,hardly,never地點副詞here,nearby,outside,upwards,above疑問副詞how,where,when,why方式副詞hard,well,fast,slowly,excitedly,really連接副詞how,when,where,why,whether,however，meanwhile程度副詞almost,nearly,very,fairly,quite,rather關系副詞when,where,why23(三)副詞考點感官動詞feel，sound，look，smell，taste等后跟形容詞，不用副詞。Thispieceofmusicsoundswell.(錯題，應把well改為good)24考點一副詞分類及使用方法1．(2023·中考改編)InChinaitisacustomtogivekidsluckymoney，________duringtheSpringFestival.()A．finally B．luckily C．especially2．(2023·中考改編)Ifyoudon'twork________enough，Idon'tthinkyourdreamwillcome________.()A．hardly;truly B．hardly;true C．hard;true3．(2023·中考改編)I________gotothetheater，becauseIdon'tlikeoperasatall.()A．always B．often C．neverCCC254．(2023·中考改編)How________thechildrenareplaying！Theyevenforgetthetimetogohome!()A．happy B．happily C．unhappy5．(2023