學(xué)術(shù)交際英語(yǔ)課件

第三章

學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作

第三章

學(xué)術(shù)論文寫(xiě)作

13.1標(biāo)題Title3.2摘要Abstract關(guān)鍵詞Keyword3.3引言Introduction3.4正文Body3.5結(jié)論Conclusion3.6致謝Acknowledge3.7參考目錄Reference3.8附錄Appendix3.9作者簡(jiǎn)介Author3.1標(biāo)題Title23.1標(biāo)題Title1)寫(xiě)作要求標(biāo)題不應(yīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)<=15word多用專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)及關(guān)鍵性詞匯不要使用縮略語(yǔ)形式和符號(hào)可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要編寫(xiě)副標(biāo)題3.1標(biāo)題32)寫(xiě)作常用表達(dá)（1）名詞短語(yǔ)DesignandRealizationoftheRadioFrequencyIdentificationSystem一種無(wú)線射頻識(shí)別系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)2)寫(xiě)作常用表達(dá)4題目翻譯對(duì)比：級(jí)聯(lián)隧道二極管放大器應(yīng)用的探索譯1:InvestigationontheApplicationoftheCascadedTunnel-DiodeAmplifier譯2：ApplicationofCascadedTunnel-DiodeAmplifierStudyof,Investigationon,Observationon等詞組徒然增加題目長(zhǎng)度，并無(wú)實(shí)際內(nèi)涵。題目翻譯對(duì)比：5題目翻譯對(duì)比：一種基于等距線的碰撞檢測(cè)算法譯1:AlgorithmforDetectionofIsometric-line-basedCollision譯2:Isometric-line-basedCollisionDetectionAlgorithm名詞短語(yǔ)作前置定語(yǔ)或作狀語(yǔ)可省略介詞使用題目翻譯對(duì)比：6

名詞+of+A+介詞+BTheadvantageofTDMAoverSCPCdependenceoftheoutputontheinput題目：電子望遠(yuǎn)鏡對(duì)光學(xué)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的優(yōu)越性譯：SuperiorityofElectronicTelescopestoOpticalTelescopes使標(biāo)題顯得地道凝練名詞+of+A+介詞+B7（2）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和“on短語(yǔ)”ImprovingtheStabilityofOscillators振蕩器穩(wěn)定性的改進(jìn)試論大型實(shí)時(shí)傳輸系統(tǒng)的可能性

“試論”如何表達(dá)？OnthePossibilityofLarge-ScaleReal-TimeTransmissionSystem（2）動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和“on短語(yǔ)”83)格式要求首字母大寫(xiě)，專有名詞大寫(xiě)AnalysisofthereliabilityofbusRS485首字母大寫(xiě)，實(shí)詞首字母大寫(xiě)SmallIntelligentWinderBasedonElectronicBrakingModeWithoutGearWithout的詞性是？W大寫(xiě)的原因是？全部字母均大寫(xiě)PREDISTORTIONTECHNIQUEFORMICROWAVEFILTERS3)格式要求93.2摘要Abstract1)寫(xiě)作要求長(zhǎng)度50words—400words用詞簡(jiǎn)練組成：目的，方法，結(jié)果，意義一般在論文寫(xiě)作結(jié)束后寫(xiě)摘要3.2摘要Abst102)寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“大詞”不用縮略語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)大量固定搭配名詞表動(dòng)作詞匯特點(diǎn)開(kāi)頭句型連貫句型常用句型比較句型結(jié)論句型2)寫(xiě)作注意事項(xiàng)11語(yǔ)態(tài)人們說(shuō)。。。Itissaidthat…我們發(fā)現(xiàn)。。。Itwasfoundthat…大家認(rèn)為。。。Itisconsidered…

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)為主語(yǔ)態(tài)12例：針對(duì)片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)映射問(wèn)題，提出一種新的映射算法。Anewmappingalgorithmisproposed,aimingatthemappingproblemofnetwork-on-chip.Thispaperproposesanewmappingalgorithm,aimingat…漢語(yǔ)無(wú)主句英語(yǔ)應(yīng)以被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)，或考慮thispaper為主語(yǔ)。

例：針對(duì)片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)映射問(wèn)題，提出一種新的映射算法。13例：首先回顧了光纖通信的歷史，綜述了光纖通信的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，接著介紹了密集波分復(fù)用的若干使能技術(shù)，最后對(duì)40Gb／s系統(tǒng)的若干關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了評(píng)述。Thispaperbeginswithanintroductiontothecurrentstatusofopticalfibercommunication,followedbyapresentationofsomeenablingtechnologiesofdensewavelengthdivisionmultiplexing(DWDM)andconcludeswithacommentonsomekeytechnologiesforthe40Gb/ssystem.

…beginswith…,followedby…andconcludeswith…例：首先回顧了光纖通信的歷史，綜述了光纖通信的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，接著14時(shí)態(tài)No.1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)No.2一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例：本文討論了。。。介紹了。。。Thispaperdiscussed…,introduced...Thispaperdiscusses…,introduces…雖然“了”，仍是時(shí)態(tài)15例：先前的研究表明。。。Previousresearchshowedthat…Previousresearchhasshownthat…說(shuō)明論題的發(fā)展背景和研究趨勢(shì),“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)”表示持續(xù)到撰寫(xiě)論文時(shí)的行文或狀態(tài)例：先前的研究表明。。。16about→get→tell→enough→cheap→buy→understand→say→approximatelyobtaininformsufficientinexpensive/cost-effectivepurchaseappreciatestate詞匯特點(diǎn)1BigWordsabout→approximatelyobtaininfo17

change→important→end→ask→use→finally→care→similar→varyvital/significantterminateinquireutilize/employ/adopt/applyeventuallycautionidenticalvaryvital/signifi18cann’t→cannotlab→laboratoryProf.→professorad→advertisement詞匯特點(diǎn)2NoShortTermscann’t→cannot詞匯特點(diǎn)219動(dòng)詞與名詞做一分析[比較；研究]

makeananalysis[acomparison;astudy]做一介紹[描述；說(shuō)明]

giveanintroduction[adescription;anexplanation]詞匯特點(diǎn)3SetCollocations動(dòng)詞與名詞詞匯20

動(dòng)詞與名詞提高質(zhì)量

improvethequality提高效率

raise[increase]theefficiency提高能力

increasetheability提高認(rèn)識(shí)

deepentheunderstanding動(dòng)詞與21

名詞與介詞Makeastudyof/Doaresearchon(into)Makeananalysisof/GiveanintroductiontoForthispurpose/TothisendBythismethod/InthiswayThemethodfor/Thewayofthecurrentthrough/thevoltageacrossBeabletodo/becapableofdoingBedifferentfrom/thedifferencebetween…and…Bedependenton/Beindependentof名22

nounofAprepositionBTheadvantageofA____BTheratioofA____BThedistanceofA____BThesuperiorityofA____BTheeffectofA____BovertofromtoonnounofAprepo23thepassageofA________B

thedepartureofA____B

thereactionofA____B

theinteractionofA____B

thedependenceofA_____B

throughfromtowithonthepassageofA________Bth24Translatethefollowingphrases:休息一會(huì)兒看一下放松放松詞匯特點(diǎn)4TendtousenounsTranslatethefollowingphrase25例：本文說(shuō)明了一種簡(jiǎn)單的傳輸過(guò)程。Thispaperillustratesasimpletransmissionprocess.Thispaperprovidesanillustrationofasimpletransmissionprocess.例：本文說(shuō)明了一種簡(jiǎn)單的傳輸過(guò)程。26句型基本要求：1）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)單，句子其他成分復(fù)雜2）大量使用be（陳述定義）和have（敘述事物特征）3）使用不提及人的陳述句句型27摘要開(kāi)頭句型Thispaperdealswith/discusses/studies/presents/gives/proposes…（或者用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Thisstudyinvestigates…Thisresearchshows…摘要開(kāi)頭句型28例：本文對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)原理作了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，重點(diǎn)放在軟件開(kāi)發(fā)上。Abriefintroductiontotheprincipleofcomputersisgivenwithemphasisonthedevelopmentofsoftware.Thispapergivesabriefintroductionto…,withemphasison…“本文討論了…其重點(diǎn)放在…”句型：Thispaperdiscusses…withemphasison…例：本文對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)原理作了簡(jiǎn)要介紹，重點(diǎn)放在軟件開(kāi)發(fā)上。29摘要連貫句型本文首先。。。接著。。。最后總結(jié)。。。Thispaperbeginswith…,followedby…andconcludeswith…注意銜接詞的使用摘要連貫句型30例：首先介紹了用等效傳輸線法解析求解孔縫屏蔽效能的原理，同時(shí)在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了求解金屬接縫屏蔽效能的方法，然后通過(guò)算例驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性，最后給出了該方法在實(shí)際中的應(yīng)用。Thepaperfirstintroducestheanalyticalformulationfortheshieldingeffectivenessofenclosureswithaperture,andputsforwardamethodforsolvingshieldingeffectivenessofmetal-to-metalcontactseam.Thenitvalidatesthemethodbyanexampleandfinallypresentsitsapplication.例：首先介紹了用等效傳輸線法解析求解孔縫屏蔽效能的原理，同時(shí)31摘要比較句型Acomparisonof…with…ismade.…h(huán)asadvantagesover……incomparisonwith…摘要比較句型32摘要結(jié)論句型Itcanbeconcludedthat…Insummingup,itmaybestatedthat…Theexperimentresultsindicatethat…Theresearchsuggeststhat…Theinvestigationhasrevealedthat…Thefindingsoftheresearchhaveledtheauthortoaconclusionthat…Finally,asummaryisgivenof…摘要結(jié)論句型333)關(guān)鍵詞Keywords反映文章主題3—8words按字母次序排列如正文有縮寫(xiě)形式，在該詞后附上其縮寫(xiě)式Keywords:EnvironmentalMonitoringSystem,GeneticAnnealing,Network-on-Chip(NoC),Real-timeDataAcquisition3)關(guān)鍵詞Keywor343.3引言Introduction(1)引言不應(yīng)重復(fù)摘要或解釋摘要(2)解釋或定義專門(mén)術(shù)語(yǔ)或縮寫(xiě)詞(3)給自己的研究一個(gè)恰如其分的評(píng)價(jià)(4)避免語(yǔ)言過(guò)于俗套3.3引言Introduct35引言寫(xiě)作句型背景寫(xiě)作句型Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagreatinterestin…Itisnoteworthythat…h(huán)asmadeprogress…Inmoststudiesof…,…h(huán)asbeenemphasizedwithattentionbeinggivento…Severalresearchershavetheoreticallyinvestigated…引言寫(xiě)作句型36提出問(wèn)題時(shí)Littleliteratureisavailableon……poseaproblemofconsiderableinterestinmanyindustrialapplications.提出問(wèn)題時(shí)37主題寫(xiě)作句型Itisimportanttostudy…Inthispaper,…isdiscussed(studied,presented,investigated,described,etc.)Theprimarygoalofthisresearchis…Thepurposeofthispaper(study,thesis,etc.)is…Theemphasisofthispaperistosurvey…Thepresentstudyisthereforefocusedon…Thispaperreportson…Thepresentworkdealsmainlywith…主題寫(xiě)作句型383.4正文Body1)段落主題能說(shuō)明段落中心思想的內(nèi)容能體現(xiàn)中心思想使用簡(jiǎn)潔明了的句子主題句的位置可以在開(kāi)頭，中間，結(jié)尾