學術交際英語課件

第三章

學術論文寫作

第三章

學術論文寫作

13.1標題Title3.2摘要Abstract關鍵詞Keyword3.3引言Introduction3.4正文Body3.5結論Conclusion3.6致謝Acknowledge3.7參考目錄Reference3.8附錄Appendix3.9作者簡介Author3.1標題Title23.1標題Title1)寫作要求標題不應過長<=15word多用專業(yè)術語及關鍵性詞匯不要使用縮略語形式和符號可根據(jù)實際需要編寫副標題3.1標題32)寫作常用表達（1）名詞短語DesignandRealizationoftheRadioFrequencyIdentificationSystem一種無線射頻識別系統(tǒng)的設計與實現(xiàn)2)寫作常用表達4題目翻譯對比：級聯(lián)隧道二極管放大器應用的探索譯1:InvestigationontheApplicationoftheCascadedTunnel-DiodeAmplifier譯2：ApplicationofCascadedTunnel-DiodeAmplifierStudyof,Investigationon,Observationon等詞組徒然增加題目長度，并無實際內涵。題目翻譯對比：5題目翻譯對比：一種基于等距線的碰撞檢測算法譯1:AlgorithmforDetectionofIsometric-line-basedCollision譯2:Isometric-line-basedCollisionDetectionAlgorithm名詞短語作前置定語或作狀語可省略介詞使用題目翻譯對比：6

名詞+of+A+介詞+BTheadvantageofTDMAoverSCPCdependenceoftheoutputontheinput題目：電子望遠鏡對光學望遠鏡的優(yōu)越性譯：SuperiorityofElectronicTelescopestoOpticalTelescopes使標題顯得地道凝練名詞+of+A+介詞+B7（2）動詞短語和“on短語”ImprovingtheStabilityofOscillators振蕩器穩(wěn)定性的改進試論大型實時傳輸系統(tǒng)的可能性

“試論”如何表達？OnthePossibilityofLarge-ScaleReal-TimeTransmissionSystem（2）動詞短語和“on短語”83)格式要求首字母大寫，專有名詞大寫AnalysisofthereliabilityofbusRS485首字母大寫，實詞首字母大寫SmallIntelligentWinderBasedonElectronicBrakingModeWithoutGearWithout的詞性是？W大寫的原因是？全部字母均大寫PREDISTORTIONTECHNIQUEFORMICROWAVEFILTERS3)格式要求93.2摘要Abstract1)寫作要求長度50words—400words用詞簡練組成：目的，方法，結果，意義一般在論文寫作結束后寫摘要3.2摘要Abst102)寫作注意事項語態(tài)“大詞”不用縮略語時態(tài)大量固定搭配名詞表動作詞匯特點開頭句型連貫句型常用句型比較句型結論句型2)寫作注意事項11語態(tài)人們說。。。Itissaidthat…我們發(fā)現(xiàn)。。。Itwasfoundthat…大家認為。。。Itisconsidered…

被動語態(tài)為主語態(tài)12例：針對片上網絡映射問題，提出一種新的映射算法。Anewmappingalgorithmisproposed,aimingatthemappingproblemofnetwork-on-chip.Thispaperproposesanewmappingalgorithm,aimingat…漢語無主句英語應以被動語態(tài)表達，或考慮thispaper為主語。

例：針對片上網絡映射問題，提出一種新的映射算法。13例：首先回顧了光纖通信的歷史，綜述了光纖通信的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，接著介紹了密集波分復用的若干使能技術，最后對40Gb／s系統(tǒng)的若干關鍵技術進行了評述。Thispaperbeginswithanintroductiontothecurrentstatusofopticalfibercommunication,followedbyapresentationofsomeenablingtechnologiesofdensewavelengthdivisionmultiplexing(DWDM)andconcludeswithacommentonsomekeytechnologiesforthe40Gb/ssystem.

…beginswith…,followedby…andconcludeswith…例：首先回顧了光纖通信的歷史，綜述了光纖通信的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，接著14時態(tài)No.1一般現(xiàn)在時No.2一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時例：本文討論了。。。介紹了。。。Thispaperdiscussed…,introduced...Thispaperdiscusses…,introduces…雖然“了”，仍是時態(tài)15例：先前的研究表明。。。Previousresearchshowedthat…Previousresearchhasshownthat…說明論題的發(fā)展背景和研究趨勢,“現(xiàn)在完成時”表示持續(xù)到撰寫論文時的行文或狀態(tài)例：先前的研究表明。。。16about→get→tell→enough→cheap→buy→understand→say→approximatelyobtaininformsufficientinexpensive/cost-effectivepurchaseappreciatestate詞匯特點1BigWordsabout→approximatelyobtaininfo17

change→important→end→ask→use→finally→care→similar→varyvital/significantterminateinquireutilize/employ/adopt/applyeventuallycautionidenticalvaryvital/signifi18cann’t→cannotlab→laboratoryProf.→professorad→advertisement詞匯特點2NoShortTermscann’t→cannot詞匯特點219動詞與名詞做一分析[比較；研究]

makeananalysis[acomparison;astudy]做一介紹[描述；說明]

giveanintroduction[adescription;anexplanation]詞匯特點3SetCollocations動詞與名詞詞匯20

動詞與名詞提高質量

improvethequality提高效率

raise[increase]theefficiency提高能力

increasetheability提高認識

deepentheunderstanding動詞與21

名詞與介詞Makeastudyof/Doaresearchon(into)Makeananalysisof/GiveanintroductiontoForthispurpose/TothisendBythismethod/InthiswayThemethodfor/Thewayofthecurrentthrough/thevoltageacrossBeabletodo/becapableofdoingBedifferentfrom/thedifferencebetween…and…Bedependenton/Beindependentof名22

nounofAprepositionBTheadvantageofA____BTheratioofA____BThedistanceofA____BThesuperiorityofA____BTheeffectofA____BovertofromtoonnounofAprepo23thepassageofA________B

thedepartureofA____B

thereactionofA____B

theinteractionofA____B

thedependenceofA_____B

throughfromtowithonthepassageofA________Bth24Translatethefollowingphrases:休息一會兒看一下放松放松詞匯特點4TendtousenounsTranslatethefollowingphrase25例：本文說明了一種簡單的傳輸過程。Thispaperillustratesasimpletransmissionprocess.Thispaperprovidesanillustrationofasimpletransmissionprocess.例：本文說明了一種簡單的傳輸過程。26句型基本要求：1）謂語動詞簡單，句子其他成分復雜2）大量使用be（陳述定義）和have（敘述事物特征）3）使用不提及人的陳述句句型27摘要開頭句型Thispaperdealswith/discusses/studies/presents/gives/proposes…（或者用被動語態(tài)）Thisstudyinvestigates…Thisresearchshows…摘要開頭句型28例：本文對計算機原理作了簡要介紹，重點放在軟件開發(fā)上。Abriefintroductiontotheprincipleofcomputersisgivenwithemphasisonthedevelopmentofsoftware.Thispapergivesabriefintroductionto…,withemphasison…“本文討論了…其重點放在…”句型：Thispaperdiscusses…withemphasison…例：本文對計算機原理作了簡要介紹，重點放在軟件開發(fā)上。29摘要連貫句型本文首先。。。接著。。。最后總結。。。Thispaperbeginswith…,followedby…andconcludeswith…注意銜接詞的使用摘要連貫句型30例：首先介紹了用等效傳輸線法解析求解孔縫屏蔽效能的原理，同時在此基礎上提出了求解金屬接縫屏蔽效能的方法，然后通過算例驗證了該方法的有效性，最后給出了該方法在實際中的應用。Thepaperfirstintroducestheanalyticalformulationfortheshieldingeffectivenessofenclosureswithaperture,andputsforwardamethodforsolvingshieldingeffectivenessofmetal-to-metalcontactseam.Thenitvalidatesthemethodbyanexampleandfinallypresentsitsapplication.例：首先介紹了用等效傳輸線法解析求解孔縫屏蔽效能的原理，同時31摘要比較句型Acomparisonof…with…ismade.…h(huán)asadvantagesover……incomparisonwith…摘要比較句型32摘要結論句型Itcanbeconcludedthat…Insummingup,itmaybestatedthat…Theexperimentresultsindicatethat…Theresearchsuggeststhat…Theinvestigationhasrevealedthat…Thefindingsoftheresearchhaveledtheauthortoaconclusionthat…Finally,asummaryisgivenof…摘要結論句型333)關鍵詞Keywords反映文章主題3—8words按字母次序排列如正文有縮寫形式，在該詞后附上其縮寫式Keywords:EnvironmentalMonitoringSystem,GeneticAnnealing,Network-on-Chip(NoC),Real-timeDataAcquisition3)關鍵詞Keywor343.3引言Introduction(1)引言不應重復摘要或解釋摘要(2)解釋或定義專門術語或縮寫詞(3)給自己的研究一個恰如其分的評價(4)避免語言過于俗套3.3引言Introduct35引言寫作句型背景寫作句型Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagreatinterestin…Itisnoteworthythat…h(huán)asmadeprogress…Inmoststudiesof…,…h(huán)asbeenemphasizedwithattentionbeinggivento…Severalresearchershavetheoreticallyinvestigated…引言寫作句型36提出問題時Littleliteratureisavailableon……poseaproblemofconsiderableinterestinmanyindustrialapplications.提出問題時37主題寫作句型Itisimportanttostudy…Inthispaper,…isdiscussed(studied,presented,investigated,described,etc.)Theprimarygoalofthisresearchis…Thepurposeofthispaper(study,thesis,etc.)is…Theemphasisofthispaperistosurvey…Thepresentstudyisthereforefocusedon…Thispaperreportson…Thepresentworkdealsmainlywith…主題寫作句型383.4正文Body1)段落主題能說明段落中心思想的內容能體現(xiàn)中心思想使用簡潔明了的句子主題句的位置可以在開頭，中間，結尾