厄舍古屋的倒塌課件

“TheFallofthe HouseofUsher”EdgarAllanPoe1839 “TheFallofthe House1“TheFalloftheHouseofUsher”ThegothiccontextofthetaleThedoublingmotifofthetaleThefunctionofsettinginthetaleThestructuralunityofthetale“TheFalloftheHouseofUshe2TheGothicliterarytraditionBegunineighteenthcenturyEnglandNovelistsHoraceWalpoleAnnRadcliffeMatthew“Monk”LewisPopularforminBritishliteraryjournalsImportedintoAmericanshortstory-19thcenturyKeyingredientwassensationalismTheGothicliterarytraditionB3GothicArchitectureinAmericaStartedinUSabout1840SteeplypitchedroofsPointedarchwindowsElaboratetrimaroundroofedgesHighdormersLancetwindowsGothicArchitectureinAmeric4Poe’s“houseofUsher”looksmorelikeamedievalcastleorEnglishcathedralinGothicstylePoe’s“houseofUsher”looksm5Thehousemightlooksomethinglikethis(fromaphotographbySimonMarsdeninhisVisionsofPoe)Thehousemightlooksomething6ElementsofGothicWritingEmphasisonsettingExterior:landscapeInterior:housesCastle-likearchitectureCharactersarebrooding,secretiveBuriedfamilysecretsLonghistoryoffamilytiedtoplaceElementsofGothicWritingEmph7TheDoublingMotifInliterarycriticism,thisiscalleda“doppelganger,”fromtheGermanfor“double-goer”Examplesare:Dr.JekyllandMr.Hyde(RobertLouisStevenson)TheSecretSharer(JosephConrad)TheDoublingMotifInliterary8Whatfunctiondoesthedoppelgangermotifserve?RepresentsthedualnatureofmanInPoe,onesideofmanisreason,orthemindTheotherisemotion,orthebodyRoderickandMadeleinearegeneticallytwins,butpsychologicallytheyarealsodoubles.Whatfunctiondoesthedoppelg9WhoRepresentsWhat?RoderickAnartistfigure(509)Nervousagitation(509)Livesindarkupstairsapartment(511)Cadaverouscomplexion(511)“wantofmoralenergy”(511)“excessivenervousagitation”(511-12)WhoRepresentsWhat?Roderick10Roderick’smentalconditionisaffectedbyhisenvironment“Hewasenchantedbycertainsuperstitiousimpressionsinregardtothedwellingwhichhetenanted...Aneffectwhichthephysiqueofthegraywallsandturrets,andofthedimtarnintowhichtheyalllookeddown,had,atlength,broughtaboutuponthemoraleofhisexistence.”(512)Roderick’smentalconditionis11Here,“physique”referstosomethingphysicalAnd“morale”referstosomethingmentalRoderickisallmindinaweakbodyHerepresentsinonewaythelifeoftheisolatedartistPaintingsReadingGuitarplayingHere,“physique”referstosom12MadeleineIllnesshasdebilitatedherAlldescriptionsfocusonthebody“gradualwastingawayoftheperson”(513)Roderickandthenarratorscrewdownthelidofhercoffin(518)Shereturnsfromthetombtoreclaimhertwinbrother,her“double”“thehugeantiquepanels…threwback”(521)She“fellheavilyinwardupon…h(huán)erbrotherand…borehimtotheflooracorpse”Madeleine13WhatisPoe’spoint?PoeaddressesthedualandconflictednatureoftheSelfMindandbodyareatwarwitheachotherineachofusWetrytorepressonesideandlivewithoutitButwecannotachieveaharmoniousexistenceinthiswayWhatisPoe’spoint?Poeaddres14TheFunctionofSetting-ExteriorThe“houseofUsher”hastwomeaningsThephysicaldwellingThefamilyline,orlineage“theentirefamilylayinthedirectlineofdescent”TheFunctionofSetting-Exte15ThehouseisalsoatypeofcharacterinthestoryLikethefamily,itisof“anexcessiveantiquity”(510)ThelandscapeisovergrownandraggedOnthefrontdownthemiddleis“abarelyperceptiblefissure”goingin“azigzagdirection”(510)Thehouseisalsoatypeofch16InteriorSettingGothicarchitecture(511)“windowswerelong,narrowandpointed”“feeblegleamsofencrimsonedlight”“darkdraperies”“atmosphereofsorrow”Rodericklivesupstairs(mind)Madeleineisentombedbelowground(body)InteriorSettingGothicarchite17StructureandUnityPoecreatestextswithintexts“TheHauntedPalace”(poem)reflectstheUsherfamilylifeinthehouse(515)“TheMadTrist”(story)parallelsMadeleine’sreturnfromthegraveThestormoutsideisanalogoustotheturmoilinsidethecharactersinthehouseThebooktitlesinRoderick’slibraryaresymbolicofthethemesofthestoryStructureandUnityPoecreates18Roderick’sLibrary“theChiromancyofRobertFlud,ofJeanD’Indagine”“theDirectoriumInquisitorum”“oldAfricanSatyrs,overwhichUsherwouldsitdreamingforhours”(516-17)Roderick’sLibrary“theChiroma19Poe’sTheoryofLiteraryUnityPoeearnedhislivingasa“magazinist,”notafictionwriter.Hewasaneditorandreviewerformanymajormagazines.Poewroteagreatdealofliterarycriticism,literarytheory,andbookreviews.HistheoryofliteraryunitywasarticulatedinareviewofHawthorne’scollectionofstories,Twice-ToldTalesin1842Poe’sTheoryofLiteraryUnity20Anauthorshould“conceive,withdeliberatecare,acertainuniqueorsingleeffecttobewroughtout,[and]theninventsuch…eventsasmaybestaidhiminestablishingthispreconceivedeffect.Inthewholecompositionthereshouldbenowordwritten,ofwhichthetendency,directorindirect,isnottotheonepre-establisheddesign.Anauthorshould“conceive,wi21Unityin“FalloftheHouseofUsher”F