全國通用高考英語大一輪復習Unit5Meetingyourancestors講義新人教選修805061116

PAGEPAGE6內部文件，版權追溯內部文件，版權追溯Unit5Meetingyourancestors重點單詞1.alternativen．可能的選擇adj.供選擇的；其他的2．tentativeadj.試探性的；不確定的3．acuteadj.有觀察力的；敏銳的；嚴重的4．regardlessadv.不管；不顧5．primitiveadj.原始的；遠古的；簡陋的6．categoryn．種類；類別；范疇7．somehowadv.以……方式；不知怎么地8．systematicadj.有系統(tǒng)的；有計劃的；有條理的9．spitvt.吐出(唾液、食物等)vi.吐痰10．deletevt.刪；刪除11．applaudvi.&vt.鼓掌歡迎；贊賞12．arrestvt.逮捕；吸引n．逮捕；拘留13．dizzyadj.暈眩的；昏亂的；使人發(fā)暈或困惑的14．accuracyn．精確；準確→accurateadj.精確的；準確的→accuratelyadv.準確地；精確地15．interruptvt.&vi.打斷……講話；打岔；暫時中斷或中止→interruptionn．中斷；干擾16．assumevt.假定；設想→assumptionn．假定；設想→assumingprep.假設17．sharpenvi.&vt.(使)鋒利；尖銳；清晰→sharpadj.鋒利的；尖銳的→sharpenern．磨具；削具18．ampleadj.足夠的；充足的；富裕的→abundant，adequate(近義詞)19．messyadj.凌亂的；臟的→messn．凌亂；臟20．analysisn．分析→analyses(pl.)→analyse/analyzevt.分析21．ripenvt.&vi.使……成熟→ripeadj.熟的；成熟的22．significancen．意義；意思；重要性；重要意義→significantadj.有意義的；重要的23．radioactiveadj.放射性的；有輻射能的→radioactivityn．放射性24．acceleratevi.&vt.加速；促進→accelerationn．加速度25．gayadj.快樂的；歡快的→gailyadv.快樂地；輕松地26．skil(l)fuladj.有技巧的；熟練的→skilln．技能；技巧27．identifyvt.確認；識別；鑒別→identificationn．辨認；鑒定28．divisionn．分割；劃分；分配；分界線→dividev．分割；劃分；分配重點短語1.regardless_of不管；不顧2.at_most至多；最多3．cut_up切碎4.fed_up_with受夠了；飽受；厭煩5．look_ahead向前看；為將來打算6.date_back追溯到……重點句型1.ifonly引導的虛擬混合句Ifonlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear!(教材P43)2．“had＋過去分詞．..when...”表示“剛剛……這時……”Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhenadelicioussmellarrestedherprogressandshestopped.(教材P43)3．onlytodo...在句中作結果狀語，強調意想不到的或令人失望的結果，意思是“結果卻……”Abruptlyshesatdown,onlytobescoopedupbyherlaughing,shoutingsister,Luna.(教材P43)語法要點1.復習動詞時態(tài)2．學習現(xiàn)在完成進行時We'vebeenexcavatinghereformanyyearsand...(教材P38)1alternativeadj.供選擇的；其他的n．可能的選擇；選擇對象Canyouthinkofthealternativeswewouldusetoday？(教材P37)你能想到我們今天使用的替代品嗎？(1)alternativeenergy可替代能源(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(analternativeto……的替代品,havenoalternativebuttodosth別無選擇只好做某事))(3)alternativelyadv.可供選擇地②Regardlessofwhetherheisrightorwrong,wehavetofollowhisdecisions.不論他是對還是錯，我們不得不遵從他的決定。③Herefusedtodiscloseanyinformationregarding(regard)theman'swhereabouts.他拒絕透露任何關于那個男人下落的消息?！咎崾尽?1)regardlessof強調“不認為……重要，從而不加以重視或考慮”，而despite和inspiteof有“盡管……(某客觀事實或已發(fā)生某事)”之意。(2)regardlessof后可接whether,what引導的從句，而despite和inspiteof后一般不接從句。2datebackto(＝datefrom)追溯到……AlltheobjectsarefromthesameexcavationsiteinSanxingduiandcanbedatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.(教材P44)所有物品都來自于三星堆遺址，它們能追溯到3000至5000年前。datebackto(＝datefrom)追溯到……(后接表過去的時間)dateback追溯到；始于(后接一段時間，無被動語態(tài)，作謂語常用一般現(xiàn)在時)outofdate過時的；陳舊的uptodate最近的；新式的；現(xiàn)代的set/fixadatefor約定……的日期①Myinterestinstampcollectingdatesbacktomyschooldays.我從學生時代就開始愛好集郵。②Accordingtotheexpert,thetemplehasahistorydating(date)from/backtotheearlyTangDynasty.那位專家說這座寺廟歷史悠久，可追溯到初唐時期?！咎崾尽縟atebackto和datefrom一般不用于進行時態(tài)，作后置定語時，常用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。ifonly引導的虛擬混合句Ifonlyitcouldbejustlikelastyear!(教材P43)要是能跟去年那樣就好了！【句式點撥】ifonly用來表達愿望，意為“但愿……，要是……就好了”，句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(1ifonly...could/would/might＋do...表示與將來事實相反,的愿望不用should。,2ifonly...did...表示與目前或現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望。,3ifonly...haddone...表示與過去事實相反的愿望。))①Constantquarrelsbetweenmyparentsaredrivingmecrazy.IfonlyIhad(have)awarmandharmoniousfamily.父母不停地爭吵快把我逼瘋了，要是我有一個溫暖和睦的家就好了。②Asmanyas150minersdiedintheaccident.Ifonlythemineownershad_paid(pay)enoughattentiontothesafetymeasures!多達150名礦工在那次事故中喪生，要是礦主足夠關注安全措施就好了！【比較網站】onlyif由副詞only和從屬連詞if構成，only僅起強調作用，意為“只要；只有”，位于句首時，主句部分倒裝。③OnlyifyoupromisenottoinviteMarywillIcome.只要你答應不邀請瑪麗，我就來。④OnlyifyoudoasItoldyoucanyousucceed.你只有按照我說的去做，你才能成功。Ⅰ.品句填詞(用所給詞的適當形式或根據(jù)語境寫一個合適的詞)1．Inordertosucceed,wehavenoalternativebutto_face(face)failurebravelyandlearnfromit.2．HeavysmogandfogcontinuedtohitmanypartsofeastandnorthChinaonThursday,causingtrafficinterruptions(interrupt)．3．Don'tassumethatyouareaprincessanymoreandstoplivinginassumption(s)(assume)．4．Atfirstheinsistedontheaccuracy(accurate)ofhisaccount,however,heagreedwithwhatIsaid.5．Hehurriedtothetheatre,onlyto_be_told(tell)thattheticketshadbeensoldout.6．RightnowthenewpolicyinNewYorkis_being_applauded(applaud)bycivilrightsadvocateswhosayitwillreducediscriminationagainstblackandLatinoyouth.7．Itneedsnosayingthatthismeetingisofgreatsignificance,asitservesasalinkbetweenthepastandthepresent.8．Ifonlyyouhad_been(be)morecareful!Thetrafficaccidentcouldhavebeenavoided.9．Thelibrariansactivelycollectedthebooksoftheworld,accelerating(accelerate)thespreadofknowledge.10．Thenewmethodcaughtonandmanypeasantsbecameveryskillful(skill)atit.Ⅱ.單句改錯(含本單元的詞匯和語法)1．Weshallhavenoalternativebuteq\o(∧,\s\do12(to))referthemattertoourlawyer.2．Regardlesseq\o(∧,\s\do12(of))whatyouthinkabouthimpersonally,hispolicieshavebeenshowntobeeffective.3．Thecarrotshouldbecuteq\o(down,\s\do12(up))intosmallpiecesbeforeyouputthemintotheboilingwater.4．It'sbelievedthattheseplantfossilseq\o(dated,\s\do12(date))backtotheageofthedinosaurs.5．Theadvertisersshouldmakeapointofthequalityofprogramsinsteadofcommercialprofit,preventingtheaudiencefromeq\o(∧,\s\do12(being/getting))fedupwiththeexceedingadvertisements.6．Shehadalmostreachedherdestinationwhensomethingeq\o(arrest,\s\do12(arrested))herattention.7．Ifonlysheeq\o(hasn't,\s\do12(hadn't))toldDavidaboutthat,everythingwouldhavebeenallright.8.eq\o(Which,\s\do12(As))isannouncedintoday'spaper,theyhavesucceededinsolvingmanyproblemswiththenewtheory.9．WhenDonpaidabriefvisittomeyesterdayafternoon,Ieq\o(have,\s\do12(had))beenwritingafilmreviewforhours.10.eq\o(Assumed,\s\do12(Assume/Assuming))thatyouarechosentobeavolunteerattheOlympicGames,whatwillyoudo?Ⅲ.課文語法填空AgroupofstudentsfromEnglandhascometoZhoukoudiancavesforavisit.1.Anarchaeologistisshowingthemaround.Thearchaeologists2.have_been_excavating(excavate)hereformanyyears.Afterfindinghumanandanimalbones3.inthosecaveshigherupthehillaswellastoolsandornaments,theythink4.itisreasonabletoassumetheylivedinthesecaves,regardless5.ofthecold.Theydiscoveredfireplacesinthecenterofthecaves6.wheretheymadefires.Someevidencesuggeststhatourancestorsdidwearclothes7.made(make)fromanimalskins.Thearchaeologistalsoshowsthestudentsaprimitivenecklace8.preserved(preserve)verywell.Indeed,asthebotanicalanalyseshave9.specially(special)shownus,allthefieldsaroundhereusedtobepartofalargeshallowlake.Perhapstherewastradebetweenearlypeoples10.ortheytraveledtotheseasideontheirjourneys.Ⅰ.閱讀理解AHowDidtheAncientChineseKeepFoodWarminWinter?Facilitieslikeelectricricecookers,microwaves,andelectrickettles,makeiteasyforpeopletokeepfoodwarmandenjoyacomfortablewinter.SohowdidChinesepeopleinancienttimeskeepfoodwarminwinterwithoutthese?Infact,ancientChinesepeopleusedtheirownmethodsofheatpreservationasearlyastheShangandZhoudynasties.●“WenDing”，ancientricecookerOneofthemajorfunctionsofanelectricricecookeristokeepfoodwarm.The“WenDing”，anancientcookingcontainer,servedthesamepurpose,butinsteadofusingelectricenergy,theancientcookingcontainerpreservedheatbyburningfuelslikecharcoal.The“WenDing”unearthedinNanjingin1989isthoughttobetheoldestofitskinddiscoveredinChina,datingbacktotheStoneAge.Thecraftsmanshipofmakingthe“WenDing”wasdevelopedintheBronzeAge.ThebronzeDingfromShangandZhoudynastiestookondifferentshapesandstructures.●“RanLu”，ancientsmallhotpotThe“RanLu”isasmallsizecookingvessel(器皿)madeofbronze,whichcanbedividedintothreeparts.Acharcoalstoveformsthemainstructure,withabottomtraytoholdcharcoalashes,andamovablecupatthetop.Someexpertshaveconcludedthatthevessel'sstructuresuggestsitmayhavebeenusedasasmallhotpotandthatthesevesselsbecamepopularintheWarringStatesPeriod(475～221BC)．●BronzeYou,ancientkettleTheBronzeYouwasoneofthemostcommonwinecontainersduringtheShangandZhoudynasties.TheBronzeYoucanalsobeusedtowarmwine.Forexample,theBronzeYouwithbeastmaskdesign,unearthedinJiangxiProvince,hasanopeningwherecharcoalcouldbeplaced.Justaspeopletodaycan'tdowithoutanelectrickettle,theBronzeYouallowedpeopletoenjoyahotdrink.●BronzeYan,ancientsteamerAlthoughthe“WenDing”waseffectiveatkeepingfoodwarm,theancientChinesepeoplelaterfoundthatitsburningprocessproducedpollution.Asaresult,theBronzeYanwasmadewithatwo–tierstructureandusedtosteamriceandothergrains.AftertheEasternHanDynasty(25AD～220AD),furtherimprovementstotheBronzeYanledtothemodern–daysteamer.語篇導讀本文為說明文，介紹了中國古代用來保溫食物的四種器皿。1．Whendidthe“RanLu”becomepopular?A．IntheZhouDynasty.B．IntheWarringStatesPeriod.C．IntheEasternHanDynasty.D．IntheStoneAge.解析B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關鍵詞RanLu可定位至原文“RanLu”，ancientsmallhotpot部分，根據(jù)該部分最后一句．..becamepopularintheWarringStatesPeriod(475～221BC)可知，染爐在戰(zhàn)國時期非常受歡迎，故選B項。2．TheBronzeYou,unearthedinJiangxiProvince,hasanopeningto________.A．storewine B．pourwaterC．placecharcoal D．holdcharcoalashes解析C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BronzeYou,ancientkettle部分的第三句可知，銅卣有一個可放置木炭的開口，故選C項。3．WhatistheuniqueadvantageoftheBronzeYan?A．Itiswarm. B．Itisconvenient.C．Itisenvironment–friendly. D．Itisuseful.解析C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BronzeYan,ancientsteamer部分中的第一、二句可知，銅甗的優(yōu)點是更為環(huán)保，故選C項。4．Amongthefollowingproducts,whichonemayhavethelongesthistory?A．The“WenDing”. B．The“RanLu”．C．TheBronzeYou. D．TheBronzeYan.解析A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“WenDing”，ancientricecooker部分第二段第一句可知，溫鼎的歷史最為悠久，故選A項。B“HeaveniswherethepoliceareEnglish,thecooksareFrench,themechanicsareGerman,theloversareItalianandeverythingisorganizedbytheSwiss.HelliswherethepoliceareGerman,thecooksareEnglish,themechanicsareFrench,theloversareSwiss,andeverythingisorganizedbytheItalians.”O(jiān)bviouslythenationalstereotypes(模式化的思想)inthisoldjokearegeneralizations,butsuchstereotypesareoftensaidto“existforareason”.Isthereactuallyasliveroftruthinthem?Notlikely,aninternationalresearchteamnowsays.“Nationalandculturalstereotypesdoplayanimportantroleinhowpeopleseethemselvesandothers,andbeingawarethatthesearenotdependableisausefulthing，”saidstudyauthorRobertMcCraeoftheNationalInstituteonAging.“Theseareinfactunfoundedstereotypes.Theydon'tcomefromlookingaroundyou，”McCraesaid.Ifnationalstereotypesaren'trootedinrealexperiences,thenwheredotheycomefrom?Onepossibilityisthattheyreflectnationalvalues,whichmaybecomeknownfromhistoricalevents.Forexample,manyhistorianshavearguedthatthespiritofAmericanindividualismhasitsoriginsintheexperiencesofthepioneersontheOldWest.SocialscientistssuchaspsychologistRichardRobinshavegivenseveralotherpossibleexplanationsforstereotypesandwhytheymaybeincorrect.Robinsnotesthatsomestereotypesmayhavebeencorrectatonepointinhistoryandthenremainedunchangedwhiletheculturechanged.Wemaybe“hard–wired”，tosomedegree,tokeepincorrectstereotypes,sincewearelesslikelytonoticeandrememberinformationthatisdifferentfromourstereotypes.Generally,accordingtoRobins,whenwemeetpeoplewhoaredifferentfromourstereotypes,weseethemasuniqueindividualsratherthantypicalnationalorculturalgroups.語篇導讀本文為議論文。國民刻板印象是明顯存在的，例如英國的警察是最好的，法國的廚師是最好的，德國的機器是最好的，意大利人是浪漫的，瑞士人是最有秩序的……這些模式化思想的存在都是有原因的，然而這些真的是事實嗎？5．Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopicofnationalstereotypes.B．Tomakeacomparisonbetweenthecharactersofdifferentcountries.C．Toexemplifytheargumentagainststereotyping.D．Toanalyzethestrengthsandweaknessesofpeopleindifferentcountries.解析A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句中的oldjoke指代的就是第一段的內容可知，第一段中展示的一些關于英國、法國、德國、意大利和瑞士的國民刻板印象，是為了引出nationalstereotypes這個主題，故選A項。6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMcCrae'sattitudetowardsnationalstereotypes?A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Uncertain.解析C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知，麥凱里對nationalstereotypes并不是完全贊同且認為它不是那么可靠。supportive支持的；indifferent不關心的，中立的；critical批判的；uncertain不確定的，故選C項。7．Accordingtosocialscientists,whyaren'tnationalstereotypesalwayscorrect?A．Becausetheyareformedbyindividualhistorians.B．Becausepeopletendtohavefalseideaaboutothercultures.C．Becausegeneralizationsaremadethroughpersonalexperience.D．Becausewhatwastrueinthepastmaynotbetrueatpresent.解析D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句可知，一些刻板印象可能在某一歷史節(jié)點上是正確的，但是后來這些刻板印象沒有改變，文化習俗卻改變了，故選D項。8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hard–wired”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Forgetful. B．Fixed.C．Anxious. D．Helpless.解析B詞義猜測題。末段首句句意：我們在某一程度上固化地保持著一些錯誤的刻板印象，因為我們很少去注意那些和我們刻板印象不一樣的信息。forgetful健忘的，疏忽的；hard–wired固有的，根深蒂固的；fixed固定的；anxious焦慮的，擔憂的；helpless無助的，故選B項。Ⅱ.語法填空TherearetwoleadersinthecalligraphytrendduringtheTangdynasty,ChuSuiliang1.andYanZhenqing.IntheearlyyearsoftheTangdynasty,therewerefourfamouscalligraphers:OuyangXun,YuShinan,ChuSuiliangandXueJi,2.inorderoftheirages.ChuSuiliang(596～658)wasonceanofficialoftheimperialcourt,andwrotethedraftdeclaration3.made(make)byEmperorTaizongwhenheabdicatedinfavorofhisson.Whenthenewemperor,Gaozong,marriedWuZetian,oneofhisfather'sconcubines,Chuprotested,andwasexiledfromthecapital.ChustudiedthecalligraphicstylesofOuyangXunandWangXizhi,andtheofficialscriptwhichwasdominantintheHandynasty.Hecombinedalltheseintoanewtypeofscript,4.abandoning(abandon)the“silkworm'shead”and“wildgoose'stail”.Hiscalligraphicstyleunderwentthreemajor5.changes(change).ThePrefacetoTripitakawasoneofhismasterpieces.Writtenintheregularscript,thecharacterswerethinandsmooth,but6.powerful(power).Itbecamefashionabletocopyhishandwriting,andhehimself7.waspraised(praise)asacalligraphymasteroftheTangdynasty.YanZhenqing(708～784)wasbornintoanoblefamily.Hisgrandfatherandfather'sunclewerecalligraphers,andthishadapositiveeffectonhim.Yanpassed8.thehighestimperialexaminationandbecameanofficialforatime.Hispowerfulandvigoroushandwritingintheregularorrunningscriptreflectshisloftymoralcharacter.Atfirst,YancopiedChu'sstyle,andlaterWangXizhi's.Hefinallydevelopedapowerful,fantasticandbeautifulstyle,9.whichwasinharmonywiththeflourishingcultureofthepowerfulTangdynasty.Hisstylehasbeen10.enthusiastically(enthusiastic)followedbylatergenerations.語篇導讀本文為記敘文。唐朝書法由兩種趨勢主導：一是以褚遂良為代表，他長期研習歐陽詢、王羲之，以及漢隸書等諸家，而自成體系；一是以顏真卿為代表，他研習褚遂良、王羲之，是繼王羲之之后成就最高、影響最大的書法家。1．and解析考查連詞。根據(jù)句首的關鍵信息Therearetwoleaders...判斷，此處的ChuSuiliang和YanZhenqing是邏輯上的并列關系。2．in解析考查介詞。inorderof按……順序。3．made解析考查非謂語動詞。該句中有并列謂語was和wrote，故此處應該用非謂語動詞；又因為thedraftdeclaration與make是動賓關系，故用過去分詞短語作后置定語。4．abandoning解析考查非謂語動詞。該句有謂語動詞combined，故此空用非謂語動詞；又根據(jù)句子的主語He與abandon是主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。5．changes解析考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的threemajor可知，此處的名詞用復數(shù)形式。6．powerful解析考查詞性轉換。根據(jù)上文的形容詞thin和smooth可知，表示轉折關系的并列連詞but之后仍是形容詞。7．waspraised解析考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。he是主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)；主語he與動詞praise是動賓關系，又根據(jù)theTangdynasty可知，此空填一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。8．the解析考查冠詞。形容詞最高級前用定冠詞。9．which解析考查連詞。此空用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句，指代上文的apowerful,fantasticandbeautifulstyle。10．enthusiastically解析考查詞性轉換。副詞修飾謂語動詞。Ⅲ.短文改錯Onecoldeveningduringtheholidayseason,alittleboyaboutsixorsevenwasstandingoutinthe①frontofastorewindow.Thelittlechildeq\f(has,had)②noshoesandhisclotheseq\f(was,were)③justinrags.Ayoungwomaneq\f(passes,passing)④bysawthelittleboyandcouldread