gre寫作題庫argument智課網(wǎng)

GREPoolofArgumentThispagecontainstheArgumenttopicsfortheAnalyticalWritingsectionoftheGRE?revisedGeneralTest.Whenyoutakethetest,youwillbepresentedwithoneArgumenttopicfromthisEachArgumenttopicconsistsofapassagethatpresentsanargumentfollowedbyspecifictaskinstructionsthattellyouhowtoanalyzetheargument.Thewordingofsometopicsinthetestmightvaryslightlyfromwhatispresentedhere.Also,becausetheremaybemultipleversionsofsometopicswithsimilaroridenticalwordingbutwithdifferenttaskinstructions,itisveryimportanttoreadyourtesttopicanditsspecifictaskdirectionscarefullyandrespondtothewordingasitappearsintheactualtest.WovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyintheimmediatevicinityoftheprehistoricvillageofPaleaandthereforewerebelievedtohavebeenmadeonlybythePaleanpeople.Recently,however,archaeologistsdiscoveredsucha"Palean"basketinLithos,anancientvillageacrosstheBrimRiverfromPalea.TheBrimRiverisverydeepandbroad,andsotheancientPaleanscouldhavecrosseditonlybyboat,andnoPaleanboatshavebeenfound.Thusitfollowsthattheso-calledPaleanbasketswerenotuniquelyPalean.一種具有獨特花紋的編織籃子以前只在史前村莊Palea的臨近地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)過，因而被認為是PaleaPaleaBrim的河流的村莊LithosPalea籃子。BrimPalea人只能坐船穿過它，但沒有證據(jù)表明Palea人擁有船只。這表明這種所謂的Palea籃子不是Palea村的人所獨有的。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.Thefollowingappearedaspartofalettertotheeditorofascientific"Arecentstudyofeighteenrhesusmonkeysprovidescluesastotheeffectsofbirthorderonanindividual'slevelsofstimulation.Thestudyshowedthatinstimulatingsituations(suchasanencounterwithanunfamiliarmonkey),firstborninfantmonkeysproduceuptotwiceasmuchofthehormonecortisol,whichprimesthebodyforincreasedactivitylevels,asdotheiryoungersiblings.Firstbornhumansalsoproducerelativelyhighlevelsofcortisolinstimulatingsituations(suchasthereturnofaparentafteranabsence)Thestudyalsofoundthatduringpregnancy,first-timemothermonkeyshadhigherlevelsofcortisolthandidthosewhohadhadseveraloffspring."18只獼猴做的調(diào)查為研究出生順序?qū)€體刺激水平的作用提供了線索。這項調(diào)查顯示在收到刺激的情況下（比如說遇到另外一只陌生的猴子），第一個出生的幼猴產(chǎn)生的hormonecortisol是他們的弟弟妹妹的兩倍。hormonecortisol是一種能夠刺激身體活動水平的物質(zhì)。第一個出生的人在收到刺激的情況下也會產(chǎn)生相當高的cortisol，比如說當家長離開一cortisol水平更高。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussoneormorealternativeexplanationsthatcouldrivaltheproposedexplanationandexplainhowyourexplanation(s)canplausiblyaccountforthefactspresentedintheargument.ThefollowingappearedasalettertotheeditorfromaCentralPlazastore"Overthepasttwoyears,thenumberofshoppersinCentralPlazahasbeensteadilydecreasingwhilethepopularityofskateboardinghasincreaseddramatically.ManyCentralPlazastoreownersbelievethatthedecreaseintheirbusinessisduetothenumberofskateboardusersintheplaza.Therehasalsobeenadramaticincreaseintheamountoflitterandvandalismthroughouttheplaza.Thus,werecommendthatthecityprohibitskateboardinginCentralPlaza.Ifskateboardingisprohibitedhere,wepredictthatbusinessinCentralPlazawillreturntoitspreviouslyhighlevels."Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.Thefollowingappearedinaletterfromahomeownertoa"Ofthetwoleadingrealestatefirmsinourtown—AdamsRealtyandFitchRealty—AdamsRealtyisclearlysuperior.Adamshas40realestateagents;incontrast,Fitchhas25,manyofwhomworkonlypart-time.Moreover,Adams'revenuelastyearwastwiceashighasthatofFitchandincludedhomesalesthataveraged$168,000,comparedtoFitch's$144,000.HomeslistedwithAdamssellfasteraswell:tenyearsagoIlistedmyhomewithFitch,andittookmorethanfourmonthstosell;lastyear,whenIsoldanotherhome,IlisteditwithAdams,andittookonlyonemonth.Thus,ifyouwanttosellyourhomequicklyandatagoodprice,youshoulduseAdamsRealty."在本市的兩家最大的房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀公司--AdamsRealtyFitchRealty--之中，Adams顯然更優(yōu)秀一些。Adams40Fitch25個，且很多是兼職工作。而且，AdamsFitch的兩倍，其平均房價為$168000Fitch僅為$144000Adams銷售的房屋賣得也更快：十年前，我把我的房產(chǎn)交給Fitch，它用了四個多月才賣出去；去年，我在Adams賣了另一處房產(chǎn)，僅用一個月就售出了。因此，要想讓你的房產(chǎn)賣的更快更好，你應(yīng)該選擇Adams。Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.ThefollowingappearedinalettertotheeditoroftheBalmerIsland"OnBalmerIsland,wheremopedsserveasapopularformoftransportation,thepopulationincreasesto100,000duringthesummermonths.Toreducethenumberofaccidentsinvolvingmopedsandpedestrians,thetowncouncilofBalmerIslandshouldlimitthenumberofmopedsrentedbytheisland'smopedrentalcompaniesfrom50perdayto25perdayduringthesummerseason.Bylimitingthenumberofrentals,thetowncouncilwillattainthe50percentannualreductioninmopedaccidentsthatwasachievedlastyearontheneighboringislandofSeaville,whenSeaville'stowncouncilenforcedsimilarlimitsonmopedrentals."下面這段文字出自寫給BalmerIslandGazette為減少由機動腳踏車和行人引發(fā)的事故，BalmerIsland市委打算在夏季把本島機動腳踏車出租公司的機動腳踏車出租數(shù)量從每天50輛限制到每天25輛。通過限制出租數(shù)量，機動腳踏50%Seaville島采取了類似的措施后就達到了這樣的效果。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.ArcticdeerliveonislandsinCanada'sarcticregions.Theysearchforfoodbymovingovericefromislandtoislandduringthecourseoftheyear.Theirhabitatislimitedtoareaswarmenoughtosustaintheplantsonwhichtheyfeedandcoldenough,atleastsomeoftheyear,fortheicetocovertheseaseparatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.Unfortunately,accordingtoreportsfromlocalhunters,thedeerpopulationsaredeclining.Sincethesereportscoincidewithrecentglobalwarmingtrendsthathavecausedtheseaicetomelt,wecanconcludethatthepurporteddeclineindeerpopulationsistheresultofthedeer'sbeingunabletofollowtheirage-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozensea.Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.ThefollowingisarecommendationfromtheBoardofDirectorsofMonarch"WerecommendthatMonarchBooksopenacaféinitsstore.Monarch,havingbeeninbusinessatthesamelocationformorethantwentyyears,hasalargecustomerbasebecauseitisknownforitswideselectionofbooksonallsubjects.Clearly,openingthecaféwouldattractmorecustomers.Spacecouldbemadeforthecafébydiscontinuingthechildren'sbooksection,whichwillprobablybecomelesspopulargiventhatthemostrecentnationalcensusindicatedasignificantdeclineinthepercentageofthepopulationunderageten.OpeningacaféwillallowMonarchtoattractmorecustomersandbettercompetewithRegalBooks,whichrecentlyopeneditsowncafé."下面是一封來自BoardofDirectorsofMonarchBooks我們建議MonarchBooks在店內(nèi)開一家咖啡館。MonarchBooks在同一地點已經(jīng)經(jīng)營了20年，擁有了龐大的用戶群，因為人們可以廣泛選擇所有科目的書籍。顯然，開一家咖啡館將會吸引10兒童書籍將很有可能變得不那么暢銷。所以應(yīng)該撤銷兒童書籍部分，騰出來的空間用來建咖啡館。建咖啡館將會使Monarch吸引更多的顧客并且更好地與最近剛開了咖啡館的RegalBooks競爭。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationislikelytohavethepredictedresult.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.ThefollowingappearedinamemofromthedirectorofstudenthousingatBuckingham"Toservethehousingneedsofourstudents,BuckinghamCollegeshouldbuildanumberofnewdormitories.Buckingham'senrollmentisgrowingand,basedoncurrenttrends,willdoubleoverthenext50years,thusmakingexistingdormitoryspaceinadequate.Moreover,theaveragerentforanapartmentinourtownhasriseninrecentyears.Consequently,studentswillfinditincreasinglydifficulttoaffordoff-campushousing.Finally,attractivenewdormitorieswouldmakeprospectivestudentsmorelikelytoenrollatBuckingham."下面這段文字出自BuckinghamCollege為滿足我們學(xué)生的住房需求，Buckinham學(xué)院應(yīng)該建造一幢新的宿舍。Buckinham50不能滿足要求。而且，我們鎮(zhèn)上公寓的平均租金在近幾年間上漲了。因此，學(xué)生將會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)難于負擔(dān)校外住宿費用。最后，一幢引人注目的新宿舍將會使未來的學(xué)生更愿意報考。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.Nature'sWay,achainofstoressellinghealthfoodandotherhealth-relatedproducts,isopeningitsnextfranchiseinthetownofPlainsville.Thestoreshouldprovetobeverysuccessful:Nature'sWayfranchisestendtobemostprofitableinareaswhereresidentsleadhealthylives,andclearlyPlainsvilleissuchanarea.Plainsvillemerchantsreportthatsalesofrunningshoesandexerciseclothingareatall-timehighs.Thelocalhealthclubhasmoremembersthanever,andtheweighttrainingandaerobicsclassesarealwaysfull.Finally,Plainsville'sschoolchildrenrepresentanewgenerationofpotentialcustomers:theseschoolchildrenarerequiredtoparticipateinafitness-for-lifeprogram,whichemphasizesthebenefitsofregularexerciseatanearlyage.Nature'sWay，一家經(jīng)營健康食品和其他與健康相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的連鎖商店將在Plainsville鎮(zhèn)開設(shè)下一個特許加盟店。這家店應(yīng)該會很火。Nature'sWay的連鎖店往往在倡導(dǎo)健康生活的地方最為Plainsville正是這樣的地方。Plainsville商人說跑鞋和運動服的銷量處于歷史最高點。當?shù)亟∩砭銟凡勘绕渌魏螘r候有更多的會員，重量訓(xùn)練和健身操課總是爆滿。最后，Plainsville在校學(xué)生是新一代潛在消費者，他們被要求參加一個健康生活的項目，這個項目強Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.Twentyyearsago,Dr.Field,anotedanthropologist,visitedtheislandofTertia.Usinganobservation-centeredapproachtostudyingTertianculture,heconcludedfromhisobservationsthatchildreninTertiawererearedbyanentirevillageratherthanbytheirownbiologicalparents.Recentlyanotheranthropologist,Dr.Karp,visitedthegroupofislandsthatincludesTertiaandusedtheinterview-centeredmethodtostudychild-rearingpractices.IntheinterviewsthatDr.Karpconductedwithchildrenlivinginthisgroupofislands,thechildrenspentmuchmoretimetalkingabouttheirbiologicalparentsthanaboutotheradultsinthevillage.Dr.KarpdecidedthatDr.Field'sconclusionaboutTertianvillageculturemustbeinvalid.SomeanthropologistsrecommendthattoobtainaccurateinformationonTertianchild-rearingpractices,futureresearchonthesubjectshouldbeconductedviatheinterview-centeredmethod.20年前著名人類學(xué)家Field博士訪問了Tertia島，并且用以觀察為中心的研究方法，得出了這樣的結(jié)論：Tertia的兒童是由整個村莊的人撫養(yǎng)大的而不是由他們的雙親。最近，另外一名Dr.KarpTertia島，并用以采訪為中心的方法研究了島上兒童撫養(yǎng)傳統(tǒng)。通過對兒童的采訪發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們談到他們雙親的時間要遠多于談到村莊中其他成年人的時間。Dr.Karp由此認為Dr.Field博士關(guān)于TertiaTertia兒童撫養(yǎng)傳統(tǒng)的準確信息，在將來的研究中應(yīng)該使用以采訪為中心的方法。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.ThecouncilofMapleCounty,concernedaboutthecounty'sbecomingoverdeveloped,isdebatingaproposedmeasurethatwouldpreventthedevelopmentofexistingfarmlandinthecounty.Butthecouncilisalsoconcernedthatsucharestriction,bylimitingthesupplyofnewhousing,couldleadtosignificantincreasesinthepriceofhousinginthecounty.ProponentsofthemeasurenotethatChestnutCountyestablishedasimilarmeasuretenyearsago,anditshousingpriceshaveincreasedonlymodestlysince.However,opponentsofthemeasurenotethatPineCountyadoptedrestrictionsonthedevelopmentofnewresidentialhousingfifteenyearsago,anditshousingpriceshavesincemorethandoubled.Thecouncilcurrentlypredictsthattheproposedmeasure,ifpassed,willresultinasignificantincreaseinhousingpricesinMapleCounty.MapleCounty委員會考慮到本縣正在被過度開發(fā)，正在討論一項議案來阻止對現(xiàn)存農(nóng)田的開發(fā)。但是委員會也考慮到限制新住房供應(yīng)可能會導(dǎo)致本縣住房價格的大幅上漲。支持者說ChestnutCounty十年前采取了這一措施，但它的房價僅有略微上升。但是，反對者說PineCounty15年前對新住房開發(fā)進行了限制，它的房價此后翻了一番。委員會目前預(yù)計此議案如果通過，將會導(dǎo)致MapleCounty房價大幅上漲。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhetherthepredictionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheprediction.Fifteenyearsago,OmegaUniversityimplementedanewprocedurethatencouragedstudentstoevaluatetheteachingeffectivenessofalltheirprofessors.Sincethattime,Omegaprofessorshavebeguntoassignhighergradesintheirclasses,andoverallstudentgradeaveragesatOmegahaverisenby30percent.Potentialemployers,lookingatthisdramaticriseingrades,believethatgradesatOmegaareinflatedanddonotaccuratelyreflectstudentachievement;asaresult,OmegagraduateshavenotbeenassuccessfulatgettingjobsashavegraduatesfromnearbyAlphaUniversity.Toenableitsgraduatestosecurebetterjobs,OmegaUniversityshouldterminatestudentevaluationofprofessors.15年前，Omega大學(xué)實施了一項新措施，鼓勵學(xué)生對所有教授的教學(xué)效果進行評價。從那以后，Omega的教授開始給予學(xué)生更高的分數(shù)，Omega30％。未來的雇主顯然認為Omega的分數(shù)貶值了，不能準確地體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的真實水平；這可以解釋為什么Omega的畢業(yè)生找工作時沒有鄰近的Alpha大學(xué)畢業(yè)生成功。為使畢業(yè)生找到好工作，Omega應(yīng)立即停止學(xué)生對教授的評價。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.Inanattempttoimprovehighwaysafety,PruntyCountylastyearlowereditsspeedlimitfrom55to45milesperhouronallcountyhighways.Butthisefforthasfailed:thenumberofaccidentshasnotdecreased,and,basedonreportsbythehighwaypatrol,manydriversareexceedingthespeedlimit.PruntyCountyshouldinsteadundertakethesamekindofroadimprovementprojectthatButlerCountycompletedfiveyearsago:increasinglanewidths,resurfacingroughhighways,andimprovingvisibilityatdangerousintersections.Today,majorButlerCountyroadsstillhavea55mphspeedlimit,yettherewere25percentfewerreportedaccidentsinButlerCountythispastyearthantherewerefiveyearsago.為提高高速公路的安全性，PruntyCounty55mph降到了45。但我們應(yīng)該回復(fù)到55mph的限速，因為這種保障安全的努力已經(jīng)失敗了。多數(shù)司機都超過了新的限速，而且PruntyCounty全鎮(zhèn)的事故率僅有微量下降。如果我們要提高公路安ButlerCounty5年前完成的同樣的道路改計劃：增加車道寬度和重新鋪裝不平整路面。現(xiàn)在，ButlerCounty55mph限速，而那里近年間上報的事故發(fā)生率比五年前減少了25％。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.Thefollowingappearedaspartofanarticleinabusiness"Arecentstudyrating300maleandfemaleMentianadvertisingexecutivesaccordingtotheaveragenumberofhourstheysleeppernightshowedanassociationbetweentheamountofsleeptheexecutivesneedandthesuccessoftheirfirms.Oftheadvertisingfirmsstudied,thosewhoseexecutivesreportedneedingnomorethan6hoursofsleeppernighthadhigherprofitmarginsandfastergrowth.Theseresultssuggestthatifabusinesswantstoprosper,itshouldhireonlypeoplewhoneedlessthan6hoursofsleeppernight."Mentian300名男女行政官進行研究，根據(jù)他們每晚平均睡眠6小時的行政官的公司利潤更高、成長更快。這些結(jié)Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.ThefollowingmemorandumisfromthebusinessmanagerofHappyPancakeHouse"Recently,butterhasbeenreplacedbymargarineinHappyPancakeHouserestaurantsthroughoutthesouthwesternUnitedStates.Thischange,however,hashadlittleimpactonourcustomers.Infact,onlyabout2percentofcustomershavecomplained,indicatingthatanaverageof98peopleoutof100arehappywiththechange.Furthermore,manyservershavereportedthatanumberofcustomerswhoaskforbutterdonotcomplainwhentheyaregivenmargarineinstead.Clearly,eitherthesecustomersdonotdistinguishbutterfrommargarineortheyusetheterm'butter'torefertoeitherbutterormargarine."最近，HappyPancakeHouse在美國西南部的餐廳用人造黃油代替了天然黃油。然而，這一變2100個人98人對于這種替換是樂于接受的。而且，服務(wù)生說很多要了天然黃油的顧客在被給予人造黃油的時候并沒有投訴。顯然，這些顧客要么分不清天然黃油和人造黃油，要么是用"天然Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussoneormorealternativeexplanationsthatcouldrivaltheproposedexplanationandexplainhowyourexplanation(s)canplausiblyaccountforthefactspresentedintheargument.InsurveysMasonCityresidentsrankwatersports(swimming,boating,andfishing)amongtheirfavoriterecreationalactivities.TheMasonRiverflowingthroughthecityisrarelyusedforthesepursuits,however,andthecityparkdepartmentdevoteslittleofitsbudgettomaintainingriversiderecreationalfacilities.Foryearstherehavebeencomplaintsfromresidentsaboutthequalityoftheriver'swaterandtheriver'ssmell.Inresponse,thestatehasrecentlyannouncedplanstocleanupMasonRiver.Useoftheriverforwatersportsis,therefore,suretoincrease.Thecitygovernmentshouldforthatreasondevotemoremoneyinthisyear'sbudgettoriversiderecreationalfacilities.調(diào)查顯示，MasonCity居民把水上運動（游泳、劃船和釣魚）視為他們最喜愛的娛樂活動。然而橫穿市區(qū)的Mason河被很少用于這些活動，市公園管理部門只撥出很少的預(yù)算用于維護Mason河。Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.ThefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthemanagerofWWACradio"Toreverseadeclineinlistenernumbers,ourownershavedecidedthatWWACmustchangefromitscurrentrock-musicformat.Thedeclinehasoccurreddespitepopulationgrowthinourlisteningarea,butthatgrowthhasresultedmainlyfrompeoplemovinghereaftertheirretirement.Wemustmakelistenersofthesenewresidents.Wecouldswitchtoamusicformattailoredtotheirtastes,butacontinuingdeclineinlocalsalesofrecordedmusicsuggestslimitedinterestinmusic.Insteadweshouldchangetoanewsandtalkformat,aformofradiothatisincreasinglypopularinour下面這段文字出自WWAC為了牛站聽眾減少的趨勢，WWAC電臺所有者已經(jīng)決定改變目前搖滾樂的風(fēng)格。因為雖然電Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.Thefollowingisamemorandumfromthebusinessmanagerofatelevision"Overthepastyear,ourlate-nightnewsprogramhasdevotedincreasedtimetonationalnewsandlesstimetoweatherandlocalnews.Duringthisperiod,mostofthecomplaintsreceivedfromviewerswereconcernedwithourstation'scoverageofweatherandlocalnews.Inaddition,localbusinessesthatusedtoadvertiseduringourlate-nightnewsprogramhavecanceledtheiradvertisingcontractswithus.Therefore,inordertoattractmoreviewerstoournewsprogramsandtoavoidlosinganyfurtheradvertisingrevenues,weshouldexpandourcoverageofweatherandlocalnewsonallournewsprograms."Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.Twoyearsago,radiostationWCQPinRockvilledecidedtoincreasethenumberofcall-inadviceprogramsthatitbroadcast;sincethattime,itsshareoftheradioaudienceintheRockvillelisteningareahasincreasedsignificantly.GivenWCQP'srecentsuccesswithcall-inadviceprogramming,andcitinganationwidesurveyindicatingthatmanyradiolistenersarequiteinterestedinsuchprograms,thestationmanagerofKICKinMedwayrecommendsthatKICKincludemorecall-inadviceprogramsinanattempttogainalargeraudienceshareinitslistening兩年前，Rockville的WCQP電臺決定增加呼入建議節(jié)目的數(shù)量。因為當時這類節(jié)目的聽眾在RockvilleWCQP最近在呼入建議類節(jié)目取得的成功，加上一項全國性調(diào)查顯示很多聽眾非常喜歡這類節(jié)目，Medway的KICK電臺經(jīng)理建議KICK應(yīng)Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.Thefollowingisamemorandumfromthebusinessmanagerofatelevision"Overthepastyear,ourlate-nightnewsprogramhasdevotedincreasedtimetonationalnewsandlesstimetoweatherandlocalnews.Duringthistimeperiod,mostofthecomplaintsreceivedfromviewerswereconcernedwithourstation'scoverageofweatherandlocalnews.Inaddition,localbusinessesthatusedtoadvertiseduringourlate-nightnewsprogramhavejustcanceledtheiradvertisingcontractswithus.Therefore,inordertoattractmoreviewerstotheprogramandtoavoidlosinganyfurtheradvertisingrevenues,weshouldrestorethetimedevotedtoweatherandlocalnewstoitsformerlevel."Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.ThefollowingappearedinanarticlewrittenbyDr.Karp,an"Twentyyearsago,Dr.Field,anotedanthropologist,visitedtheislandofTertiaandconcludedfromhisobservationsthatchildreninTertiawererearedbyanentirevillageratherthanbytheirownbiologicalparents.However,myrecentinterviewswithchildrenlivinginthegroupofislandsthatincludesTertiashowthatthesechildrenspendmuchmoretimetalkingabouttheirbiologicalparentsthanaboutotheradultsinthevillage.ThisresearchofmineprovesthatDr.Field'sconclusionaboutTertianvillagecultureisinvalidandthusthattheobservation-centeredapproachtostudyingculturesisinvalidaswell.Theinterview-centeredmethodthatmyteamofgraduatestudentsiscurrentlyusinginTertiawillestablishamuchmoreaccurateunderstandingofchild-rearingtraditionsthereandinotherislandcultures."下面這段文字出自人類學(xué)家Dr.Karp0edeaTaTerta的一組島嶼上生活的兒童的采訪顯示，這些兒童的談話中談到他們雙親的時間要遠多于談到村莊中其他成年edeaTeria工作的研究生們所用的是以采訪為中心Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatspecificevidenceisneededtoevaluatetheargumentandexplainhowtheevidencewouldweakenorstrengthentheargument.Accordingtoarecentreport,cheatingamongcollegeanduniversitystudentsisontherise.However,GrovetonCollegehassuccessfullyreducedstudentcheatingbyadoptinganhonorcode,whichcallsforstudentstoagreenottocheatintheiracademicendeavorsandtonotifyafacultymemberiftheysuspectthatothershavecheated.Groveton'shonorcodereplacedasysteminwhichteacherscloselymonitoredstudents;underthatsystem,teachersreportedanaverageofthirtycasesofcheatingperyear.Inthefirstyearthehonorcodewasinplace,studentsreportedtwenty-onecasesofcheating;fiveyearslater,thisfigurehaddroppedtofourteen.Moreover,inarecentsurvey,amajorityofGrovetonstudentssaidthattheywouldbelesslikelytocheatwithanhonorcodeinplacethanwithout.Thus,allcollegesanduniversitiesshouldadopthonorcodessimilartoGroveton'sinordertodecreasecheatingamongstudents.根據(jù)最近的一份報告，大中專院校中的作弊風(fēng)氣有所抬頭。然而，oonollege通過一種誠信體制成功地減少了作弊現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生，這一體制要求學(xué)生同意在學(xué)業(yè)中不作弊，并且當他們懷疑別人作弊的時候通知老師。oon的誠信制度代替了原有的學(xué)生被老師嚴密監(jiān)視的302114起。而且，在最近一次調(diào)查中，大部分學(xué)生說有了誠信制度他們更加不太可能作弊。因此，所有的大中專院校都應(yīng)該采取類似GrovetonCollege的誠信體制。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhethertherecommendationandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetherecommendation.ThefollowingappearedinanarticlewrittenbyDr.Karp,an"Twentyyearsago,Dr.Field,anotedanthropologist,visitedtheislandofTertiaandconcludedfromhisobservationsthatchildreninTertiawererearedbyanentirevillageratherthanbytheirownbiologicalparents.However,myrecentinterviewswithchildrenlivinginthegroupofislandsthatincludesTertiashowthatthesechildrenspendmuchmoretimetalkingabouttheirbiologicalparentsthanaboutotheradultsinthevillage.ThisresearchofmineprovesthatDr.Field'sconclusionaboutTertianvillagecultureisinvalidandthusthattheobservation-centeredapproachtostudyingculturesisinvalidaswell.Theinterview-centeredmethodthatmyteamofgraduatestudentsiscurrentlyusinginTertiawillestablishamuchmoreaccurateunderstandingofchild-rearingtraditionsthereandinotherislandcultures."下面這段文字出自人類學(xué)家Dr.Karp0edeaTaTerta的一組島嶼上生活的兒童的采訪顯示，這些兒童的談話中談到他們雙親的時間要遠多于談到村莊中其他成年edeaTeria工作的研究生們所用的是以采訪為中心Writearesponseinwhichyouexaminethestatedand/orunstatedassumptionsoftheargument.Besuretoexplainhowtheargumentdependsontheseassumptionsandwhattheimplicationsarefortheargumentiftheassumptionsproveunwarranted.Arecentlyissuedtwenty-yearstudyonheadachessufferedbytheresidentsofMentiainvestigatedthepossibletherapeuticeffectofconsumingsalicylates.Salicylatesaremembersofthesamechemicalfamilyasaspirin,amedicineusedtotreatheadaches.Althoughmanyfoodsarenaturallyrichinsalicylates,food-processingcompaniesalsoaddsalicylatestofoodsaspreservatives.Thetwenty-yearstudyfoundacorrelationbetweentheriseinthecommercialuseofsalicylatesandasteadydeclineintheaveragenumberofheadachesreportedbystudyparticipants.Atthetimewhenthestudyconcluded,food-processingcompanieshadjustdiscoveredthatsalicylatescanalsobeusedasflavoradditivesforfoods,and,asaresult,manycompaniesplantodoso.Basedonthesestudyresults,somehealthexpertspredictthatresidentsofMentiawillsufferevenfewerheadachesinthefuture.20年的對Mentia居民頭痛病的研究指出了使用salicylates可能存在的治療效果。Salicylates和阿司匹林屬于同一化學(xué)家族，是一種治療頭痛的藥。雖然很多食物本salicylates，食品加工廠仍然添加salicylates20年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)salicylates在商業(yè)用途的增長和被調(diào)查者平均頭痛次數(shù)的穩(wěn)定減少之間存在聯(lián)系。當研究結(jié)束時，食品加工廠剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)salicylates也可以用來作為食品調(diào)味添加劑，并且很多廠家準備這樣做?；谶@些研究結(jié)果，健康專家預(yù)測Mentia居民的頭痛病將來會更少。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhatquestionswouldneedtobeansweredinordertodecidewhetherthepredictionandtheargumentonwhichitisbasedarereasonable.Besuretoexplainhowtheanswerstothesequestionswouldhelptoevaluatetheprediction.Thefollowingwaswrittenasa