高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-非謂語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)歸納

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--非謂語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)歸納第一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.第一頁(yè)第二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能第二頁(yè)第三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。名稱語(yǔ)法功能主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過去分詞√√√√第三頁(yè)第四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)?？沙洚?dāng)成分:主語(yǔ) ,賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ).一、不定式第四頁(yè)第五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。

不定式運(yùn)用口訣本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。大家千萬(wàn)要當(dāng)心，有時(shí)它把句型改，作主賓時(shí)用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個(gè)感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開；疑問詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開。不定式在七個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),to要省略第五頁(yè)第六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式作主語(yǔ)

To+V……+VWhen(疑問副詞)+to+V…+VForSb.+to+V(1)

Toperseveremeansvictory.(2)

Whentostartremainsundecided.(3)

Forustoberedandexpertisnotonlynecessarybutalsopossible.（注）不定式作主語(yǔ)，常用it做形式主語(yǔ)改寫成下列句型第六頁(yè)第七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Itis+N+to+V2.Ittakessb.+sometime+to+V3.Itis+Adj.+for+to+V4.Itis+Adj+ofsb.+to+V(1)

Itisourdutytosupporttheirstruggleforliberation.(2)

Itonlytookusayeartocompletetheproject.ItishardformetomasterEnglish.

第七頁(yè)第八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。（注）用于這一句型的形容詞只限于下列幾個(gè)：easy,difficult,hard,necessary,impossible,unnecessary,important,它們的共同特點(diǎn)是表示客觀情況，不能改寫成beofsb.+to+V(1)

It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.

(2)

It’sunwiseofthemtoturndowntheproposal.（注）后跟ofsb.的形容詞:kind,good,nice,clever,silly,wrong,right,wise,unwise,foolish,stupid,lazy,careless,cunning,rude,honest,naughty,impolite,considerate以上在動(dòng)詞不定式前的forsb.或ofsb都可看成它的邏輯主語(yǔ)。

第八頁(yè)第九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體動(dòng)作時(shí)，特別是表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式作表語(yǔ)。1.To+V+is+to+V(一是條件，一是結(jié)果)2.Pron.(N)+is(seem)+to+V(包括不定式完成式或被動(dòng)態(tài))3.Whatclause+is+to+V(表語(yǔ)說明主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容)

第九頁(yè)第十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。(1)

Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither.(2)

Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.Thebookseemstohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguagesalready.(3)

WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.(注)tobe的過去時(shí)，有時(shí)可和不定式的完成式構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)想做而未做成的事。Hewastohavegiventhefirsttalk,buthecamelate.

第十頁(yè)第十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式作定語(yǔ)

1.S+V+O（N）+to+V(主動(dòng)態(tài))to+V(被動(dòng)態(tài))to+V+Prep.in(on)which+to+V

2Thereis(are)+N+to+V(1)

Shehasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevening.Doyouhaveanythingmoretosay?（主動(dòng)，動(dòng)賓）(2)

Haveyouanythingtotakentothecity?（被動(dòng)）(3)Shehasalotofthingstoattendto第十一頁(yè)第十二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。(4)

Itwasabadseasoninwhichtohaveoutings.(5)

Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).（注）1.不定式做定語(yǔ)和被修飾詞之間：（1）

表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作（2）

與被修飾詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（3）

抽象名詞后做定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。（4）

不及物動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)，要加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，和被修飾詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系2.不定式做定語(yǔ)，在句中與被修飾詞間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，同時(shí)與句中其他詞與詞又有邏輯上主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，盡管有被動(dòng)含義仍用主動(dòng)態(tài)（例句1）。如又有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系而無(wú)邏輯上主謂關(guān)系，則仍用被動(dòng)態(tài)。（見例句2）3.Thereis(are)的句型中，不定式含被動(dòng)意思，用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)形式均可。第十二頁(yè)第十三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式作賓語(yǔ)

.表1S+V+TO+V在此句型中，要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：manage,try,ask,offer,agree,expect,promise,want,begin,desire,learn,arrange,hope,like,wish,decide,afford,pretend,(1)Heofferedtohelpus.(2)

Wemusttrytobecomeonewiththemasses.(3)

Ididnotexpecttofindyouhere.(4)Hepretendednottoseeme.

第十三頁(yè)第十四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。S+V+it+OC+to+V(1)Theworkersthinkitnecessarytoincreaseproduction.(2)Doyouconsideritimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime?表3S+V+疑問代詞/疑問副詞+to+V要求when,how,whether,where,which,what,who(whom)等+to+V做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：know,tell,teach,explain,discuss,consider,discover,guess,observe,findout,understand,wonder第十四頁(yè)第十五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Idon’tknowwhattodo.Wheretogo.Whomtoask.Whentostop.HowtogetthereWhichonetobuyWhichonetobuyWhethertolaughatorcryWhenIheardthewords（注）在此句型中，if不能代替whether，疑問副詞why不能和不定式在一起做賓語(yǔ)用于該句型。第十五頁(yè)第十六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Prep.But/except/besides+to+V/+V(1)

Hedesirednothingbuttosucceed.(2)

Hedidnothingbutcry.(3)

Marydidnothingexceptcleanthedishes(4)

Thewindowswereopenedexcepttoairtheroomforafewminutesinthemorning.(5)

ThatafternoonIhadnothingtodobesidesanswer.（注）在這些介詞前無(wú)實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do，后跟不定式如有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do，則跟動(dòng)詞原形第十六頁(yè)第十七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。cannotbutcannothelpbut+Vcannotchoosebut(1)Icannotbutadmiretherichcontentofthebook.(2)Icannothelpbutlaugh.(3)Theycouldnotchoosebutobey.第十七頁(yè)第十八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式做賓補(bǔ)V+O+to+V要求verbto+V作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：Advise,cause,allow,ask,encourage,get,expect,force,wish,want,intend,invite,mean,permit,persuade,forbid,warn,tell,compel,remind,teach,urge,hove,have,like,prefer.(1)

Theyaskedhimtodesignanewworkshop.(2)

Wecan’tallowtheraintospoilourday.(3)I’dlovethemtocometonight.第十八頁(yè)第十九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。V+O+tobe要求verbtobe作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：consider,declare,find(=consider),prove,think,know,believe,imagine,judge,suppose,feel(1)

Weknow/believe/judgehimtobereliable.(2)

Ishouldimagine/supposehimtobeabove50.（注）1.consider,declare,find,prove,think等動(dòng)詞后的tobe往往省略。如果不定式為完成式就不能省，如：weconsiderheat(tobe)aformofenergy.Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.第十九頁(yè)第二十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2

.

know后要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的其他用法：haveknown+O+to+V或Vhaveneverknown+o+Vneverknew+O+V賓補(bǔ)為完成式或know轉(zhuǎn)為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，作賓補(bǔ)的不定式必須帶to1）Ihaveknownhim(to)saythisbefore.2)I’veneverknownhimbehavelikethis.3)Ineverknewhimdoanythingwithoutaverygoodreason.4)Ihaveneverknownhertohavefailed.5)Hehasneverbeenknowntosaythisbefore.(passivevoice)第二十頁(yè)第二十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。V+O+V要求不帶to的動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:have,make,let.,see,hear,feel,notice,observe,watch,listento,lookat1)

MakeforeignthingserveChina.2)

Idid’thearanyonesayanythingaboutit.3)

Itisquiteamusingtolookatotherpeopleplaychess.(注)1）這種句子如變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，to不能不要Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight.第二十一頁(yè)第二十二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1）

help后的賓補(bǔ)，可帶to或不帶toMybrotheroftenhelpsme(to)mendmybike.表4

V+Prep.+O+to+V要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：Callon,counton,relyon,dependon,carefor,askfor,waitfor,longfor,preparefor,wishfor1)

Youcancountonustogiveyoufullsupport.2)

Youcan’trelyonhimtoassistyou.3)ShallweaskforMarytocometoo?第二十二頁(yè)第二十三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式做狀語(yǔ)

表1目的狀語(yǔ)To+V…,S+V…S+V+O,to+V…(soasto…,inorderto…)1)

Togetthebestresults,usecleanwater.2)

Hewenthometoseehismother.3)

Iturnedtheradiodownsoasnottodisturbyou.4)

Wegotoschoolinordertogetknowledge第二十三頁(yè)第二十四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。表2原因狀語(yǔ)be+Adj.+to+Vbe+P.P+to+VV+to+V本句型所示的不定式多是在表示感情的形容詞，過去分詞或動(dòng)詞之后，它們是：glad,happy,sorry,sad,surprised,shocked,astonished,delighted,pleased,weep,cry,laugh,smile1)

I’mverygladtoseeyou.Shewillbesorrytohearthat.2)

Iwassurprisedtoseeherthere.3)Shewepttohearthenews.第二十四頁(yè)第二十五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。表3結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)

1.

Only+to+V2.

Adj.(adv)+enough+(for+O)+to+V3.

too+adj.(adv.)+to+V4.

so+adj.+as+to+V1)

Heworkedhardonlytofallagain.Shehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginahospital.2)

Heisoldenoughtoretire.Thisroomislargeenoughforusfivetosleepin.3)

I’mtootiredtoworkanymore.Germsaretoosmalltobeseenwiththenakedeye.4)Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle?

第二十五頁(yè)第二十六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容詞/副詞+asto,such+名詞…astodo引導(dǎo)。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.第二十六頁(yè)第二十七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)常放在表示心理感覺的形容詞后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.第二十七頁(yè)第二十八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式的完成式.表示不定式中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等動(dòng)詞常用于上面句型。第二十八頁(yè)第二十九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時(shí)，但要注意與一般時(shí)的區(qū)別。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)稍等。（說話時(shí)還未等）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。（說話時(shí)已等了很久）第二十九頁(yè)第三十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式的省略現(xiàn)象不定式在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式省略to。

例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介詞but,except,besides后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.

第三十頁(yè)第三十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式符號(hào)to作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有行為動(dòng)詞do,作表語(yǔ)的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.第三十一頁(yè)第三十二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。不定式后動(dòng)詞的省略動(dòng)詞love,mean,want,hate,like,

wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保留to不定式符號(hào)。第三十二頁(yè)第三十三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。句式wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式為wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,needn’thave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后的be或have。

例---Areyouasailor?

---No,butIusedtobe(asailor).

第三十三頁(yè)第三十四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。表4反射不定式作狀語(yǔ)S+be+Adj.+to+V本句型中的主語(yǔ)是不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，不定式說明作表語(yǔ)的形容詞，成為形容詞的狀語(yǔ)。主動(dòng)態(tài)具有被動(dòng)含義，不定式不能改為被動(dòng)態(tài)。在該句型中被使用的形容詞只有：easy,hard,difficult,dangerous,expensive,fit,possible,impossible,comfortable,dirty第三十四頁(yè)第三十五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。(1)Thisquestionisimpossibletoanswer.(2)Englishisdifficulttolearn.(3)Carscanbedangeroustodrive.(4)Alorryingoodconditioniseasytodrive.(5)Theroomiscomfortabletolivein.第三十五頁(yè)第三十六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Ithinkyou’llgrow________himwhenyouknowhimbetter. A．liking B．tobelike C．tolike D．tobeliking第三十六頁(yè)第三十七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheard B．tobehearingC．tohear D．tohaveheard第三十七頁(yè)第三十八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Myadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetaking B.metakingC.formetotake D.metotake第三十八頁(yè)第三十九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2．Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas. A．inordertohavereceived B．inordertoreceiveC．soastobereceived D．soastobereceiving 第三十九頁(yè)第四十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。3._________moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A．Tofindout B．FindingoutC．Findout D．Havingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______alookatthesportsstars. A.had B.having C.tohave D.have第四十頁(yè)第四十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only________thefilmstarshadleft.A．totell B．tobetoldC．telling D．told2.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft. tofind B.findingC.found D.tohavefound第四十一頁(yè)第四十二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Youweresillynot____yourcar.tolock B.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglocked2.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheard B．tobehearingC．tohear D．tohaveheard3.----IsBobstillperforming? ----I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.tohaveleft B.toleaveC.tohavebeenleft D.tobeleft第四十二頁(yè)第四十三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.

A.haveitdo

B.haveitdone

C.havedoneit

D.havingitdone

2.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut_____ataxi.

A.totake

B.taking

C.take

D.taken第四十三頁(yè)第四十四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.---WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.

---______.

A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.

B.I’dloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.

C.No,Iwouldn’t

D.That’sallright

2.---DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?

---Yes,heintends________.

A./

B.to

C.so

D.that

第四十四頁(yè)第四十五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdon’tknow___.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_____terrible.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme____peoplewhentheyareintrouble.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatdon’tlaughatD.notlaughat4.It’sbadmanners____rudetopeople.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.It’sinteresting_____ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at第四十五頁(yè)第四十六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.going

D.havinggone第四十六頁(yè)第四十七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。二、動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)成分:主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)第四十七頁(yè)第四十八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.It'snousewaitinghere.第四十八頁(yè)第四十九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)Thenurse'sjobis

lookingafterthepatients.Thenurseislookingafterthepatients.第四十九頁(yè)第五十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。3.動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)①下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。Doyoumind

myopeningthewindows?第五十頁(yè)第五十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。②下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)接動(dòng)名詞：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.第五十一頁(yè)第五十二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。4.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.readingtextasleepingbagawalkingstickrunningwaterdevelopedcountry

第五十二頁(yè)第五十三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.Sheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Ican'treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.5.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)第五十三頁(yè)第五十四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.find B.tofindC.onfinding D.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.Tohavehad B.HavinghadC.Have D.Having高考點(diǎn)擊第五十四頁(yè)第五十五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。3.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.youtreat B.youtotreatC.whytreat D.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost第五十五頁(yè)第五十六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞.充當(dāng)成分:賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ).第五十六頁(yè)第五十七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。（一）現(xiàn)在分詞第五十七頁(yè)第五十八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。第五十八頁(yè)第五十九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ),可表時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨或陪襯等含義,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的意思.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.（方式）第五十九頁(yè)第六十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.Thoughweighingalmostonehundredjin,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.Weweresittingbythewindow,talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴隨）解析1.當(dāng)v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，若它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，需用havingdone2.v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和主語(yǔ)保持一致；否則必須帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)=Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Thoughitweighes…第六十頁(yè)第六十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特性。①時(shí)間性。與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般時(shí)，如發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式havingdone。②語(yǔ)態(tài)性。與句子的主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，被動(dòng)完成”。③人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。第六十一頁(yè)第六十二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.Notcompleting B.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted第六十二頁(yè)第六十三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused第六十三頁(yè)第六十四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。4．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．Havingbeenseparated D．Tobeseparated第六十四頁(yè)第六十五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)1.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung第六十五頁(yè)第六十六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2．ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toform B.formC.forming D.havingformed3.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smellingC.smelt D.tobesmelt第六十六頁(yè)第六十七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。（二）過去分詞第六十七頁(yè)第六十八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)說明原因、時(shí)間、條件等。第六十八頁(yè)第六十九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常與主句中的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上一致，但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.第六十九頁(yè)第七十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)，大多說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來(lái)，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主句的主語(yǔ)。a、表示時(shí)間Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示條件Kept

inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.第七十頁(yè)第七十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。c、表示原因d、表示伴隨情況e、表示讓步Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beaten

bytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewas

beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.第七十一頁(yè)第七十二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1．______withthesizeofthewholeearth,

thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A．CompareB．WhencomparingC．ComparingD．Whencompared2.________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.Havinglost B.LostC.Beinglost D.Losing第七十二頁(yè)第七十三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2.過去分詞作定語(yǔ)1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowing B.knownC.beingknown D.tobeknown第七十三頁(yè)第七十四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。3.分詞作賓補(bǔ)1)跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等2)在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。第七十四頁(yè)第七十五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.如:第七十五頁(yè)第七十六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Don’tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents

.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry第七十六頁(yè)第七十七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit_______oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained第七十七頁(yè)第七十八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其他考點(diǎn):第七十八頁(yè)第七十九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.主語(yǔ)一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,________.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists第七十九頁(yè)第八十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2．Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A．thedoorbellrangB．thedoorbellringsC．weheardthedoorbellringD．weheardthedoorbellrings第八十頁(yè)第八十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+名詞+doingtododone第八十一頁(yè)第八十二頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise__________.A.goingon B.goesonC.wenton D.togoon2．________andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctor’shelptoendherlife.A．HavinggivenuphopeofcureB．WithnohopeforcureC．TherebeinghopeforcureD．Inthehopeofcure第八十二頁(yè)第八十三頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)第八十三頁(yè)第八十四頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。–Canyousparemesometime?–I'mafraidnot.Ihavelotsofletters_____.doingwith B.todoforC.todeal D.todealwithIcan'tunderstand_____atthatpoorchild.youtolaugh B.youlaughingC.youlaugh D.whylaugh第八十四頁(yè)第八十五頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.02beingknown B.havingknown C.tobeknown D.known_____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.02A.Exposed B.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed第八十五頁(yè)第八十六頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_____.03thethiefhavingcaught B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking,when_____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.03taking B.takenC.totake D.tobetaken第八十六頁(yè)第八十七頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.GivingIwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone第八十七頁(yè)第八十八頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_____roadconditionsneed_____.03A.that,tobeimproved B.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improving第八十八頁(yè)第八十九頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Thedaywelookedforwardto______.A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecomeThedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.04A.recorded B.recordingC.toberecorded D.havingrecorded第八十九頁(yè)第九十頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。Shesetoutsoonafterdark,

homeanhourlater.A．a(chǎn)rrivingB．toarriveC．havingarrivedD．a(chǎn)ndarrivedThestudentsexpectedthere______morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam.A．isB．beingC．havebeenD．tobe第九十頁(yè)第九十一頁(yè)，共101頁(yè)。_____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.05Put B.PuttingC.Havingput D.BeingputHeisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith,butthefriendshipofhis,_____,istruerthananyother.

A.oncegained B.whentogainC.aftergained

D.whilegaining第