外研版高中英語必修三 （Disaster and hope）SectionA 新課件

Unit6Disasterandhope

SectionAThe

Science

of

EarthquakesWhatisanearthquake?Thesurfaceoftheearthisdividedintodifferentpieces.Thesearecalledtectonic

plates①.Whentwoplatessuddenlyslippastoneanother,anearthquakehappens.Thisshakesthegroundandeverythingonit.Whatcauseearthquakesandwheredotheyhappen?Theearthhasfourmainlayers②.Theyareinnercore,outercore,mantle③andtheearth’scrust④.Thecrustandthetopofthemantlemakeupathinskinonthesurfaceoftheplanet.Butthisskinisnotallinonepiece.Itisactuallymadeupofmanytectonicplates.Theyarelikepuzzlepieces.Thesepiecesarealwaysslidingaroundandbumpingintoeachother.Sometimestheiredgesgetstucktogether.Whenthishappens,therestoftheplatekeepsmoving.Eventuallytheedgescomeunstuck.Thatiswhenanearthquakehappens.Whydoestheearthshakewhenthereisanearthquake?Earthquakessendoutwavesinalldirections.Whentheyreachtheearth’ssurface,theyshaketheground.Therearedifferenttypesofearthquakewaves.ThePwavesqueezesandstretchestheearth.TheSwaveshakeitupanddown.Howareearthquakesrecorded?Scientistsusespecialtoolstorecordandmeasureearthquakes.Thesetoolsarecalledseismographs⑤.Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.Theycanalsotellscientiststhesizeofanearthquake.

詞海拾貝①tectonicplate構(gòu)造板塊②layern.層③mantlen.地幔④crustn.地殼⑤seismographn.地震儀典句欣賞Recordingsfromseismographstellscientistswhenandwhereanearthquaketookplace.譯文:地震儀的記錄告訴科學(xué)家地震發(fā)生的時間和地點。分析:該句子中Recordings為主語,fromseismographs為介詞短語作后置定語,修飾Recordings;tell為謂語,scientists作tell的間接賓語;whenandwhereanearthquaketookplace為賓語從句。理解誘思1.Whatsignsbeforeanearthquake?答案:Brightlightflashinthesky.Thewaterinthewellrisesandfalls.Chickensareflyinganddogsarebarking,andpigsandcowsaretoonervous.Fishjumpoutofthepond,andmicerunwildlyoutofthefields.2.Whatshouldwedoincasethereisanearthquake?答案:Besuretostaycalmanddoeverythingtheteachertellsyou.Ifyouareinclass,takecoverunderdeskquicklyanddonotmoveuntilthefloorstopsshaking.Ifyouareontheplayground,staywhereyouare,crouchandprotectyourhead.Don’tstandnearhighbuildingsthatmayfalldownanddon’tjumpoffthebuilding.Helpyourclassmatesifyoucanandtrytogothroughthedisastertogether.

Startingout&UnderstandingideasⅠ.知識體系圖解

disastertubepluseruptimmediatelyhurricaneoccurannouncement對……做出回應(yīng),反應(yīng)面臨,面對應(yīng)對,解決撿起當(dāng)然與……比起來成功瀏覽由于而且,除此之外Ⅱ.詞匯拓展1.eruptv.→

(n.)

2.immediatelyadv.&conj.→

(adj.)

3.occurv.→

(n.)→

(過去式/過去分詞)

4.announcementn.→

(v.)

eruptionimmediateoccurrenceoccurredannounceⅢ.閱讀導(dǎo)學(xué)根據(jù)pp.62-63課文內(nèi)容,回答下列問題。1.Whereistheauthor?2.Wheredoestheauthorprobablyworkin?3.WhydoestheauthorwanttogotoBankstation?4.Whatplansdoestheauthormakeforthefuture?5.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenheseesthephotosinthenewspaper?答案:1.Inthetube/subway.2.Inabank.3.Toavoidthebadfeelingbythinkingaboutwork.4.Heplanstoputhisflatonthemarketandbuyaboat;speakwithmymanageraboutmovingtothetopfloor;learntoswimandjoinabeginner’sswimmingclassimmediately.5.Hefeelsnervous.重點詞匯重點句式1.pick

up

拿起;卷起;掀起【課文原句】Picking

upafreenewspaperattheTubestation,Iseethetitle“Hot!Hot!Hot”.在地鐵站撿到一份免費報紙,我看到標(biāo)題是“熱!熱!很熱”。【詞匯精講】pickup在該句子中表示“拿起”,同時,它還有“拾起;接收(信號);(偶然)學(xué)會;整理;接載;情況好轉(zhuǎn)”等含義。Hepicked

upsomeFrenchwordswhilelivingwithaFrenchman.他和一個法國人住在一起時學(xué)會了一些法語單詞。Theschoolbuspicks

upthechildrenthreetimeseveryday.校車每天接送孩子們?nèi)?。Theequipmentpicked

upthesignalfromthesatellite.設(shè)備接收到衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的信號。重點詞匯重點句式【巧學(xué)助記】

重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】pickoneselfup跌倒后站起來pickupspeed加速pickon挑剔;捉弄;選中pickoff摘下pickout挑選;辨認(rèn)出重點詞匯重點句式2.average

adj.平均的;普通的;正(平)常的【課文原句】TheaveragehightemperatureinJulyisonly22degrees,soover30isnotusualforLondon.7月份的平均高溫只有22度,因此倫敦的氣溫通常不會超過30度?！驹~匯精講】average在該句子中為形容詞,表示“平均的”。它還有名詞的詞性,表示“平均數(shù);平均水平;一般水準(zhǔn)”;還可以作動詞,表示“平均為;計算出……的平均數(shù)”。Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃abovetheaverage.去年是有記錄以來最熱的一年,比全球平均氣溫高了0.68度。重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】anaverageof平均有on(the)average平均起來aboveaverage在平均水平以上belowaverage在平均水平以下uptoaverage達(dá)到平均水平averageout算出平均數(shù)Lastyearthenumberofstudentswhograduatedwithadrivinglicensereached200,000,an

average

of40,000peryear.去年畢業(yè)時就有駕照的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到二十萬,平均每年四萬。On

average,thereare800tornadoesintheUSeachyear,causingabout80deathsand1,500injuries.美國平均每年有800場龍卷風(fēng),導(dǎo)致約80人死亡,1500人受傷。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式3

pare

v.

比較;匹敵;比喻;相比n.比較【課文原句】This,however,isnothingcomparedtothetrain.然而,這與火車比起來不算什么。【詞匯精講】compare為動詞,在該句子中表示“比較,相比”。Don’tcompareyourstrengthwithothers’weakness,whichismeaningless.不要拿自己的長處和別人的短處做比較,這是沒有意義的。重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】compare...with...把……和……相比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...和……相比(通常作狀語)beyond/withoutcompare無與倫比,舉世無雙comparisonn.比較;對照;比喻incomparisonwith與……相比Ateacherisoftencompared

toacandle.That’sbecausetheirdevotiontoworkisbeyond/without

compare.老師常被比作蠟燭。那是因為他們對工作的投入是無與倫比的。Compared

toyourcontributionsourscountforlittle.與你們的貢獻(xiàn)比較起來,我們的算不了什么。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式4.immediately

adv.即刻,馬上【課文原句】I’lljoinabeginner’sswimmingclassimmediately.我馬上就要參加一個游泳初學(xué)者班?！驹~匯精講】在該句子中immediately為副詞,修飾動詞join,表示“立即,馬上”。

同時immediately還可以用作連詞,意為“一……就”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。Thetelephonerang,andheanswereditimmediately.電話鈴響了,他馬上去接。【詞匯拓展】immediateadj.立即的;直接的AsfarasIcansee,immediateactionshouldbetaken.依我看,必須立即采取措施。重點詞匯重點句式【名師點津】immediately表示“一……就”,相當(dāng)于directly,instantly和assoonas,在它們所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Immediatelyyoubegintospeak,hegivesyouhisfullattention.你只要一開始說話,他就會全神貫注地聽。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式5.cause

n.原因,起因;理由,緣故v.導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生【課文原句】What’smore,heavyraininEasternEuropehascausedlandslidesandtheheatacrossSouthernEuropehascausedforestfires.此外,東歐的大雨導(dǎo)致了山體滑坡,整個南歐的高溫導(dǎo)致了森林火災(zāi)。【詞匯精講】cause在該句子中為動詞,表示“導(dǎo)致,使發(fā)生”,相當(dāng)于leadto。同時,cause還可用作名詞,表示“……的原因”。Joe’sabsencefromschoolwascausedbyillness.因為生病,喬沒有上學(xué)。重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】causesbsth給某人造成某種結(jié)果causesb/sthtodosth導(dǎo)致某人做某事;引起某物……causedamage/lossto對……造成損失、損壞thecauseof...……的原因causeandeffect因果Thepoorharvestcaused

prices

to

risesharply.收成不好導(dǎo)致價格急劇上漲。Drunkdrivingisoneofthemostcommoncauses

oftrafficaccidents.酒后駕駛是交通事故最普遍的原因之一。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式6.occur

v.

發(fā)生【課文原句】Expertssaythisbadweatherhasoccurredduetoclimatechange.專家說由于氣候變化,這種糟糕的天氣已經(jīng)發(fā)生了?！驹~匯精講】occur為不及物動詞,表示“發(fā)生”。occur的過去式和過去分詞形式要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,即occurred。Agoodideaoccurred

tomewhenIwokeupthismorning.今天早上醒來我突然想到一個好主意。重點詞匯重點句式【詞匯拓展】sthoccurstosb某人突然想起某事Itoccursto/strikes/hitssbthat...某人突然想起……Itoccurstosbtodosth某人突然想起做某事Itsuddenlyoccurred

tomethatwhilewetriedtoteachourchildrenallaboutlife,theyactuallytaughtuswhatlifewasallabout.我突然想起,當(dāng)我們試圖教我們的孩子們關(guān)于生活的一切時,他們實際上卻教會了我們什么是生活的全部。Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongneverevenoccurred

toher.她根本沒有想到她可能會錯。【名師點津】表達(dá)“發(fā)生”時,occur與happen可以互換;另外occur,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout等表示“發(fā)生”的短語都不能用于被動語態(tài)以及進(jìn)行時態(tài)。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式Looking

through

my

newspaper,I’m

shocked

by

photos

showing

that

a

hurricane

in

Asia

has

destroyed

a

town.瀏覽報紙時我被一些照片所震驚,照片上顯示亞洲的一場颶風(fēng)已經(jīng)毀壞了一座城鎮(zhèn)?！揪涫狡饰觥縧ookingthroughmynewspaper為動詞-ing形式作伴隨狀語,showing為動詞-ing形式作photos的后置定語。ThefilmwillbeshownthisSundayafternoon,lasting2hours,from4:00to6:00.這部影片將在本周日下午放映,持續(xù)兩個小時,從4:00到6:00。Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,allowingmorepatientstobetreated.近期這個醫(yī)院得到了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,使得更多的病人得到治療。重點詞匯重點句式【句式拓展】(1)動詞-ing形式(短語)作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況等,可相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。Findingthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.=As/Becauseshefoundthecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.發(fā)現(xiàn)這門課很難,她決定調(diào)低一級。(2)動詞-ing形式(短語)作狀語,含有一般式(doing),完成式(havingdone)以及完成被動式(havingbeendone)。如果表示否定,not放在動詞-ing形式前面。Isatattheback,neverdaringtospeak.我坐在后面,從不敢吭聲。Havingwrittendownournamesandaddresses,thepolicemanletusgo.那警察把我們的姓名和地址記下之后就讓我們走了。重點詞匯重點句式【名師點津】判斷用動詞-ing形式還是過去分詞作狀語的關(guān)鍵是要分清其與邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系,是主動還是被動,其次就是分清楚其動作和謂語動詞動作的先后關(guān)系。重點詞匯重點句式重點詞匯重點句式ⅠⅡⅢ單詞拼寫1.Theearthquakewasoneoftheworstnaturald

thecountryhaseversuffered.

答案:disasters2.Observecarefullyifanychangeo

whendoingexperimentsinthelab.

答案:occurs3.Thesuppliesweresenttothelocalpeoplei

theearthquakehappened.

答案:immediately4.Hewitnessedavolcanic

(爆發(fā)).

答案:eruptionⅠⅡⅢ5.Wehaddinneratapizzaplacethathadbeendestroyedbythe

(颶風(fēng)).

答案:hurricane6.Theministermadethe

(通告)atanewsconference.

答案:announcement7.Heattheglass

(管子)tothepointthatitcanbend.

答案:tube8.Hereyouaretencopiesofthenewspaper,

(外加)threedictionaries.

答案:plusⅠⅡⅢ翻譯句子1.雖然廣告有很大的幫助,但我認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該完全依賴它們。(relyon)答案:Althoughadvertisementsareofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkweshouldentirelyrelyonthem.2.我的父母想讓我和他們一起去機場接他。(picksbup)答案:Myparentswantmetogototheairportwiththemtopickhimup.3.當(dāng)我回到家,我突然想到我把書忘在了教室。(itoccurredtosbthat)答案:WhenIgothome,itoccurredtomethatIhadleftmybookintheclassroom.ⅠⅡⅢ4.與西方相比,東方人更注重家庭。(compare)答案:Comparedto/withtheWest,peopleintheEastplacemoreimportanceonfamily.5.毫無疑問,作為一位中國人,我熟悉我的國家。(thereisnodoubtthat)答案:AsaChinese,thereisnodoubtthatIamfamiliarwithmycountry.ⅠⅡⅢ概要寫作根據(jù)pp.62-63課文內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。參考范文:IlearnthatthetemperatureinLondonisexpectedtoreach30plusdegrees,whichisnotusualforLondon.(要點1)IhopeIcanmakeittoBankstationquicklytoavoidthesickbythinkingaboutwork.(要點2)ThenImakesomeplansforthefuture,eventhinkingaboutmovingtospace.(要點3)Onsteppingoutofthestationwithaheavyheart,Isuddenlyfeelafreshwindonmyface.NowIrealisedthatIhavebeenworryingtoomuch.(要點4)Unit6Disasterandhope

SectionBⅠ.知識體系圖解

forecastgrabreliablerescueemergencytyphoonblizzardexceptionallyclaimcrisisthreatensatelliteprecisely在路上;在旅行中朝……進(jìn)發(fā)多達(dá)作為……而出名盡可能遠(yuǎn)引起;導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致多于;超過隨著時間的過去注意確保承受;遭受省去;遺漏;不考慮Ⅱ.釋義匹配1.forecast A.toanexceptionaldegree2.reliable B.thatcanbetrustedtodosthwell;thatyoucanrelyon3.exceptionally C.topredictinadvance4.claim D.tobeadangertosth5.threaten E.demandasbeingone’sdueorproperty答案:1.C

2.B

3.A

4.E

5.DⅢ.用省略結(jié)構(gòu)完成句子1.當(dāng)我走在街上時,我聽到有人叫我的名字。While

,Iheardmynamecalled.

2.這就是為什么我能讓人們的日子更美好。如果你不知道,誰會說另一個人會呢?That’swhyIhelpbrightenpeople’sdays.Ifyou

,who’stosaythatanotherpersonwill?

3.如果被錄用,你很快就會得到通知。

forthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon.

4.如果我知道日程安排的話,可能會省去一些麻煩。Itmighthavesavedmesometrouble

theschedule.

walkingalongthestreetdon’tIfacceptedhadIknown重點詞匯重點句式重點語法1.on

the

way在途中;即將到來【課文原句】Unusualanimalbehaviour,forexample,canindicatewhetherit’scold,wetweatherthat’son

the

wayorahot,dryperiod.例如,不尋常的動物行為,可以表明即將到來的是寒冷潮濕的天氣,還是炎熱干燥的時期?！驹~匯精講】ontheway在該句子中表示“即將到來”,同時,它還有“在路上”的含義。后面常加to+地點,表示“在去……的路上”。It’sannouncedthatahurricaneison

the

way.通知說颶風(fēng)即將到來。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法【詞匯拓展】onthewaytosp在去某地的路上onthewayhome/here/there回家/來這兒/去那兒的路上intheway妨礙;擋道bytheway順便問一下inaway在某種程度上On

the

way

toschool,Itoldmyfathereverythingthathappenedyesteday.在去學(xué)校的路上,我告訴父親昨天所發(fā)生的一切事情。Fredtriedtogettothedoor,butthetablewasin

the

way.弗雷德試圖走近大門,可是桌子擋住了去路。IsawTomyesterday.By

the

way,hetoldmethathewouldgotoBeijing.我昨天看見湯姆了。哦,對了,他告訴我他要去北京。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法重點詞匯重點句式重點語法2.reliable

adj.可信賴的,可靠的【課文原句】So,foraccurateandreliablepredictions,it’sbesttocheckanofficial,scientificreport.所以,為了準(zhǔn)確可靠的預(yù)測,最好檢查一份官方的科學(xué)報告?！驹~匯精講】reliable為形容詞,表示“可靠的”。它的動詞為rely,表示“依賴,依靠”。Shepreparesreliablemovestouseifanewsituationarises.她把在新情況下能用得上的可靠動作準(zhǔn)備好。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法【詞匯拓展】relyonsbtodosth依靠某人做某事relyon(doing)sth依賴/信任/指望……relyonitthat...相信……,指望……Nowadaysthechildrenrelymoreontheirparentstodo/doingeverythingforthem.現(xiàn)在孩子們更多地依靠父母為他們做每件事。Youmayrely

on

it

thattheworkwillbefinishedaheadoftime.你可以放心,這項工作將提前完成?！久麕燑c津】下列句型中也要用it作形式賓語:dependon/seetoit+that從句;appreciateit+if從句;like/hateit+when從句。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法重點詞匯重點句式重點語法3.consist

of由……組成【課文原句】Consisting

of62people,itnotonlyincludedrescuersandmedicalstaff,butalsoincludedearthquakeexperts.它由62人組成,不僅包括救援人員和醫(yī)務(wù)人員,還包括地震專家?！驹~匯精講】consistof表示“由……組成”,不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài),但是可以用其動詞-ing形式作定語。Theworldconsists

ofsevencontinents.世界是由七大洲組成的。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法【詞匯拓展】同義短語:bemadeupof;becomposedof由……組成consistin(=liein)在于;存在于consistwith與……一致/相符consistentadj.相容的;一致的beconsistentwith...和……一致;相符Ifwhatyousayisnotconsistent

withwhatyoudo,itwillhaveabadeffectonyourchildren.如果你言行不一,這將對你的孩子有不好的影響。Thebeautyoftheplanconsists

initssimplicity.這個計劃妙在簡明扼要?！久麕燑c津】由consist組成的幾個短語consistof/in/with都不能用于被動語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時態(tài)。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法重點詞匯重點句式重點語法重點詞匯重點句式重點語法4.up

to

多達(dá),直到,勝任,由……做決定【課文原文】Whenithitthecoast,hugetidalwavescausedsevereflood,costingthelivesofup

to300,000citizens.當(dāng)海嘯襲擊海岸時,巨大的海嘯造成了嚴(yán)重的水災(zāi),造成多達(dá)30萬人喪生?！驹~匯精講】在該句子中upto表示“多達(dá)”,此外,upto還有“直到,勝任,由……做決定”之意。Ifyouadvertiseyourgoodsinadishonestway,youwillbefinedup

to50,000yuan.如果你不誠實地做廣告,你將被罰款多達(dá)5萬元。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法【詞匯拓展】Itisuptosbtodosth由某人決定做某事;做某事是某人的職責(zé)liveupto符合(期望);不辜負(fù)addupto加起來共計lookupto尊重uptonow迄今為止uptodate最新的—Whatshallwedotonightthen?——我們今天晚上做什么呢?—It’sup

toyou—whateveryouwant.——你來決定,你想做什么都行。It’sup

tometoorganizesomewonderfulsinginganddancingperformancesforthem.為他們組織一些精彩的歌舞演出是我的職責(zé)。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法重點詞匯重點句式重點語法重點詞匯重點句式重點語法5.threaten

v.

威脅到,危及【課文原句】Itledtoaseverefoodcrisisandthreatenedthelivelihoodsofmorethan9.5millionpeople.它導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的糧食危機,并威脅到950多萬人的生計?！驹~匯精講】threaten為及物動詞,表示“威脅,危及”,還有“恐嚇”之意。Theybrokemywindowsandthreatenedme.他們打碎我的窗子并威脅我。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法【詞匯拓展】threatensbwithsth用……威脅某人threatentodosth威脅/揚言要做某事threateningadj.

危險的;脅迫的;兇兆的threatn.威脅,恐嚇;兇兆Theterroristthreatenedthegovernmentwithabomb.恐怖分子用炸彈威脅政府。Officialsattheschoolsaytheyreceivedabombthreatatapproximately11:30a.m.today.學(xué)校的官員說他們在今天上午11點半左右收到過炸彈恐嚇。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法重點詞匯重點句式重點語法By

early

May,emergency

aid

worth

9.7

million

US

dollars

had

been

donated

by

China,with

a

further

round

of

emergency

aid

to

follow.到5月初,中國捐贈了價值970萬美元的緊急援助,隨后還將提供另一輪緊急援助?！揪涫狡饰觥吭摼渥訛椤癰y+過去時間”引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句,主句用過去完成時,表示“到……時,已經(jīng)……”。By

the

end

of

last

year,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompleted.到去年年底,又有一座新體育館竣工了。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法【句式拓展】(1)by+現(xiàn)在時間,和現(xiàn)在完成時連用(2)by+過去時間,和過去完成時連用(3)by+將來時間,和將來完成時連用Hehastaughtinourschoolfor3yearsby

now.到現(xiàn)在為止,他在我們學(xué)校教學(xué)3年了。YouwillhavereachedShanghaiby

this

time

tomorrow.明天這個時候你將到達(dá)上海。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法重點詞匯重點句式重點語法省略無論在口語中還是在書面語中,有時為了講話簡潔或行文方便,常常在不影響文意的情況下將句子中的某些成分略去,這種現(xiàn)象稱為省略。一、簡單句中的省略(一)省略主語祈使句中主語通常省略;其他省略主語多限于少數(shù)現(xiàn)成的說法。1.(I)Begyourpardon.2.(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.(二)省略主謂或主謂語的一部分1.(Thereis)Nosmoking.2.(Willyou)Haveasmoke?重點詞匯重點句式重點語法(三)省略作賓語的不定式短語,只保留to,但如果該賓語是動詞be或完成時態(tài),則須在之后加上be或have:1.—Areyougoingthere?—Yes,I’dliketo(gothere).2.—Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.—Well,heoughttohave.(四)省略表語1.—Areyouthirsty?—Yes,Iam(thirsty).2.Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister(lazy).(五)同時省略幾個成分1.Let’smeetatthesameplaceas(wemet)yesterday.2.—Haveyoufinishedyourwork?—(Ihave)Not(finishedmywork)yet.重點詞匯重點句式重點語法二、主從復(fù)合句中的省略(一)主句中有一些成分被省略1.(I’m)Sorrytohearyouareill.2.(It’sa)Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(二)狀語從句的省略原則主要是:如果從句中的主語和主句中的主語一致,就可以經(jīng)過一定的變動把狀語從句中的主語和謂語的一部分或全部省略,從而使語言更加簡潔、明了。現(xiàn)在就把各種狀語從句的省略現(xiàn)象列舉如下:When(shewas)veryyoung,shebegantolearntoplaythepiano.她很小時就開始學(xué)習(xí)彈鋼琴。Don’tcomeinuntil(youare)askedto.不叫你請你不要進(jìn)來。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法Whenever(itis)possible,youshouldcomeandhelp.不管什么時候只要有可能就來幫忙。注意:as在引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,沒有這種省略現(xiàn)象。(三)不定式符號to的省略1.并列的不定式可省去后面的to。Itoldhimtositdownandwaitforamoment.我告訴他坐下等一會兒。2.help當(dāng)“幫助”講時,后面的賓語或賓語補足語的不定式符號to可帶可不帶。Iwillhelp(to)doitforyou.我會幫你做的。3.but前若有動詞do,后面的不定式不帶to。Theboydidnothingbutplay.這個男孩除了玩什么也沒做。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法4.某些使役動詞(let,make,have)及感官動詞(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等)后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須將to復(fù)原。Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.我看到這個男孩從樹上掉下來了。Theboywasseentofallfromthetree.這個男孩被(我)看到從樹上掉下來了。5.主語從句中有動詞do,后面作表語的不定式的to可帶可不帶。Allwecandonowis(to)wait.我們現(xiàn)在能做的就是等。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法6.find當(dāng)“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時,后面作賓語補足語的不定式符號to可帶可不帶。Wefoundhim(to)workveryhardattheexperiment.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在這個實驗中工作很努力。但如果是不定式tobe,則不能省略。Shefoundhimtobedishonest.她發(fā)現(xiàn)他不誠實。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法(四)連詞if在部分虛擬條件句中可省略,但后面的語序有變化。1.Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.如果他們有時間,他們一定會來幫助我們。2.WereIyou,Iwoulddotheworkbetter.如果我是你,我會把工作做得更好。3.Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?如果那里有洪水,我們應(yīng)該做什么?(五)主句和從句各有一些成分省略。Thesooner(youdoit),thebetter(itwillbe).越快越好。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法三、并列句中的省略兩個并列句中,后一個分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。Myfatherisadoctorandmymother(is)anurse.我父親是醫(yī)生,母親是護士。Istudyatcollegeandmysister(studies)athighschool.我上大學(xué),我妹妹讀高中。Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.夏天來了,白天越來越長,黑夜越來越短。重點詞匯重點句式重點語法四、其他省略(一)連接詞that的省略1.賓語從句中常省略連接詞that,但也有不能省略的情況。2.在定語從句中,that在從句中作賓語時可省略。另外,凡是進(jìn)行時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的定語從句都可省略關(guān)系代詞和be動詞。(二)在某些狀語從句中,從句的主語與主句的主語一致時,可省去“主語+be”部分。When(hewas)stillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.Shetriedherbestthough(shewas)ratherpoorinhealth.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.ⅠⅡⅢ單詞拼寫1.Today’sweatherf

isforsunshineandshowers.

答案:forecast2.Ig

herbythearmandtriedtopullheraway.

答案:grabbed3.Trainsare

(rely),cheapandbestforlong-distancejourneys.

答案:reliable4.Thepolicecametohisr

andhewasverythankfulwhenhewassafe.

答案:rescue5.Sheisca