英語(yǔ)課后習(xí)題答案

Unit1DevelopingLanguageSkillsFurtherReading.2.UsingDictionariesExIslang6.prefixabbreviation7.suffixgeographicalname8.illustrativequotationtechnicalword9.synonymderivation10.antonym1.Many“good”DefinitionsⅠa)1b)6c)5d)3e)8f)2Ⅱa)Goodgrief!b)Ohgood!c)Goodluck!2.SQ3R1.A2.A3.B4.C5.B6.D7.D8.C3.LearningForeignLanguages1.A2.C3.C4.B5.AUnit2SightseeingHomeandAbroadFundamentalReadingBeijingExIpalace11.theImperialtemple12.theresidencesofleadersMongol13.theGateofHeavenlyPeaceemperor14.squareManchu15.paradethecentralcity16.fireworksdisplaysuburb17.commercialareafarmland18.residentialareatheemperor’shousehold19.theTempletheForbiddenCity20.tombsofMingemperorsExIIIAttheendofthe12thandthebeginningofthe13thcenturies,GenghisKhan,thefirstemperoroftheYuanDynasty,establishedtheMongolEmpire,alsoknownasChina’sYuanDynasty.ManchuguowasthepuppetregimeestablishedafterJapaneseinvasionofthethreeprovincesinnortheastChina.ConstructionontheForbiddenCitystartedfrom1406A.D,andendedin1420A.D.(the18thyearofYongleEmperoronthethrone).RestinthecenterofBeijing,thepalacecoversanareaof720,000squaremeters,extending961metersfromsouthtonorthand753metersfromeasttowest.Withmorethan9,000royalchambers,theForbiddenCityservedasthepalaceof24emperorsoveraperiodofmorethan500yearsfromtheMingtoQingDynasties.It’sthelargestandmostwell-preservedimperialpalaceandancientarchitectureinexistenceinChinaandtheworldaswell.TheGateofHeavenlyPeace,formerlyknownastheChengtianGate,servedasthemaingatetotheimperialcity.Itsconstructionwascompletedinthe18thyearofYongleEmperoronthethrone.Builtin1420A.D.,theTempleof1.ArrangingJourneys1.A2.B3.D4.C5.B2.Australia 1.D2.C3.A4.B5.D3.TourismTipsforEveryPartofChina1.A2.D3.D4.A5.A4.TheAcropolisofAthens1.A2.C3.C4.A5.DUnit5FolkloreandFolkArtFundamentalReadingFolkAreExI1.民謠ballad童話故事fairytale傳奇故事legend神話故事myth民間故事folktale諺語(yǔ)/箴言proverb童謠nurseryrhyme謎語(yǔ)riddle迷信superstition灰姑娘CinderellaExIIFolkloreisanyofthecustomsandtraditionsthatdevelopfromanationoveralongperiodoftime.Itconsistsofcustoms,traditions,beliefsandsuchformsoforalliteratureasfairytales,folktales,riddles,proverbs,ballads,songsandsuperstitions.Italsoincludesartsandcrafts,traditionalgames,holidaycelebrationsandsoon.Proverbsaresomesayingsfrequentlyusedinoureverydaylife.Althoughproverbsaresimilartoidioms,theyarepopularandeasytounderstandwiththecharacteristicsofthespokenlanguage,completedideasintheformofoneortwoshortsentences.Chineseproverbsinvolvealargecontent.Theycanbedividedintovariouscategorieswithnumerousgoodexamples,ofwhichsomeconcernfarming,forexample,“ItistimetosowbeforeandaftertheFestivalofPureBrightness”,someothersconcernlogic,forexample,“Asyousow,sowillyoureap”,stillsomeothersconcernthegeneralknowledgeinourlife,forexample,“Walkaftereatingtoliveafitandlonglife”.Proverbs,likeidioms,asapartofthewholevocabularyofalanguage,canaddtofreshnessandvividnessoflanguage.3.ChineseFolkArtExI藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作artisticcreation種桑plantmulberrytrees養(yǎng)蠶toraisesilkworms刺繡embroidery染dye壁畫mural（painting）陶器pottery捏面人doughsculpture剪紙papercut黃土高原LoessPlateau窯洞cavedwellings長(zhǎng)壽longevity龍dragon鳳phoenix向往美好生活yearnforabetterlife結(jié)婚禮服weddingdress洞房bridalchamber代代相傳tohanddownfromgenerationtogeneration中國(guó)少數(shù)民族Chineseethnicminorities未婚夫fianceFurtherReading2.MonkeyKingOnlineExI多媒體multimedia光盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器CD-ROM西游記JourneytotheWest.妖魔鬼怪demonsandmonsters唐僧theTangPriestXuanzang取經(jīng)fetchingBuddhistscriptures花果山theMountainofFlowersandFruit水簾洞awaterfallinfrontofacliff美猴王theHandsomeMonkeyKing天兵天將troopsfromheaven/theheavenlygeneralsandsoldiers翻筋斗somersault大鬧天宮makeHavocinHeaven金箍棒goldencudgel仙丹，長(zhǎng)生不老藥thepillsofimmortality玉皇大帝theJadeEmperorintheHeaven如來(lái)佛theBuddhaExIIThestoriesof“JourneytotheWest”arewidelyknownbyalmosteveryoneinChina.“JourneytotheWest”isaChinesefull-lengthfantasynovelinMingDynasty.IttellsofthehistoricalfactoftheTangPriestXuanzang’smissiontoancientIndiaforfetchingBuddhistscripturesescortedbySunWukongandhisotherdisciples,bearingthecharacteristicsoffairytales.MonkeyKingislovedbyeveryoneasaresourcefulandbraveherowhoscornsimperialpower,daretorebelandhavethesenseofhumor.“JourneytotheWest”includesthreeparts.ThesubjectofpartoneistheoriginofMonkeyKingandhowhemadehavocintheheaven.ParttwocontinueswiththeoriginoftheTangPriestXuanzangandthereasonsforhisjourneytothewesttofetchBuddhistscriptures.PartthreenarrateshowMonkeyKingwasconvertedtoBuddhismtoescorttheTangPriesttothewesttofetchBuddhistscriptures.Aftertheyhadexperiencedeighty-oneadversitiesontheirway,subduingvariousdemonsandmonstersandstrugglingagainstsinisternaturalconditions,theysucceededingettingtheBuddhistscripturesatlastandreachedtheBuddhistspiritualstateofanimmortal.3.What’sSoSpecialAboutDragon?ExI長(zhǎng)壽longevity子孫(后裔)descendants圖騰totem祖先f(wàn)orefather/ancestor吉祥物mascot大禹YutheGreat巫峽WuxiaGorge洪澇flood干旱drought(供奉豬、羊)祭祀tooffersacrificesofpigsandgoats11.龍王廟dragonkingtempleExIIIThedragon,springingfromtheancientChinesetotem,isconsideredthesymbolofChinesenationality.ItissaidthattheYellowEmperorandEmperorYanweresonsofdragons,soChinesealwayssaytheyare“descendantsofdragons”or“descendantsoftheYellowEmperorandEmperorYan”.Thedragondances,oneofthefolkdancesoftheChineseHannationality,havealonghistoryoftwothousandyears.Theygotthenamebecauseofthepatternsofdragonsthatthedancerscarryasprops.DragondancesarethemostpopularfolkdancesintheChinesetraditionalfestivals.Chinesecommunitiesintheworldshowtheirculturaltraditionsoftheircommunitiesthroughdragondances.1.

ClothProducts1.B2.C3.D4.A2.

AmericanFolkArt1.

F2.T3.T4.F5.F6.T3.DragoninDifferentCultures1.C2.A3.D4.A5.B4.

Beowulf1.Mostscholarsdatethepoemfromthe700’s,butsomedateitmuchclosertotheendoftheOldEnglishperiod.2.InalloldEnglishpoetry,accent(theemphasiswithwhichasyllableispronounced)andalliteration(wordsthatbeginwiththesamesound)areused.3.Beowulfisamightywarrior.4.Theyadmiredthequalitiesofstrength,courage,loyalty,andgenerosity.5.Beowulf,amedievalpoem,isthefirstgreatworkofEnglishLiterature.Unit6WaysofLifeFundamentalReading2.FoodGuidePyramidExI1.乳制品dairyproducts2.維生素vitamin3.碳水化合物carbohydrate4.營(yíng)養(yǎng)nutrient5.纖維素fiber6.蛋白質(zhì)protein7.礦物質(zhì)mineral8.熱量（卡）calorie9.消化系統(tǒng)digestivesystem10.家禽poultry11.鈣calcium12.磷phosphorus13.鋅zinc14.谷類食物cereal15.脂肪fat16.小吃，快餐snack1.BeautyContests1.C2.B3.A4.D2.AutomobilesChangethePatternofLiving1.A2.B3.A4.B5.A3.DesignersStruttingNewIdeas1.C2.B3.A4.C5.C6.D4.GettinginShape1.C2.C3.B4.B5.DUnit7PerceivingPlanetEarthFundamentalReading2.TheEcosystemExI1.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)ecologicalsystem2.生物圈biosphere1.食物鏈foodchain2.資源resource3.昆蟲insect4.物種species5.微生物microbe6.藻類algae7.有機(jī)物organism8.光合作用photosynthesis9.菌類fungi10.草食動(dòng)物herbivore3.ATheoryofEarth'sStructureExI1.火山爆發(fā)volcaniceruption2.巖漿magma3.地殼thecrust4.北冰洋theArcticOcean5.斷裂帶crack/fault6.板塊漂移themovementoftheplates7.次大陸subcontinent8.喜馬拉雅山脈theHimalayarange9.阿爾卑斯山theAlps10.安第斯山theAndes3.ThebalanceofNature大自然的平衡是一種精細(xì)而微妙的、克制與反克制的系統(tǒng)。氣候的變化，新生命體的演變，動(dòng)植物擴(kuò)展到新的地區(qū)都會(huì)使這一系統(tǒng)不停地發(fā)生變化。誰(shuí)曾料到扔掉一棵加拿大水蘊(yùn)草會(huì)使英國(guó)二分之一的水運(yùn)通道阻塞十年？誰(shuí)曾料到把仙人掌送給移民的孤單的妻子會(huì)使澳大利亞?wèn)|部一片片仙人掌泛濫成災(zāi)？誰(shuí)會(huì)預(yù)言砍倒亞得里亞海岸或中非地區(qū)的森林會(huì)沖走裸露巖石上的土壤，使這些土地半沙漠化？誰(shuí)能料到交通手段的進(jìn)步會(huì)變化歷史，使昏睡病傳播到東非，麻疹傳播到大洋洲，瘧疾傳播到古老的希臘？（譯文）自然界的平衡ThebalanceofNature朱利安赫胥黎自然界的平衡是一種十分精密復(fù)雜而又敏感脆弱的克制與反克制體系，它總是伴隨氣候條件的變化，伴隨新的生物體的形成，和伴隨動(dòng)植物蔓延入新的地區(qū)而持續(xù)不停地變化著。可是，在過(guò)去，這些變化大部分是很緩慢的，而自從文明人出現(xiàn)后來(lái)，變化的速度便增大了諸多倍。用以測(cè)量它們的時(shí)間標(biāo)度；已經(jīng)從合用于自然演化過(guò)程的、以一萬(wàn)年或十萬(wàn)年為計(jì)量單位的時(shí)間標(biāo)度，轉(zhuǎn)變成人類所使用的、以幾百年甚至幾十年為計(jì)量單位的時(shí)間標(biāo)度。人類到處都在變化著自然界的平衡。他協(xié)助動(dòng)植物進(jìn)入新的地區(qū)，有時(shí)是故意的，有時(shí)是無(wú)意的。他正在用新的植物種類，或者用房屋、工廠、爐渣堆或其他的文明產(chǎn)物覆蓋大片的土地。他使有些物種大批消滅，卻導(dǎo)致有利條件使此外某些物種成倍地增長(zhǎng)?？傊?，人類在五千年內(nèi)比大自然在五百萬(wàn)年內(nèi)做了更多的事來(lái)變化地球的生態(tài)。他所導(dǎo)致的許多變化已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的后果。誰(shuí)能料到，扔掉一株加拿大水草會(huì)使英國(guó)的二分之一水路阻塞十年之久？誰(shuí)又能料到，為那些移民們的寂寞的妻子提供一盆仙人掌會(huì)使澳大利亞?wèn)|部的霸王樹林蔓延成災(zāi)?誰(shuí)能預(yù)示，砍去亞德里亞海濱或中非某些地區(qū)的森林會(huì)使泥土流失，剩余光禿禿的巖石，使“良田變成半沙漠?誰(shuí)想得到，改善交通競(jìng)也會(huì)傳播疾病——使昏睡癥傳入了東非，麻疹傳入了大洋洲，古希臘的瘧疾很也許也是別處傳入的——從而變化了歷史的發(fā)展。這都是些令人矚目的例子，規(guī)模較小的例子則到處可見(jiàn)。我們?yōu)槟承┫∮续B類設(shè)置了自然保護(hù)區(qū)，規(guī)定保障所有物種的絕對(duì)安全；其成果卻也許是某些一般而又易生存的鳥類大量繁殖，逐出了我們直正感愛(ài)好的寶貴品種。我們看到，由于現(xiàn)代文明帶來(lái)的某些小變化，使英國(guó)到處出現(xiàn)了成群結(jié)隊(duì)的燕八哥。我們提高了牛的生育能力，目前卻發(fā)現(xiàn)它們耗竭了過(guò)去足以養(yǎng)活那些對(duì)生存條件不那么苛求的牲畜的牧場(chǎng)。，我們得意地著手捕殺危害家畜的食肉動(dòng)物，攫食家禽及野味的蒼鷹，但發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣做卻使啃噬農(nóng)民收益的老鼠和其他嚙齒動(dòng)物無(wú)限制地繁殖起來(lái)。1.EarthDay1.TheEarthSiteinInternet.2.TogetattentionfortheEarthDayidea.3.AllindividualsandinstitutionshaveamutualresponsibilitytonowactasTrusteesofEarth,seekingthechoicesinecology,economicsandethicsthatwilleliminatepollution,povertyandviolence,fosterpeacefulprogress,awakenthewonderoflife,andrealizethebestpotentialforthefutureofthehumanadventure.4.TakeactionfortheEarthDayidea.5.JohnMcConnell.6.OnMarch20.2.VolcanoesandtheirBenefits1.B2.B3.C4.B5.A3.Earth’sInterior1.C2.C3.A4.C5.C6.B7.C8.D4.VolcanicFireandGlacialIce1.B2.C3.C4.A5.D6.AUnit8SolvingSocialProblems1.SocialProblemsinNewYorkCityExIsocialproblempovertycrimeratedrugaddictionracialconflictwelfareprogrammedicalcaredrugaddictburglarywell-payingjob(well-paidjob)segregatedneighborhoodminoritygroup2.AIDSanditsPreventionExIAIDS(AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome)humanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)immunesystemsymptominfectedbloodthemosteffectivepreventivestrategyhealthauthoritydrugusershareinjectionequipment(sharesyringe)publichealthagencyvaccinedrugabusehealthclinicAmericanRedCrossWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)monitorWorldAIDSDayprotectiveclothingJuvenileDelinquencyExIjuveniledelinquencyjuveniledelinquent/juvenileoffender/younglawbreakertherateofjuvenilecrimeautomobiletheftcurfewalcoholicbeveragejuvenilecourtcriminalcourttrylegalagestreetganglawbreaker/offenderreform/rehabilitateoffenderaccusesb.ofsthfamilyrelationshipdelinquencystudiessociologistalcoholismbrokenhomejuvenilelow-incomegroupcounselingservicerecreationalcenterFurtherReadingSafetyPrecautionsExImindone’sownbusinessstayawayfromdarkplacesapopulatedareaadesertedlocalityloiterpeepholefireescapeidentificationcard/identitycardcommonsensesafeguardmasterkeylocksmithPopulationExplosionExIpopulationexplosionbirthratedeathratelivingconditionsindustrialcountryruralareaagriculturalcountrylow-incomecountryfoodproductionfaminepopulationgrowthhigh-yieldcropvarietytheGreenRevolutionequaldistributionofexistingresourcesgohungrypopulationcontrolreplacementlevelzeropopulationgrowthDrugAbuseExIdrugabusealcoholicbeveragetobaccoprescriptiondrugcocainemarijuanaheroinopiatehallucinogenicdrugdesignerdrugmalnutritionTestReading1.Vandalism1.D2.C3.B4.D5.A2.ProblemsofCounterfeit1.moreandmorefalsemoneyappearedathomeandabroad.2.Theyplacedaspecialthreadintotheleftsideofeachpieceofpapermoneyvaluedat10dollarsormore.3.ItwillbethepictureofthefamousAmericanoneachbill.4.be50%largerandmovedalittletooneside5.Itwillnotberecalledorreducedinvalue.6.theAmericanTreasuryDepartmentwillchangethelookofAmericanpapermoneytopreventcounterfeiters.3.ComputerCrime1.C2.A3.A4.D