2023.06英語四級真題第3套

2023202363PAGE16頁2023年6月英語四級真題第3套PartIWriting (30minutes)Directions:Supposethestudentunionofyouruniversityisorganizinganonlinediscussiononcollegestudentsdoingcommunityservice.Youaretowriteanessayonitsbenefitsandtheserviceyoucanprovidetothecommunity.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension (25minutes)溫馨提示：2023年6月四級考試全國共考了2套聽力，本套真題聽力與前2套內(nèi)容相同，只是順序不同，故聽力部分不再重復(fù)列出PartIIIReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Whetheryou'rejusthavingadowndayoradownperiod,takingawalkcaninstantlyliftyourmood,especiallywhenyougooutdoors.Notonlycanwalkingmakeyoulessdepressed,butaccordingtoanewstudy,depressionsuffererswhotooka26walkshowedjustasmuchimprovementintheir27aspeopletakingmedicine.Infact,60-70percentoftheparticipantsinthestudycouldnolongerevenbe28asdepressed.Bonedensitymaynotbeoneofthemostexcitinghealthbenefitsofwalking,butit'sanimportantone.Peoplewithstrongerbonesavoidosteoporosis(骨質(zhì)疏松癥)andalltheproblemsthat29withit,likebreaksandotherdisabilities.Andthebestwaytogetstrong,healthybonesisbydoingweight-bearingexerciseslikerunning,dancingandwalking,accordingtoalargestudy.Butasregardsbones,it's30useitorloseit:Tokeepyourbonesstrongyouhavetokeepexercising.Theresearchersfoundthatadultswhowalkedregularlyhadbetterbonedensitythroughouttheirlivesthantheir31friends.Takingawalkcanbegreatfor32yourheadorblowingoffsomesteam.Italsoprovidesagreatopportunityto33withfriendsandfamily,farawayfromelectronicsandother34athome.Evenbetter,yousetapowerfulexamplebecausewhentheyseeyou35thebenefitsofwalking,they'llbeencouragedtowalkmore,too.accompanyaccompanyapprovedbondclassifiedclearingcomedailydefinitelydistractionsexclusivelyinactiveoccurrencesreapingsymptomstypicalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymakingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.AClubWhereLionsDanceandTraditionsTakeRootThefirstthingyounoticeinthestaircasetothefourth-floorstudioonCanalStreetinManhattan,NewYork,isthemeasuredthumping(嘭嘭聲)comingfrombehindametaldoor.Justbeyondtheentrance,largelionmasksweretwistingandturningtothedrum-beat.OnarecentFridayevening,theteenagersmadetheirwayacrossthestudiofloorastheypracticedChineseliondancing."Youwanttoplayinacircle,"VictorFong,aged24,toldhisstudentsattheNewYorkChineseFreemasonsAthleticClub."Takeitslowanddoitagain."Thedancegroup,madeupof60members,performsthroughouttheyearbutwasnowpreparingforitsbiggestevents,ChineseLunarNewYearcelebrations,whichwillbeginonSaturdayandconcludeonFebruary15.Teenagerscompriseabouthalfofthegroup,manyofwhombeganliondancingattheageof14.About100currentandpastmembersofthedancegroup—whichhasbeenperformingsince1956—willbeamongthe220groupsmarchingthroughChinatowninManhattanforthe18thLunarNewYearParadeonFebruary5.Mr.Fonghasbeeninvolvedintheorganizationsincehewas15andbeganteachingliondancingthreeyearsago.Buttheclubalsoactsasarecreationcenterandsafehaven(庇護所)forteenagers,withvideogamesreadilyavailable.Asmanyas20studentsshowupafterschool."Thebasicrequirementforhangingouthereisyouhavetolearnhowtoliondance,"Mr.Fongsaid.Whilethatisnotaformalrequirementforbeingamember,everyonefindsawaytoparticipateintheLunarNewYearParade,whetherit'sbydancing,carryingaflagorbeatingadrum.AlvinChau,aged26,isanenvironmentalconsultantbydayandaliondanceronweekends.Hehasbeenaclubmemberfor10yearsandjoinedbecauseofaninterestinliondance."We'reabigfamily,"hesaid,shakinghandswithothermembersastheywalkedthroughthedoor."Youknoweveryone."Itisbelievedthattheliondancebeganinthethirdcentury.Storiesvaryabouthowliondancingcametobe,butmostofthemincludeamonsternamedNianwhowouldterrorizeavillage.Thevillagersfinallybandedtogetherandscaredthebeastawaywithfirecrackers爆竹)anddrums.WhilelionsarenotnativetoChina,someversionsofthestoryincludethevillagerscreatingamonsteroftheirownintheshapeofaliontofightoffthebeast.Today,thedancerstravelacrossChinatowngoingfrombusinesstobusinesstobringgoodluckforthecomingyear.Thenewyear-accordingtotheChineselunarcalendar-willbeginonSaturdayandmarkstheYearoftheRooster雞年),whichisthoughttobeasymbolofpositivity."It'salmostlikethedarknightisendingandthesuniscomingup,"saidYaYungTeng,thedigitalcollectionscoordinatorfortheMuseumofChineseinAmerica."It'shopefulthatwe'regoingtohaveanewday."Roostersandchickensarenotparticularlystrongcreatures,Ms.Tengsaid,buttheyarenumerous."Inaway,”shesaid,therooster"standsfor"WethePeople.””Thelionheadandtailareoperatedbytwopeople.Asonepersoncontrolsthehead,asecondfollowsunderatrainoffabricrepresentingthebody.Thedancersmoveinharmonyastheyimitatetheanimal'snaturalmovementsinthewild,includingtheaggressivenessofanattack.Alionheadfigureweighsunder10poundsandsitssquarelyonthedancer'sshoulders.Inside,thedancermanipulatesstringsthatopenandclosethelion'seyes,shakeitsearsandopenitsmouthtorevealafire-orangetongue."Agoodliondancerwillimitatealivingcreature,"saidKarlinChan,aged59,whoheadstheathleticclub'scommunitypublicrelations."IstartedliondancingwhenIwasakid,"hesaid."Chinatownwasmuchsmallerthenanditwasacelebrationwithfireworksandfirecrackers,whichaddedalotofflavorandmeaningtoit."Mr.ChanbuysanewlionheadeachyearwhenhetravelstoChina.Aheadcostsabout$1,500."Ifyouwantthegoodstuff,thequality,youhavetoseeitforyourself,"hesaid."I'llinspecttheproductbeforeweputitinthecontainerandshipitover."Mr.Chan,whohasbeeninvolvedwiththeclubfornearly50years,saidthatpassingthedancefromonegenerationtothenextwasvital."Youneedtopassonthetraditionsandtheculture,andthisisapartofourculture,"hesaid."It'sagreatwaytopromoteculturalunderstandingandexchange;wewelcomethat.”ForSaraPore,aged17,anotherclubmember,liondanceismorethanjusttradition,itprovidesacreativeoutlet."Liondancingstarted2,000yearsago—that'sincredible,"shesaid."Butwhatmakesyouacompetentliondanceristhatthere'sasenseofimaginationinvolved.Liondancingteachescompetenceinleadershipbecauseofthis.You'reconstantlyforcedtopushyourselfpastyourlimit."Backatrehearsal(排練),JustinLe,aged18,tiedaredribbonaroundhiswaisttopracticejumping.Thedancersusetheribbonstopullthemselvesupovertheirpartners'heads.Theroom'sceilingsaretoolowtowearthelionheadsforjumpingpractice,soonceuponhispartner'shead,Mr.Leheldouthisarmsasifinoffering.Mr.Lecomesbythedanceasalegacy(傳承)."Iwasbornintoit,"Mr.Lesaid,notingthathisuncleandfatherwereclubmembers."Growingup,Iwouldalwayswatchmyfamilyandseetheliondance,andIslowlygrewinterestedinit."Bytheageof14,hewasfullyenrolledintheathleticclub'sliondancegroup."Ivaluemycultureandtradition,beingChineseorAsian-American.Ihavealotofprideinthat,"hesaid."Iwanttocontributeandgivebacktothecommunity."TheliondancersperformfromdoortodoortobringNewYearwishestobusinesspeople. TheNewYorkdanceclubalsoservesasaplaceforentertainmentwhereyoungsterscanenjoythemselvessafely.Liondancersneedtohavealittleimaginationtoperformwell.Thereareanumberofdifferentversionsabouttheoriginoftheliondance.Some50%ofthemembersofaNewYorkliondanceclubareteenagers.Oneclubmembersayshefeelsproudofhisculturaltradition.Twodancerscoordinatetheirmovements,onemanipulatingthelion'sheadandtheotheritsbody.OneliondancercomparestheirNewYorkdanceclubtoafamily.LiondanceshouldbehandeddowntofuturegenerationsaspartofChineseculture.Oneliondancerlearnedhowtoperformfromhiselders.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Team-buildingexerciseshavebecomepopularformanagerstryingtoincreaseorganisationalandteamharmonyandproductivity.Unfortunatelymanyemployeesresentcompulsorybondingandoftenregardtheseexercisesasanuisance.ApaperpublishedthisweekbyUniversityofSydneyresearchersinSocialNetworkshasreportedparticipants'feelingsaboutteam-buildinginterventions(干預(yù)),revealingethicalimplicationsinforcingemployeestotakepart."Manypeopleseeteam-buildingactivitiesasawasteoftime,sowedecidedtolookinmoredepthatwhat'sbehindthis,"saidthepaper'sleadresearcher,DrPeterMatous."Teamsareformed,combinedandrestructured.Staffarerelocatedandofficespacesredesigned.Allthisisdonewiththeaimofimprovingworkplaceefficiency,collaborationandcohesion.Butdoesanyofthiswork?"saidDrMatous.Thestudyfoundthatteam-buildingexerciseswhichfocusedonthesharingofandinterveningintopersonalattitudesandrelationshipsbetweenteammemberswereconsideredtooheavy-handedandintrusive,althoughtheresearcherssaysomedegreeofopennessandvulnerabilityisoftennecessarytomakedeep,effectiveconnectionswithcolleagues."Someparticipantswereagainstteam-buildingexercisesbecausetheywereimplicitlycompulsory.Theydidn'twelcomemanagement'sinterestintheirlivesbeyondtheirdirectworkperformance,"saidMatous."Manypeopledon'twanttobeforcedintohavingfunormakingfriends,especiallynotontopoftheirbusyjobs.Theyfeelmanagementisbeingtoonosyortryingtocontroltheirlivestoomuch."Inthisstudytheresearchersrecommendedaself-disclosure（表露)approachwhereparticipantswereguidedthroughaseriesofquestionsthatallowedthemtoincreasinglydisclosepersonalinformationandvalues.Themethodiswell-testedandhasbeenshowntoincreaseinterpersonalcloseness.However,tobesuccessfulitmustbevoluntary.Theresearcherssaidtherearenumerousschoolsofthoughtthatproposedifferingpsychologicalmethodsforstrengtheningrelationships."Withcaution,manyrelationalmethodstoimproveteamsandorganisationscanbeborrowedfromotherfields.Thequestionishowtoapplythemeffectivelytostrengthenanentirecollective,whichismorethanjustthesumofindividualrelationships,"saidDrMatous.Whyaremanyemployeesopposedtoteam-buildingexercises?Theyconsidersuchexercisesannoying.Theydeemtheseexercisescounter-productive.Theyseesuchexercisesasharmfultoharmony.Theyfindtheseexercisestoodemanding.WhatdidDrMatousandhisteamdotofindoutwhetherteam-buildingactivitieswouldimproveproductivity?Theyrelocatedteamleadersandtheiroffices.Theyrearrangedthestaffandofficespaces.Theyredesignedthestaff'sworkschedules.Theyreintroducedsomecohesiveactivities.WhatdidthestudybyMatous'teamfindaboutsometeam-buildingexercises?Theywereintendedtosharepersonalattitudesandrelationships.Theyimplicitlyaddedtothevulnerabilityofteammembers.Theyinvariablystrengthenedconnectionsamongcolleagues.Theywereregardedasanintrusionintoemployees'privatelives.Howcantheself-disclosureapproachsucceedinincreasinginterpersonalcloseness?Byallowingparticipantsfreedomtoexpressthemselves.Byapplyingittoemployeeswhovolunteertoparticipate.Byarranginginproperorderthequestionsparticipantsface.Byguidingemployeesthroughaseriesofstepsinteambuilding.WhatdoesMatousthinkofthevariouspsychologicalmethodsborrowedfromotherfieldsforstrengtheningrelationships?Theymustbeusedincombinationforanentirecollective.Theyprioritisesomepsychologicalaspectsoverothers.Theyplacetoomuchstressonindividualrelationships.Theyhavetobeappliedcautiouslytobeeffective.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therearecloseto58,000homelesspeopleinLosAngelescounty.That'sashockingandtragicnumberforaregionthat'shometosomeoftherichestpeopleintheworld.Atlast,theproblembecamesoacute-andsovisible-thatLosAngelestookextraordinaryaction.ThecitizensofthiscountyvotedinNovember2016andagaininMarch2017toraisetheirowntaxes.Thepurposeofsuchactionistofundanenormousmultibillion-dollar,10-yearprogramofhousingandsocialservicesforthehomeless.Asaresult,LosAngelesnowhasitsbestchanceindecadestocombathomelessness.Thisisanopportunitythatsurelyallcanagreemustnotbewasted.Itisneitherdesirablenormorallyacceptablenorpracticalforthiscountytotoleratethesignsofdeprivationmorecommonlyassociatedwiththeslums(貧民窟ofRiodeJaniero.Howdidwegethere?Foraslongastherearehomelesspeople,thereisatendencytoblamethevictimsthemselvesfortheircondition—toseetheirfailuretothriveasanissueofcharacter,ofmoralweakness,oflaziness.Butcontrarytopopularbelief,thehomelessinLosAngelesarenotmostlymentallyillordrugaddictedorfrightening,althoughasizableminoritymeetsomeofthosedescriptions.Today,agreaterandgreaterproportionofpeoplelivingonthestreetsaretherebecauseofbadluckoraseriesofmistakes,orbecausetheeconomyforgotthem—theylostajoborwereevicted(逐出)orfledanabusivemarriagejustasthehousingmarketwasgrowingincreasinglyunforgiving.Thechallengesareenormous,evenifeveryoneispullinginthesamedirection.ThatrealitywasdrivenhomethismonthbyanewLosAngelesHomelessServicesAuthorityreportshowingthatthecounty'shomelesspopulationisgrowingfasterthanthesupplyofnewhousing.Intheworld'srichestnation,homelessnessonthisscaleshouldbeshamefulandshocking.ButmostL