2017年高二英語人教版選修8教案：Unit1AlandofdiversityPeriod3 Word版含解析

Period3Grammar—ReviseNounClauses（astheSubject，ObjectandPredicative）整體設(shè)計教學內(nèi)容分析Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammaritem：nounclauses.Nounclausesarethedependentclausesthatserveasnounsinparticularsentences.Inthisunit，wemainlydealwithnounclausesasthesubject，objectandpredicative.三維目標設(shè)計Knowledgeandskills1．Togetthestudentstoknowthedifferenttypesofnounclauses.2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesofthenounclauses.3．Toenablethestudentstousethenounclausescorrectlyandproperly.Processandmethods1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickoutthesentencesincludingthenounclausesfromthereadingpassage，makeoutwhatkindofnounclausestheyareandtranslatethemintoChinese.2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesofnounclausesbycomparingalotofexamplesentences.3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinRevisingusefulstructuresonPage5forstudentstomasternounclauses.4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizethestructureandusagesofnounclauses.5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage49andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.Emotion，attitudeandvalue1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.2．Todevelopthestudents'abilityofcomparingandsummarizing.教學重點、難點1．Thechoiceofconjunctions.2．Thewordorderinnounclauses.教學過程Step1Revision1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.3．TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish：（1）要滿足每一個人絕非易事。_____________________________________________（2）多數(shù)亞洲人以大米為食。_______________________________________________Suggestedanswers：（1）Itisbynomeanseasytosatisfyeveryone.（2）MostoftheAsiansliveonrice.Step2WarmingupAskthestudentstounderlinethenounclausesinthefollowingsentences.Thentellwhattypesofnounclausestheyare.1．Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2．Thatiswhatheworriedabout.3．Ithinkthatwomencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.Suggestedanswers：1．Whether_it_is_true（nounclauseasthesubject）2．what_he_worried_about（nounclauseasthepredicative）3．that_women_can_reach_very_high_achievements_in_many_fields_of_science（nounclauseastheobject）Step3GrammarlearningⅠ．Analysisandexplainthenounclausesasthesubject，objectandpredicative.1．賓語從句（Nounclausesastheobject）賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作句子的賓語，可以作動詞的賓語，也可作介詞和形容詞的賓語。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有連詞that，if，whether；連接代詞who，what，which，whose；連接副詞when，where，how，why等。（1）作動詞的賓語Jimsuggested（that）wegotoHuangshanduringthesummer.Idon'tknowwhatshehasboughtforherfatheronhisbirthday.（2）作介詞的賓語Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwellwecooperate.Iwascuriousaboutwhatwewoulddonext.（3）作形容詞的賓語I'mafraidthatI'vemadeamistake.Wearenotsurewhether/ifwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.2．表語從句（Nounclausesasthepredicative）表語從句在復(fù)合句中作句子的表語，放在連系動詞后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。常接表語從句的系動詞有be，look，remain，seem等。引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有連詞that，whether；連接代詞who，what，which；連接副詞when，where，how，why等。另外，還有常用的“thereason...that（不用because）”和“it（this，that）isbecause...”結(jié)構(gòu)等。如：Itseemsthatitisgoingtosnow.HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.3．主語從句（Nounclausesasthesubject）在句子中充當主語的從句叫做主語從句，由that，what，whether，which，when，where，how，why等引導(dǎo)。如：Thatknowledgeispowerisafamoussayingknowntoall.ItisdisappointingthatTomcan'tcome.Whowillspeakatthemeetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.Whichteamhaswonthecompetitionisstillunknown.Ⅱ．Askthestudentstopaymoreattentiontothefollowing：1．名詞性從句語序要用陳述句語序。2．幾組重要連詞的區(qū)別：if/whether；that/what；what/whatever；who/whoever；etc.3．It作形式主語或形式賓語代替主語從句或賓語從句。4．根據(jù)具體情景選擇適當?shù)倪B詞。Step4SummingupTrytohelpthestudentsdrawthefollowingconclusions：1．Inobjectclauses“that”isoptionalandcanbeomitted.Butinpredicativeandsubjectclauses“that”isnecessaryandcannotbeomitted.2．Youshouldpayattentiontothewordorderinthenounclause.Normalwordorderisusedinit.3．Inordertokeepthesentencebalanced，weoftenuse“it”astheformalsubject，whichreplacestherealsubject.4．Thesubordinateconjunction“whether”canintroduceallthenounclauses，whilethesubordinateconjunction“if”canonlyintroduceanobjectclauseusedastheobjectofaverb.Step5Grammarpractice1．Choosethesuitableconjunctions.（1）______（whether/if）themeetingwillbeheldisstillaproblem.（2）Ithasnotbeendecidedyet______（who/whom）willbesentthere.（3）We'llcallthebaby______（whatever/nomatterwhat）nameyoulike.（4）Thisis______（what/where）ourproblemlies.（5）Marywroteanarticleon______（what/that）theteamthoughtwasthereasonfortheirlosingthegame.（6）After______（what/which）seemedhoursofwaiting，finallyitwasourturntodoit.（7）Hedidn'tworkhard，andthat's______（why/because）hefailedintheexam.（8）It'samazing______（asif/how）they'vemanagedtogeteverythingfinishedsoquickly.Suggestedanswers：（1）Whether（2）who（3）whatever（4）where（5）what（6）what（7）why（8）how2．DoExercise4inRevisingusefulstructuresonPage5.3．DotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage49.Firstaskstudentstodotheexercisesindividually，andthenletthemdiscussandchecktheiranswerswiththeirpartners，andfinallygivethemthecorrectanswersanddealwithanyproblemstheymightmeet.Step6LearningmoreaboutthegrammarAskstudentstogobacktoPages1-3andreadthroughthereadingpassageCaliforniatopickoutthesentenceswithnounclausesandthentranslatethemintoChinese.Suggestedanswers：1．Exactlywhenthefirstpeoplearrivedinwhat_we_now_know_as_California，noonereallyknows.最早一批移民具體是什么時候到達我們今天稱之為加利福尼亞的地方的，誰也說不清楚。2．ScientistsbelievethatthesesettlerscrossedtheBeringStraitintheArctictoAmericabymeansofalandbridgewhichexistedinprehistorictimes.科學家們認為這些遷居者通過一條史前時期曾經(jīng)存在的大陸橋穿越北極地區(qū)的白令海峽到達美洲。3．Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們相信，過不了多久國籍相混的程度將會非常之大，以至于不再有主要的種族或文化群體，而僅僅是一個多種族和文化的混合體。Step7Playingagame1．Getstudentstoformgroupsof6.2．Letstudentsplaythegame“IthinkIcan...”．Askthestudentstotaketurnstothinkaboutwhattheycandotowinthechampionship.Maketheirownsentencesasinterestingandimaginativeastheycan.Writedownthesixbestonesandsharethemwiththeclass.Step8Exercises1．Translatethefollowingsentences，payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedparts.（1）What_he_told_mewasonlyhalf-truth.（2）Whatever_is_worth_doingshouldbedonewell.（3）Whether_he_comes_or_notmakesnodifference.（4）When_we_can_begin_the_expeditionisstillaquestion.（5）How_he_is_going_to_do_itisamystery.（6）Itdoesn'tmakemuchdifferencewhether_he_attends_the_meeting_or_not.（7）Itseemedinconceivable_that_the_pilot_could_have_survived_the_crash.（8）It_is_strangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.（9）Itseemsthat_it_is_going_to_snow.（10）Thequestionremainswhether_we_can_win_the_majority_of_the_people.Suggestedanswers：（1）他告訴我的只是些半真半假的東西而已。（2）任何值得做的事情都應(yīng)該做好。（3）他來不來都沒有關(guān)系。（4）我們何時才能開始這次考察仍然懸而未決。（5）他準備怎么做這個事情是個謎。（6）他參不參加會議沒有多大關(guān)系。（it沒有翻譯）（7）駕駛員在飛機墜毀之后竟然還能活著，這簡直不可思議。（it翻譯為“這”）（8）真奇怪，她竟然沒有看出自己的缺點。（it不用翻譯，還可以用“奇怪的是……”這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)來翻譯）（9）看起來要下雪了。（10）問題仍然是我們能否贏得大多數(shù)人民群眾的支持。2．Fillintheblankswithproperconjunctions.Itseems（1）______theBritishjustcan'tlivewithoutsportsofsomekind.AfamousFrenchhumoristoncesaid（2）______thisis（3）______theEnglisharefondofdoing（4）______childrendointheirdailylives，anditlooks（5）______menshallalwaysremainboysandwomengirls!Thefact（6）______you'llseebothchildrenandgrown-upsknockingaballisreallyamazing！Takingallamateurandprofessionalsportsintoconsideration，therecanbenodoubt（7）______footballisatthetopofthelist.Doyouknow（8）______thefootballoriginated？It'ssaid（9）______itdatesfromthebeginningofthe19thcentury.Whenasked（10）______theyenjoythesportsornot，theanswerisabsolutely“yes”．Indeed，（11）______theyneedmostisjustpleasureandagoodmoodgainedfromthegame.That's（12）______footballissopopularinthiscountry.Suggestedanswers：（1）that（2）that（3）because（4）what（5）asif（6）that（7）that（8）when（9）that（10）whether（11）what（12）whyStep9ClosingdownbyaquizShowstudentsthefollowingonthescreenorgiveouttestpaperstothem.1．Yourskirtisreallysplendid，but______weactuallyneedisnotaskirtbutanewpairofshoes.A．thatB．whatC．whetherD．how2．______madememoresurprisedwas______thepickpocketaskedmyfriendtolendhimsomemoneyandheagreed.A．What；thatB．That；thatC．What；whetherD．It；that3．Whatdoyouthinkofthissuggestionthatwe______lunchatthenewrestaurant?A．willhaveB．a(chǎn)regoingtohaveC．wouldhaveD．have4．Idon'tknowthereason______youwereabsentfromthemeeting，butI'msurethatsomeonewilltellmethereason______youhaven'ttoldme.A．why；thatB．that；whyC．because；whichD．ofwhich；that5．______madehismothersurprisedwas______TomSmithshouldhavebeenfooledbysuchasimpletrick.A．What；thatB．What；becauseC．That；whatD．That；because6．AccordingtoBillGates，theidea______wecanplayvideogamesandreceivee-mailswithoutsittingatakeyboardwillcometrue.However，itisunclear______itwillbeonsaleand______itwillcost.A．which；that；whatB．/；whether；howmuchC．that；when；whatD．that；that；howmuch7．Thedoctorsaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepeople'sfear______theywouldbeinfectedbytheseriousdisease.A．whetherB．whichC．whenD．that8．Wordhascome______insomewesterncountriesdemandforgraduatesfromMBAcourseshasfallendown.A．thatB．whileC．whenD．a(chǎn)s9．ThoughFrancescongratulatesherselfonhersuccess，shesometimeswonders______willhappentoherprivatelife.A．itB．whatC．whichD．that10．IthinkMotherwouldliketoknow______I'vebeenuptosofar，soIdecidetosendheraquicknote.A．whichB．whyC．whatD．how11．Weshouldbeawareofthefact______richcountriesarebecomingricherwhilepoorcountriesarebecomingpoorer.A．whichB．whatC．thatD．where12．Theyareteachersanddon'trealize______tostartandrunacompany.A．whatittakesB．whattakesitC．whattheytakeD．whattakesthem13．Ihaven'tsettledthequestion______I'llgobackhome.A．a(chǎn)sB．whatC．whetherD．if14．Onsteppingintohisroomhewasastonishedtofindthefloorcoveredwith______lookedliketinyinsects.A．thatB．somethingC．whatD．a(chǎn)nything15．Inordertoencouragethestudentstostudyhard，theschooldecidestogivethescholarshipto______winsthefirstintheexam.A．whoB．whomC．whomeverD．whoever16．______Tomwasworriedaboutseemedobvioustoeveryonepresentatthemeeting.A．WhatB．WhichC．ThatD．How17．—Itremainstobeseen______theplancanbeputintopractice.—Itdependsonyourdetermination.A．whetherB．whereC．howD．that18．Manyexpertsholdtheview______teacherdevelopmentis______thekeytobettereducationlies.A．which；whereB．which；inwhichC．that；whereD．that；inwhich19．After______seemedanendlesswait，itwashisturntohavethejobinterview.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．who20．Therewasasuddenflash，followedby______soundedlikefireworks.A．whatB．somethingC．itD．whichSuggestedanswers：1-5BADAA6-10CDABC11-15CACCD16-20AACCAStep10Homework1．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.2．Previewlisteningandspeaking.Step11Reflectionafterteaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教學參考名詞性從句考點透視在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞或名詞詞組，它在復(fù)合句中能擔任主語、賓語（含介詞賓語）、表語、同位語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句用法要點多，牽涉面廣，與其他句式結(jié)合性強，是中學英語語法中的重點和難點，也是高考的?？键c?？键c一：從句引導(dǎo)詞的正確選用這是近幾年高考試題中關(guān)于名詞性從句考查的重中之重。解決這一問題可以依據(jù)從句中“缺什么成分補什么成分”的原則確定是選用從屬連詞、連接代詞還是連接副詞，然后再根據(jù)意思選用具體的連接詞。名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞很多，歸納起來可分為以下三類：功能例詞從屬連詞只起連接作用，不充當從句中的任何成分that，whether，if連接代詞既起連接作用，本身又作從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語who，whom，whose，which，what以及wh-＋ever連接副詞既起連接作用，本身又作從句的狀語when，where，how，why以及wh-＋ever如果名詞性從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語或定語，則選用連接代詞。如果名詞性從句中缺少狀語，則選用連接副詞。如果名詞性從句中不缺成分，僅僅陳述事實，則用that引導(dǎo)。例如：Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview，pleaserememberthegoldenrule：Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly______hewants.在你面試回答問題時，請記住這條黃金法則：永遠給予他人他確實想要的東西。分析：give后接雙賓語，賓語從句中wants后面缺少賓語，故填what。Webelieved______hehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.我們相信他已經(jīng)掙了足夠多的錢來建造房屋。分析：賓語從句中不缺少成分，且陳述一件事實，用that引導(dǎo)。______willwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。分析：分析題干可知這是一個含有主語從句的復(fù)合句，主語從句中缺少主語，且指人，用who引導(dǎo)。Ihavenoidea______helearnedaboutit.我不知道他是怎么知道的。分析：同位語從句中不缺少主語和賓語，根據(jù)意思，句中缺少表示方式的狀語，應(yīng)填連接副詞how?！究祭竣伲?010北京高考）PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel，DavidCopperfield，was______itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.A．whatB．thatC．whyD．whether【解析】B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，was后面是一個表語從句，從句中不缺少成分，而是陳述事實，故用that引導(dǎo)。②（2009江蘇高考）ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave______couldbelife'smostimportantdecision—marriage—almostentirelyuptoluck.A．a(chǎn)sB．thatC．whichD．what【解析】Dleave后接賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，故選用what引導(dǎo)。③（2010四川高考）Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon______hegoeswith，whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.A．whatB．whoC．howD．why【解析】B分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。謂語動詞dependon后面跟了一個who引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，who指人，在從句中作介詞with的賓語。④（2010重慶高考）Toimprovethequalityofourproducts，weaskedforsuggestions______hadusedtheproducts.A．whoeverB．whoC．whicheverD．which【解析】A分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。asksb.forsuggestions意為“向某人征求建議”，但在該句中的sb.為whoever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，句中既缺少引導(dǎo)詞同時又缺少主語，應(yīng)選用whoever，相當于anybodywho。who具有疑問意義，與句意不符。⑤（2010湖南高考）Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo______ittakestosaveherlife.A．whicheverB．howeverC．whateverD．whoever【解析】C分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。賓語從句中的動詞takes后缺少賓語，應(yīng)選用whatever，相當于anythingthat。⑥（2010全國高考Ⅰ）Wehaven'tdiscussedyet______wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.A．thatB．whichC．whatD．where【解析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句。賓語從句中不缺少主語或賓語，故排除B、C兩項，但從句中缺少地點狀語，應(yīng)選用where。⑦（2010全國高考Ⅱ）—Haveyoufinishedthebook?—No.Ihavereadupto______childrendiscoveredthesecretcave.A．whichB．whatC．thatD．where【解析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句，題中從句作介詞to的賓語。從句中不缺少主語或賓語，故排除A、B兩項。結(jié)合答語的含義“我讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)神秘山洞的地方了”可以判斷，從句中缺少地點狀語，應(yīng)選用where。⑧（2010湖南高考）Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew______shewassoangry.A．whereB．whetherC．thatD．why【解析】D分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是一個含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句，題中從句作動詞knew的賓語。從句中缺少原因狀語，應(yīng)選用why。考點二：從句中的語序在名詞性從句中一律使用陳述句語序，特別要注意由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句，切不可受特殊疑問句的影響而用了疑問句語序。例如：IwonderwhenS.H.E.iscomingtoJinantohaveaconcert.我想知道S.H.E.什么時候來濟南開演唱會。ThebigproblemfortheU．S.ishowthey_can_settlethefinancialcrisis.美國面臨的重大的問題是如何解決金融危機?！究祭縏heseshoeslookverygood.Iwonder______.A．howmuchcosttheyareB．howmuchdotheycostC．howmuchtheycostD．howmucharetheycost【解析】CIwonder后接賓語從句，從句中要用陳述句語序。當連接詞含疑問意義時，學生往往受漢語習慣影響錯誤地使用疑問句語序。克服這種錯誤的關(guān)鍵是要找準從句中的主語和謂語。此題B項是疑問句語序，A、D項語法錯誤，故只能選C項?？键c三：從句中的時態(tài)在名詞性從句中，要注意從句謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)一致關(guān)系。例如：Iknow（that）Jolinwill_releasehernewalbumsoon.我知道蔡依林很快要出新專輯了。（當主句是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，賓語從句可以根據(jù)需要用各種時態(tài)。）Susandecidednottoworkontheprogramathomebecauseshedidn'twantherparentstoknowwhatshewas_doing.蘇珊決定不在家里設(shè)計這個程序，因為她不想讓她父母知道她正在干什么。（當主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句則須用過去的某種時態(tài)。）【考例】（2009北京高考）Scientistshavemanytheoriesabouthowtheuniverse______intobeing.A．cameB．wascomingC．hadcomeD．wouldcome【解析】A句意為：“科學家關(guān)于宇宙是怎樣形成的有很多理論。”宇宙的形成是過去的事情，應(yīng)使用一般過去時?？键c四：從句中的語氣在某些賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣。1．賓語從句中（1）在表示“堅持、要求、命令、建議”之類的動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞要用“should＋動詞原形”形式，should可省略。常見的此類動詞有insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，demand，request，require，recommend等。例如：Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody（should）obeytherules.門口的哨兵堅持每個人都應(yīng)遵守規(guī)章制度。Hedemandedthathe（should）besenttoworkthere.他要求被派往那兒工作。需特別注意的是：動詞suggest表示“暗示、表明”，insist表示“堅持說（認為）”時，其后的賓語從句中的謂語動詞則要用相應(yīng)的陳述語氣。例如：Onthedeadboy'sfacetherewasahalfsmilethatseemedtosuggestthathewashappytohavegivenhislifeforhiscountry.在那位死去的孩子的臉上有一絲微笑，似乎表明他很高興把自己的生命獻給了自己的祖國。TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.那位阿拉伯人堅持說他從來沒有看見過那頭駱駝。【考例】（2009浙江高考）Thedoctorrecommendedthatyou______swimaftereatingalargemeal.A．wouldn'tB．couldn'tC．needn'tD．shouldn't【解析】Drecommend后接賓語從句時，從句中應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，動詞用“should＋動詞原形”的形式。（2）在動