個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用技巧

20個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用技巧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征：1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生；2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞除ought和have外，后面只能接不帶to的不定式；3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s；4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。一、比較can和beableto1）cancould表示能力；可能(過去時(shí)用could),只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。beableto可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon.他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用beabletoa.位于助動(dòng)詞后。b.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。c.表示過去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。d.用于句首表示條件。e.表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could。HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.=HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.注意：could不表示時(shí)態(tài)1）提出委婉的請(qǐng)求，（注意在回答中不可用could）?！狢ouldIhavethetelevisionon?——Yes,youcan./No,youcan't.2）在否定，疑問句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。Hecouldn'tbeabadman.他不大可能是壞人。二、比較may和might1）表示允許或請(qǐng)求；表示沒有把握的推測(cè)；may放在句首，表示祝愿。MayGodblessyou!Hemightbeathome.注意：might表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may小。2）成語(yǔ)：may/mightaswell，后面接不帶to的不定式，意為"不妨"。Ifthatisthecase,wemayaswelltry.典型例題Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。三、比較haveto和must1)兩詞都是'必須'的意思，haveto表示客觀的需要，must表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請(qǐng)來。(客觀上需要做這件事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事）2)haveto有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must可用于間接引語(yǔ)中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.3）在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中：don'thaveto表示"不必"mustn't表示"禁止"，Youdon'thavetotellhimaboutit.你不一定要把此事告訴他。Youmustn'ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。四、must表示推測(cè)1)must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè)，意為"一定"。2)must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式。Youhaveworkedhardallmustbetired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷）Hemustbeworkinginhisoffice.他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較：Hemustbestayingthere.他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。Hemuststaythere.他必須呆在那。3)must表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí)，must要接完成式。Ididn'thearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。4)must表示對(duì)過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，must后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式?！猈hydidn'tyouanswermyphonecall?——Well,Imusthavebeensleeping,soIdidn'thearit.5)否定推測(cè)用can't。IfTomdidn'tleavehereuntilfiveo'clock,hecan'tbehomeyet.如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。五、表示推測(cè)的用法can,could,may,might,must皆可表示推測(cè)，其用法如下：1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測(cè)，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。Idon'tknowwheresheis,shemaybeinWuhan.2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。Atthismoment,ourteachermustbecorrectingourexampapers.這時(shí)，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)。WewouldhavefinishedthisworkbytheendofnextDecember.明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。表示對(duì)過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。Yourmothermusthavebeenlookingforyou.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5）推測(cè)的否定形式，疑問形式用can't,couldn't表示。Mikecan'thavefoundhiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟摹Ｗ⒁猓篶ould,might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)，其推測(cè)的程度不如can,may。六、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過去分詞1)may(might)have+donesth,can(could)have+donesth表示過去，推測(cè)過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philipmay(might)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.Philipcan(could)havebeenhurtseriouslyinthecaraccident.2)musthave+donesth，對(duì)過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。——Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.——Shemusthavegonebybus.3)oughttohavedonesth,shouldhavedonesth本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實(shí)上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。Yououghtto(should)havebeenmorecarefulinthisexperiment.Heoughtnottohavethrowntheoldclothesaway.（事實(shí)上已扔了。）oughtto在語(yǔ)氣上比should要強(qiáng)。4)needn'thavedonesth本沒必要做某事Idressedverywarmlyforthetrip,butIneedn'thavedoneso.Theweatherwashot.5)wouldliketohavedonesth本打算做某事Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle,butIwasverybusythen.七、should和oughttoshould和oughtto都為"應(yīng)該"的意思，可用于各種人稱。——Oughthetogo?——Yes.Ithinkheoughtto.表示要求，命令時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣由should（應(yīng)該）、hadbetter最好）、must（必須）漸強(qiáng)。八、hadbetter表示"最好"hadbetter相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。hadbetterdosthhadbetternotdosthItisprettycold.You'dbetterputonmycoat.She'dbetternotplaywiththedog.hadbetterhavedonesth表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，意為"本來最好"。Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier.九、wouldrather表示"寧愿"wouldratherdowouldrathernotdowouldrather…than…寧愿……而不愿。還有wouldsooner,hadrather,hadsooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。IfIhaveachoice,Ihadsoonernotcontinuemystudiesatthisschool.Iwouldratherstayherethangohome.=Iwouldstayhereratherthangohome.典型例題----Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?

----Which___do?A.doyouratherB.wouldyouratherC.willyouratherD.shouldyourather答案B。本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞rather的用法，wouldrather+dosth意為"寧愿"，本題為疑問句，would提前，所以選B。十、will和would注意：1）wouldlike；Wouldliketodo=wantto想要，為固定搭配。Wouldyouliketogowithme?2）Willyou…?Wouldyoulike…?表示肯定含義的請(qǐng)求勸說時(shí)，疑問句中一般用some,而不是any。Wouldyoulikesomecake?3）否定結(jié)構(gòu)中用will，一般不用would,won'tyou是一種委婉語(yǔ)氣。Won'tyousitdown?十一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答方式問句肯定回答否定回答Needyou…?Yes,Imust.No,Ineedn'tMustyou…?/don'thaveto.典型例題1）——CouldIborrowyourdictionary?——Yes,ofcourse,you____.A.mightB.willC.canD.should答案表示委婉的語(yǔ)氣，并不為時(shí)態(tài)。答語(yǔ)中ofcourse，表示肯定的語(yǔ)氣，允許某人做某事時(shí)，用can和may來表達(dá)，不能用could或might。復(fù)習(xí)：will與you連用，用來提出要求或下命令。should與you連用，用來提出勸告。2）——ShallItellJohnaboutit?——No,you___.I'vetoldhimalready.A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't答案A。needn't不必，不用。wouldn't將不,不會(huì)的。mustn't禁止、不能。shouldn't不應(yīng)該。本題為不需要，不必的意思，應(yīng)用needn't。3）——Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.——______.A.Idon'tB.Iwon'tC.Ican'tD.Ihaven't答案B.will既可當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表請(qǐng)求、建議、也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表"意愿、意志、決心"，本題表示決心，選B。十二、帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶to的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有四個(gè)：oughtto,haveto,usedto,beto,如加上havegotto,(=must),beableto，為六個(gè)。它們的疑問，否定形式應(yīng)予以注意：Dotheyhavetopaytheirbillbeforetheendofthemonth?Shedidn'tusetoplaytennisbeforeshewasfourteen.Yououghtnottohavetoldherallaboutit.Oughthetoseeaheartspecialistatonce.?oughtto本身作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞使用。其他的詞作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，變疑問，否定時(shí)，須有do等助動(dòng)詞協(xié)助。典型例題Tomoughtnotto___meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.toldtellingD.havingtold答案A。由于后句為過去時(shí)，告訴秘密的動(dòng)作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，但它在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞oughtto后，所以用have。十三、比較need和dare這兩詞既可做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用，又可做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用。作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí),后面的to時(shí)?？梢员皇÷浴?)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：need（需要,要求）need+n./todosth2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為neednot。Needyougoyet?Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn't.3)need的被動(dòng)含義：need,want,require,worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)：needdoing=needtobedone07年高考第一輪復(fù)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)90例()1."Mustwedoitnow""No,you______."(79)

A.won'tB.needn'tC.can'tD.don't

()2.Hesaidhewouldrathernot______itrightnow.(79)

A.doingB.todoC.doD.tobedoing

()3.You____tothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.(81)

A.needn'ttocomeB.don'tneedcome

C.don'tneedcomingD.needn'tcome

()4.I_____playfootballthanbasketball.(82)

A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.prefer

()5."MayIpickaflowerinthegarden""________".(83)

A.No,youneedn'tB.Not,please

C.No,youmustn'tD.No,youwon't

()6.You'dbetter__________latenexttime.(83)

A.don'tB.notbeC.notbeingD.won'tbe

()7.---CanIleavethisdooropenatnight---You_____betternot.(85)

A.shouldB.hadC.wouldD.could

()8.Putonmoreclothes.You____befeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.(85)

A.canB.couldC.wouldD.must

()9.Ithoughtyou_____likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.(86)

A.mayB.mightC.couldD.must

()10.It'sfreezingoutside.You____putonyourovercoat.(87)

A.hadbettertoB.hadbetter

C.wouldbetterD.wouldbetterto

()11.Theplantisdead.I____itmorewater.(87)

A.willgiveB.wouldhavegiven

C.mustgiveD.shouldhavegiven

()12.Therewasplentyoftime.She______.(87)

A.mustn'thavehurried'thavehurried

C.mustnothurryD.couldn'thavehurried

()13.You____returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.(88)

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynot

()forherbecauseshenevercame.(88)

A.needn'twaitB.shouldn'thavewaited

C.mustn'twaitD.mustn'thavewaited

()storieswhenwewereyoung.(88)

A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotelling

C.usedtotellD.usedtotelling

()ismypen---I_____it.(88)

A.mightloseB.wouldhavelost

C.shouldhavelostD.musthavelost

()17.Ididn'thearthephone.I_____asleep.(89)

A.mustbeB.musthavebeen

C.shouldbeD.shouldhavebeen

()18.He____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.(90)

A.mighthavegivenB.mightgive

C.mayhavegivenD.maygive

()19.Acomputer______thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.(91)

A.can'tB.couldn'tC.maynotD.mightnot

()20.Jenny_______havekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.(91)

A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would

()wegoskatingorstayathome---Which_______doyourself(92)

A.doyouratherB.wouldyourather

C.willyouratherD.shouldyourather

()22.---CouldIborrowyourdictionary---Yes,ofcourseyou________.(92)

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

()23.We_____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.(92)

A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudy

C.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudy

()24.Tomoughtnotto____meyoursecret,buthemeantnoharm.(93)

A.havetoldB.tellC.betellingD.havingtold

()25.Peter_____comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.(93)

A.mustB.mayC.canD.will

()26.ItoldSallyhowtogetthere,butperhapsI______itoutforher.(94)

A.hadtowriteB.musthavewritten

C.shouldhavewrittenD.oughttowrite

()'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.---_________.(94)

don'tB.Iwon'tC.Ican'thaven't

()ItellJohnaboutit---No,you____.I'vetoldhimalready.(N94)

A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't

()29.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jack____behereatanymoment.(95)

A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can

()30.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.

---It___acomfortablejourney.(95)

A.can'tbeB.shouldn'tbe

C.musthavebeenD.couldn'thavebeen

()31.---YourphonenumberagainI_____quitecatchit.---It's9568442.(95)

A.didn'tB.couldn'tC.don'tD.can't

()32.Johnny,you___playwiththeknife.You___hurtyourself.(96)

A.won't…can'tB.mustn't…may

C.shouldn't…mustD.can't…shouldn't

()Ihelpyou,sir---Yes,Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_____.(96)

A.didn'tworkB.willnotworkC.can'tworkD.doesn'twork

()hewasthere,he____gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

(1996年上海,12)

A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might

()35.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_________getout.

(NMET1997年,24)

A.hadtoB.wouldC.wasabletoD.could

()canIcomeforthephotosIneedthemtomorrowafternoon.(98)

---They______bereadyby12:00.

A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need

()stayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.---Oh,didyouYou_____withBarbars.(98)

A.couldhavestayedB.couldstay

C.wouldstayD.musthavestayed

()youstayforlunch---Sorry,_____.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.(99)

A.Imustn'tB.Ican'tC.Ineedn'tD.Iwon't

()39.Therewasalotoffunatyesterday'sparty.You_____come,butwhydidn'tyou.

(1999年上海,14)

A.musthaveB.shouldC.needhaveD.oughttohave

()youcomingtoJeff'sparty

---I'mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.(2000)

A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might

()41.Sorry,I'mlate.I_____haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.

(NMET2000春季北京,20)

A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will

()42.MysistermethimattheGrandTheatreyesterdayafternoon,sohe_________yourlecture.(2000年春季上海,23)

A.couldn'thaveattendedB.needn'thaveattended

C.mustn'thaveattendedD.shouldn'thaveattended

()43.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________homewithoutaword.

(NMET2022年,33)

A.mustn'tleaveB.shouldn'thaveleft

C.couldn'thaveleftD.needn'tleave

()44.Youcan'timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman_______besorudetoalady.

(2022年上海,34)

A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would

()45.—Writetomewhenyougethome(NMET2022年春季北京,6)—_________.

A.ImustB.IshouldC.IwillD.Ican

()46.Mr.Bushisontimeforeverything.How_________itbethathewaslatefortheopeningceremony(2022年春季上海,27)

A.canB.shouldC.mayD.must

()47.----Ihearyou'vegotasetofvaluableAustralianIhavealook

----Yes,certainly.(NMET2022春季北京高考,29)

A.DoB.MayC.ShallC.Should

()48.Oh,I'mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I______somuchfriedchickenjustnow.

(2022上海春季高考,28)

A.shouldn'teatB.mustn'thaveeaten

C.shouldn'thaveeatenD.mustn'teat

()49.—IsJohncomingbytrain

—Heshould,buthe_______not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.(NMET2022年,25)

A.mustB.canC.needD.may

()50.—Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.

—It_______truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere..(NMET2022年北京,31)

A.maynotbeB.won'tbeC.couldn'tbeD.mustn'tbe

()51.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates________remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.(2022年上海,27)

A.canB.willC.mayD.shall

()52.----Theroomissodirty._______wecleanit----Ofcourse.2022北京春季高考)

A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do

()53.Aleft-luggageofficeisaplacewherebags_______beleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.(NMET2022年,28)

A.shouldB.canC.mustD.will

()54.How_____yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle(2022年上海卷,29)

A.canB.mustC.needD.may

()English-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who_______havetakenit

(2022年春季上海,24)

A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would

()56.Childrenunder12yearsofageinthatcountry________beunderadultsupervisionwheninapubliclibrary.(2022年上海,28)

A.mustB.mayC.canD.need

()57.---Isn'tthatAnn'shusbandoverthere

---No,it______behim—I'msurehedoesn'twearglasses.(2022年全國(guó)卷I,29)

A.can'tBmustnotCwon'tDmaynot

()betired—you'veonlybeenworkingforanhour.(2022年全國(guó)卷II,29)

A.mustnotB.won'tC.can'tD.maynot

()oftenseelightsinthatemptyhouse.DoyouthinkI_______reportittothepolice

(2022年全國(guó)卷III,21)

A.shouldB.mayC.willD.can

()White________at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidn'tshowup.

(NMET2022年全國(guó)卷III,27)

A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive

C.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving

()61.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere

—Well,ifyou________know,hernameisMabel.(NMET2022年天津,31)

A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall

()62.—Mum,I'vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o'clock._____IgooutandplaywithTomforawhile—No,I'mafraidnot.Besides,it'srainingoutsidenow.

(NMET2022年遼寧,29)

A.Can'tB.Wouldn'tC.MaynotD.Won't

()63.—Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.

—You_____I'mnotaskingyouforit.(NMET2022年江蘇,22)

A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn't

()64.I______payTracyavisit,butI'mnotsurewhetherIwillhavetimethisSunday.

(NMET2022年浙江,26)

A.shouldB.mightC.wouldD.could

()65.—I'lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.

—You_______herlastweek.(NMET2022年福建,32)

A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetold

C.musttellD.shouldhavetold

()66.—Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.

—You______havemycomputerifyoudon'ttakecareofit.(NMET2022年湖南,28)

A.shan'tB.mightnotC.needn'tD.shouldn't

()67."Theinterest________bedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,"declaredthejudge.(NMET2022年重慶,24)

A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall

()mightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustomers________notlikethedesignofthefurniture.(2022年春季上海,29)

A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need

()69.—Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace

—Sorry,Iamnotsure.Butit________be.(NMET2022年湖北,26)

()havelostoneofmygloves.I________itsomewhere.(NMET2022年春季北京,27)

A.mustdropB.musthavedropped

C.mustbedroppingD.musthavebeetdropped

()tothelocalregulations,anyonewhointendstogetadriver'slicence_______takeaneyetest.(2022年春季上海,29)

A.canB.mustC.wouldD.may

(),you_____leaveallyourclothesonthefloorlikethis!(NMET2022年全國(guó)卷I,26)

'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynot

()73.John,lookatthetime._____youplaythepianoatsuchalatehour

(NMET2022年全國(guó)卷II,19)

A.MustB.CanC.MayD.Need

()_____havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.(NMET2022年北京卷,26)

A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn'tD.can't

()____beanydifficultyaboutpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepracticedalotinthedrivingschool.(NMET2022年上海卷,27)

A.mustn'tB.shan'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't

()____havebeenmorethansixyearsoldwhentheaccidenthappened.

(NMET2022年天津,14)

A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.mustn'tD.needn't

()cakeisverysweet.You__________alotofsugarinit.(NMET2022年遼寧卷,26)

puthaveputputhaveput

()78.----ThewomanbiologiststayedinAfricastudyingwildanimalsfor13yearsbeforeshereturned.

----Oh,dear!She_______alotofdifficulties!(NMET2022年江蘇卷,31)

A.maygothroughB.mightgothrough

C.oughttohavegonethroughD.musthavegonethrough

()WorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledtheWorldWideWaitbecauseit______beveryslow.(NMET2022年浙江卷,9)

A.shouldB.mustC.willD.can

()80.—Catherine,Ihavecleanedtheroomforyou.

—Thanks.You_______it.Icouldmanageitmyself.(NMET2022年福建卷,31)

'tdo'thavedone'tdo'thavedone

()81.—DoyouknowwhereDavidisIcouldn'tfindhimanywhere.

—Well.He________havegonefar—hiscoat'sstillhere.(NMET2022年湖北卷,32)

't't't't

()I_______plantodoanythingIwantedto,I'dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.(NMET2022年湖北卷,33)

toto

()83.----Lucydoesn'tmindlendingyouherdictionary.

----She____.I'vealreadyborrowedone.(NMET2022年湖南卷,24)

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't

()84.---I'vetakensomeoneelse'sgreensweaterbymistake.

---It______Harry's.Healwayswearsgreen.(NMET2022年廣東卷,33)

A.hastobeB.willbeC.mustn'tD.couldbe

()85.Iwasonthehighwaywhenthiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They______atleast150kmanhour.(NMET2022年重慶卷,33)

A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoing

C.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone

()86.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe______haveenteredfree.(NMET2022年山東卷,34)

A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.need

()isneverlateforwork.Whyisheabsenttoday

---Something______tohim.(NMET2022年江西卷,22)

happenB.shouldhavehappened

C.couldhavehappenedD.musthavehappened

()88.Helen______goonthetripwithus,butsheisn'tquitesureyet.(NMET2022年安徽卷,26)

A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can

()Don'tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_______toMiamibuttoNewYork

----Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.(NMET2022年江蘇卷,33)

A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;that

C.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;what

()graduatedfromcollegeataveryyoungage.

---Oh,he______havebeenaverysmartboythen.Answers

1-5BCDAC6-10BBCBB11-15DBCBC

16-20DBAAB21-25BCCAB26-30CBACD

31-35ABDAC36-40BABDD41-44AABCC

46-50ABCDC51-55DBBAC56-60AACAA

61-65CADAD66-70ADCAB71-75BBABC

76-80BDDDB81-85CBCDB86-90ADCBDN種形容詞排序的記憶方法形容詞排序的問題一直是一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的問題，很多英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者發(fā)現(xiàn)難以找到適合自己的記憶方法。為此，我特地從網(wǎng)上找到了一些幫助記憶的方法，僅供參考。

一、英文形容詞的排序：OPSHACOM

關(guān)于兩個(gè)及兩個(gè)以上形容詞修飾同一名詞的順序，一般語(yǔ)法書都有講解。如《郎文英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》描述為：品質(zhì)→尺寸→新舊→樣式→顏色→產(chǎn)地→過去分詞。

為了讓英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者容易記住這些形容詞的順序，英國(guó)廣播公司（BBC）在英語(yǔ)教學(xué)節(jié)目"ProfessorGrammar"中提出了一種稱為OPSHACOM的方法?，F(xiàn)介紹給廣大讀者。

OPSHACOM是個(gè)拼綴詞，它的涵義如下：

OP---opinion評(píng)述性詞。如beautiful，wonderful，expensive，terrible，

horrible，lovely，silly，ugly等。

SH---size＆shape表大些形狀的詞。如long，short，round，square等。

A---age表新舊的詞。如new，old等。

C---colour表顏色的詞。如red，black，purple，brown，yellow等。

O---origin表產(chǎn)地的詞。如Italian，Spanish，Canadian，Australian，Japanese

等。

M---material表材料的詞。如leather，glass，rubber，metal，silk，plastic等。

按此順序，"一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮茄克"的英語(yǔ)為"abeautifulnewblackItalianleatherjacket。"

理論上一個(gè)名詞前可有9個(gè)形容詞，但在實(shí)際語(yǔ)言材料中一般不超過5個(gè)。因此，掌握了本方法可基本解決形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)的順序問題。

學(xué)習(xí)OPSHACOM方法時(shí)還要注意以下事項(xiàng)：

1各修飾詞（即形容詞）可有缺項(xiàng)，但順序不變。如：asmallSwisswatch。

2當(dāng)表大小（或長(zhǎng)短）的詞與表形狀的詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，大小（或長(zhǎng)短）在前，形狀在后。如：alargesquaretable。

3定冠詞、不定冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性所有格、數(shù)詞等位于句首。

4數(shù)詞位于定冠詞、指示代詞后。（數(shù)詞不與不定冠詞或形容詞性所有格連用）

5分詞最靠近所修飾的名詞。如：hisnewJapanesetimingdevice；threescottishhandmadeskirts。

下面請(qǐng)讀者做幾道練習(xí)題：

用OPSHACOM法將下列各題括號(hào)中的單詞按正確順序排列：

1．（Canadian，extraordinary，an，new）play

2．（green，a，large）garden

3．（gold，British，the，round）coin

4．（ugly，writing，the，steel，seven）desks

5．（purple，Russian，nice，long，her）coat

答案：

1．a(chǎn)nextraordinarynewCanadianplay

2．a(chǎn)largegreengarden

3．theroundBritishgoldcoin

4．thesevenuglysteelwritingdesks

5．hernicelongpurpleRussiancoat

二、口訣法：“美小圓舊黃，中國(guó)木書房”在外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，記憶是一個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié)。和外語(yǔ)相比，學(xué)生一般對(duì)自己母語(yǔ)更敏感，記憶母語(yǔ)更容易，印象更深刻。當(dāng)學(xué)生在記憶外語(yǔ)詞匯或語(yǔ)言知識(shí)時(shí)，總喜歡將其與母語(yǔ)掛鉤。教師應(yīng)結(jié)合具體情況利用母語(yǔ)幫助學(xué)生理解記憶。例如學(xué)生對(duì)名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)的順序弄不清，考試中經(jīng)常出錯(cuò)。利用下面替代字組成的句子幫助記憶，教學(xué)效果就比較好?！懊佬A舊黃，中國(guó)木書房”。注：“美”代表“描述或性質(zhì)類”形容詞；“小”代表“大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低、胖瘦類”形容詞；“圓”代表“形狀類”形容詞；“舊”代表“新舊、年齡類”形容詞；“黃”代表“顏色類”形容詞；“中國(guó)”代表“來源、國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處類”形容詞；“木”代表“物質(zhì)、材料、質(zhì)地類”形容詞；“書”代表“用途、類別、功能、作用類”形容詞；“房”代表“中心名詞”。例如：twobeautifulnewgreensilkeveningdress兩件又新又漂亮的絲綢女士晚禮服；thathungry,tired,sleepylittlematchgirl那個(gè)饑餓、疲勞、困倦的賣火柴的小女孩；anoldlargebrickdininghall一個(gè)舊的紅磚砌的大餐廳。

三、巧記形容詞排列順序

請(qǐng)看下面一道高考題：

This____girlLinda"sconusin.(2022北京卷)A.prettylittleSpanishB.SpanishlittleprettyC.SpanishprettyD.liiteprettySpanish此題選A。該題時(shí)對(duì)形容詞排列順序的考察。在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)名詞有多個(gè)形容詞修飾時(shí)，就有它們的先后順序。下面的口訣可幫你記住這一先后順序，也是解題的關(guān)鍵。限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形狀年齡和新老；顏色國(guó)籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠；其中，“限定詞”包括：冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、或數(shù)詞，它位于各類形容詞前。它本身分為三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定詞有all、half、both、分?jǐn)?shù)和倍數(shù)；中位限定詞有冠詞、指示代詞、物主代詞等；后位限定詞有基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，但序數(shù)詞位于基數(shù)詞前。如:bothmyhands、allhalfhisincome等?！懊枥L”性形容詞如：beautiful、bad、cold、great等?！按箝L(zhǎng)高”表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低等一些詞。表示“形狀”的詞如：roundsquare等?！皣?guó)籍”指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的詞?！安牧稀钡脑~如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等?！白饔妙悇e”的詞如：medical,college，writingdesk，policecar等。另一口訣:縣官行令殺國(guó)材?？h，表示限定詞；官，指的是冠詞；行，表示性質(zhì)的定語(yǔ)；令，表示年齡；殺，表示顏色；國(guó)，表示國(guó)籍；材，表示材料。你有興趣的話,不妨也試試編個(gè)"順口溜"玩玩.

四、熟記規(guī)則：大小形狀和新老，顏色國(guó)際出（處）材料多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一名詞時(shí)的順序是固定的，其順序?yàn)椋孩俟谠~、指示代詞、不定代詞、物主代詞+②序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+③一般性描繪形容詞+④大小、長(zhǎng)短、形狀+年齡、新舊+⑥顏色+⑦國(guó)籍、出處+⑧材料+⑨用途、類別+⑩最終修飾的名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例如：abeautifullittleredflower一朵美麗的小花。thosefourold-looking,grey,woodenhouses所以這個(gè)翻譯題我有一個(gè)中國(guó)制造木制紅色的大的園桌子可以翻譯成ihaveabig,round,red,wooden,chinesetable形容詞的次序有一個(gè)口訣。可以記下來：大小形狀和新老，顏色國(guó)際出（處）材料英語(yǔ)中的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)許多學(xué)生常常在該用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)時(shí),錯(cuò)用了被動(dòng)形式。本文就何時(shí)應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義總結(jié)如下。

1.表示被動(dòng)含義的主動(dòng)動(dòng)詞

1)系動(dòng)詞沒有被動(dòng)形式,但有些系動(dòng)詞常表示被動(dòng)意義。常見的有taste(吃起來),sound(聽起來),prove(證明是),feel(摸上去感到)等,例如:

Yourreasonsoundsreasonable.

你的理由聽起來很合理。

Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.

良藥苦口。

2)一些與can't(不能)或won't(不會(huì))連用的動(dòng)詞。常用的有:lock(鎖住),shut(關(guān)上),open(打開),act(上演)等,例如:

Thedoorwon'topen.這門打不開。

Itcan'tmove.它不能動(dòng)。

3)一些與well(很),easily(容易地),perfectly(十分地)等連用的動(dòng)詞,如:sell(銷售),wash(洗),clean(打掃),burn(燃燒),cook(煮)等,例如:

Thebooksellswell.

這種書很暢銷。

Theseclotheswashwell.

這些衣服很耐洗。

4)用在“主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”句型中的一些不及物動(dòng)詞,例如:

Thismaterialhaswornthin.

這料子已磨薄了。

Thedusthasblownsintosthehouse.

灰塵被風(fēng)吹進(jìn)了房子。

2.表示被動(dòng)含義的主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

1)動(dòng)名詞

beworth(值得),want(=need)(需要),need(需要),require(需要)后所用的動(dòng)名詞,必須用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示被動(dòng)意義,例如:

Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter(=needtobelookedafter)carefully.

這些幼苗將需要小心的照管。

Yourhairwants/needscutting(needstobecut).

你的頭發(fā)該剪了。

2)不定式

作定語(yǔ):不定式結(jié)構(gòu)常表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,即用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這種情形最常出現(xiàn)在“There+be+主語(yǔ)+修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式”和“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(或雙賓語(yǔ))+修飾賓語(yǔ)的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,特別是“主語(yǔ)+have+賓語(yǔ)+修飾賓語(yǔ)的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中,例如:

Givehimsomebookstoread.

給他點(diǎn)書看。

Hehasafamilytosupport.

他要維持一個(gè)家庭。

Thereisalotofworktodo.

有許多工作要干。

當(dāng)然,這里的不定式在個(gè)別情形下也可用被動(dòng)形式,含義區(qū)別不大,例如:

Thereissomuchworktodo/tobedone.

有這么多事情要做。

Givemethenamesofthepeopletocontact/tobecontacted.

把那些要聯(lián)系的人的名字給我。

在“主語(yǔ)+be+形容詞+不定式”句型中,有時(shí)主語(yǔ)是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯賓語(yǔ),這是應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。適合于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞比較多,最常用的有amusing(有趣的),cheap(便宜的),dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的),difficult(困難的),easy(容易的),important(重要的),nice(令人愉快的),pleasant(愉快的)等,例如:

Thatquestionisdifficulttoanswer.

那個(gè)問題不容易回答。

Chickenslegsarenicetoeat.

雞腿很好吃。

在beto結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式:這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng),被動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。然而,由于古英語(yǔ)的影響,下列動(dòng)詞仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義:〖HJ*5/9〗

Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?

這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)應(yīng)由誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)?

Thehouseistolet.此房出租。

Alotremainstodo.還剩下許多事情要做。

3)特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

①“be+under+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu):這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示某事“在進(jìn)行中”。例如:

Thebuildingisunderconstruction.

這座樓正在建設(shè)中。

Thewholematterisunderdiscussion(=isbeingdiscussed).

整個(gè)事情正在討論中。

經(jīng)常這樣用的名詞還有repair(修理),treatment(治療),question(質(zhì)問)等。

②“beworthyof+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu):在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞和句子的主語(yǔ)有被動(dòng)含義,如:

amanworthyofsupport一個(gè)值得支持的人

nothingworthyofpraise沒有值得稱道的事情

此結(jié)構(gòu)后通常用表示行為的名詞,而不用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。to的用法歸納一：表示相對(duì)，針對(duì)

bestrange(common,new,familiar,peculiar,distinct,sensitive,immune,vulnerable,indispensable)to

Airisindispensabletolife.

Aircraftsarevulnerabletointerferencecausedbyradiation.

Thisinjectionwillmakeyouimmunetoinfection.

二：表示對(duì)比，比較

1：以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞，后接介詞to表示比較，如：superior,inferior,prior,senior,junior

Thequarrelhappenedpriortomyarrival.

2:一些本身就含有比較或比擬意思的形容詞，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogous

AissimilartoBinmanyways.

3：表示一些先后順序的形容詞，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatory

Subsequenttothewar,theyreturnedtotheirhometown.

4:to也偶爾出現(xiàn)在個(gè)別動(dòng)詞之后,與動(dòng)詞形成固定詞組,表示比較,如:preferto,compareto,incontrastto

comparetosth.表示比喻或比擬,而comparewithsth.表示比較,如:

Worldisusuallycomparedtoastage

Comparedwithhispast,hehaschangedalot.

Prefer的正確句型是:preferAtoB或preferdoingAtodoingB,但當(dāng)prefer后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí),表示比較的介詞to就要改成ratherthan,如:

Theundauntedsoldierpreferreddeathtosurrender.

Manypeoplepreferspendingmoneytoearningmoney.

Theyprefertopursuecareersratherthanremainhomeashousewives.

5:to與及個(gè)別的名詞構(gòu)成比較之意,如:alternative

Goingtoanunderwaterconcertisagreatalternativetogoingtodinner.

三:表示修飾關(guān)系

1:表示回復(fù),反應(yīng)意思的詞,如:answertoquestion,

solutiontoproblem,responsetoinquiry,reactiontoproposal,replytoletter

2:表示建筑構(gòu)件的詞匯,如:entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,path

theapproachtoabridge引橋

theapproachtoscience

Halfofthepopulationwasestimatedtohavenoaccesstothehealthservice.

Theaccesstoeducation接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)

Theaccesstomedicalcare享受公費(fèi)醫(yī)療的權(quán)利

3:表示人物職位和官銜的詞,如:assistanttomanager,ambassadortoSpain,successortotradition,heirto

throne,deputytotheNationalPeople’sCongress

advisortothePrimeMinister

4:表示權(quán)利和許可的詞匯,如:right,admission

Theemployeefinallygottheadmissiontotheboardroom.

Everyonehasanequalrightto……..

5:表示柵欄或障礙的詞匯,如:barstodevelopment,thebarriert