華中科技大學(xué)考博英語歷年真題詳解

2003年春季華中科技大學(xué)考博英語真題及詳解考試科目：英語適用專業(yè)：PartⅠ.Listeningcomprehension(10%)Directions:Inthispartyouwillhearthreelongtalksorpassages.Eachwillbereadonlyonce.Attheendofeachtalkorpassage,therewillbesomequestions.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Question1to4arebasedonthetalkyou’vejustheard.1.A.Shewantshimtolistentothenoise.B.Shewantshimtoexaminethemachine.C.Shewantshimtowashtheclothes.D.Shewantshimtorepairthemachine.2.A.Heasksthewomantoignorethenoise.B.Heasksthewomantolethimfinishhisreading.C.Heasksthewomantoringtheshopandaskthemtorepairit.D.Heasksthewomantostopwashing.3.A.Themanfromtheshopoverchargedthenforhiswork.B.Themanfromtheshopchargedthemtwopounds.C.Themanfromtheshoprefusedtorepairthemachine.D.Themanfromtheshopfixedthemachinecarelessly.Questions4to6arebasedonthepassageyou’rejustheard.4.A.Differentbusinessesproducedifferentproducts.B.Eachworkerplaysacertainroleinfinishingacertainproduct.C.Theworkersareveryspecializedexpertsintheirfield.D.Eachworkerisonlyconcernedwithhisownwork.5.A.Itiseasyfortheworkerstobecomeexperts.B.Itwillreducethelabor.C.Itwillraisetheproductivity.D.Itwillmaketheworkerssatisfiedwiththeirwork.6.A.Thedivisionoflaborbringsaboutmassproduction.B.Mostworkershavenoideahowtheproductionisoperatedonthewhole.C.Workersseemtobeunabletogetasenseofsatisfactionfromworking.D.Workingononesmalldutydayafterdayisdull.Questions7to10arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.7.A.Wewillnothaveenoughfoodtoeat.B.Alltheoilthatdrivesourcarwillbeusedup.C.Theearthwillbecomeicecrowded.D.TherewillbelittlewaterleftonEarth.8.A.Venusistoohot.B.Thereisnowaterthere.C.Thereisnooil.D.Itislackingincarbondioxide.9.A.Alargeamountofcarbon.B.Heavyrain.C.Thepropertemperature.D.Enoughwater.10.A.ThewaytoensurethesurvivalofthehumanraceonVenus.B.ThewaytobreedorganismsonVenus.CThewaytoreducethepopulationoftheEarth.D.Thewaytoconquertheuniverse.【答案】略查看答案PartⅡ.Cloze(15%)Directions:Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Withthepassageoftime,thewaveofchangealsospreadtocities.Theexpression“one’s(11)_____onmarriage”begantoappear,asdidtheconceptof“marriageasoneoflife’smany(12)_____,”The(13)_____ofmenstillunmarriedintheirthirtiesreachedabouttwentypercentinthenational(14)_____takenin1985,andtheadvent(到來)ofa“hard-to-get-marriedera”begantobe(15)_____talkedabout.Thefigureapparently(16)_____30percentin1995.(17)_____,thehighestrateofmalesinglesintheirthirtieswas(18)_____inTokyo,includingthatthe(19)_____numberofunmarriedmenwasnolongera(20)_____ruralproblem.Whataboutwomen?Theproportionofunmarriedwomeninthe25-59agebracket(年齡段)hasbeenincreasing(21)_____about5percenteveryfiveyearsuntilitisnownearly50percent.Whataretherealreasonswomen(22)_____nottomarry?Earlyon,twowerecited:womenarenowbettereducatedandmorewomenareinterestedinworkingoutsidethehome.AministryofEducationsurvey(23)_____in1989foundthat35.8percentofmalehighschoolgraduateswentontocollegeoruniversity(includingjuniorcollege)-lessthanthe36.8percentforfemalegraduates.Thiswasthefirsttimesincetheministrystartedsuchsurveysthatwomenhadoutnumberedmeningoing(24)_____highereducation.(25)_____,theproportionofwomenwithjobsoutsidethehomereached49.5percentin1989.11.A.outlookB.lookoutC.conceptionD.belief12.A.optionsB.alterationsC.substitutesD.preferences13.A.rationB.rationC.proportionD.rates14.A.investigationB.censusC.searchD.approach15.A.verymuchB.fairlyC.ratherD.much16.A.transcendedB.proceededC.precededD.exceeded17.A.NonethelessB.NeverthelessC.MoreoverD.Likewise18.A.recordedB.providedC.grantedD.supplied19.A.growingB.grownC.advancingD.promoting20.A.primaryB.primeC.primarilyD.chief21.A.forB.atC.byD.with22.A.offerB.longC.chooseD.expect23.A.sponsoredB.conductedC.imposedD.enforced24.A.withB.inforC.aboutD.after25.A.IncidentallyB.VirtuallyC.MeanwhileD.Furthermore【答案與解析】11.C conception觀念，概念。outlook展望，前景。lookout監(jiān)視，守望處。12.A 句意：婚姻是人生中的眾多選擇之一。option選擇。alteration改動(dòng)，更改。substitute代替品。preference偏愛，優(yōu)惠。13.C 與后文第三段proportionofunmarriedwomen照應(yīng)。proportion比例，百分比。ration定量，配給量。rate率，比率。14.A investigation調(diào)查，研究。census人口普查，官方統(tǒng)計(jì)。search搜尋，探尋。approach方法，步驟。15.D 句意：即將到來的結(jié)婚難時(shí)代被討論得相當(dāng)多。16.B proceed向某一方向前進(jìn)。transcend超越，超出。precede領(lǐng)先于。exceed超越，勝過。17.D likewise同樣地。nonetheless雖然如此，但是。nevertheless然而，不過。moreover此外。18.B 30歲單身男性比率最高的是日本。19.D growing成長的。promoting上升的，提升的。advancing進(jìn)步，推進(jìn)。20.C primarily起初地，主要地，副詞修飾形容詞rural。21.C increaseby以…的速率增長。22.A 句意：婦女們給出的不結(jié)婚的真正原因是什么？23.B 實(shí)施一項(xiàng)調(diào)查：conductasurvey。24.D goafter追求，追逐。goinfor參加（比賽等）。goabout從事，著手。25.A incidentally伴隨而來的。virtually實(shí)際上，事實(shí)上。meanwhile同時(shí)。furthermore此外，而且。PartⅢ.Readingcomprehension(40)Directions:Inthispart,thereare4readingpassages.Readthefollowingpassagescarefullyandanswerthequestionsattheendofeachpassage.ChoosethebestanswertoeachquestionandwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.Passage1Theevolutionofintelligenceamongearlylargemammalsofthegrasslandswasdueingreatmeasuretotheinteractionbetweentwoecologicallysynchronizedgroupsoftheseanimals,thehuntingcarnivoresandtheherbivoresthattheyhunted.Theinteractionresultingfromthedifferencesbetweenpredatorandpreyledtoageneralimprovementinbrainfunctions;however,certaincomponentsofintelligencewereimprovedfarmorethanothers.Thekindofintelligencefavoredbytheinterplayofincreasinglysmartercatchersandincreasinglykeeperescapersisdefinedbyattention—thataspectofmindcarryingconsciousnessforwardfromonmomenttothenext.Itrangesfromapassive,free-floatingawarenesstoahighlyfocused,activefixation.Therangethroughthesestatesismediatedbythearousalsystem,anetworkoftractsconvergingfromsensorysystemstointegratingcentersinthebrainstem.Fromthemorerelaxedtothemorevigorouslevels,sensitivitytonoveltyisincreased.Theorganismismoreawake,morevigilant;thisincreasedvigilanceresultsintheapprehensionofevermoresubdesignalsastheorganismbecomesmoresensitivetoitssurroundings.Theprocessesofarousalandconcentrationgiveattentionitsdirection.Arousalisatfirstgeneral,withafloodingofimpulsesinthebrainstem;thengraduallytheactivationischanneled.Thusbeginsconcentration,theholdingofconsistentimages.Onemeaningofintelligenceisthewayinwhichtheseimagesandotheralertlysearchedinformationareusedinthecontextofpreviousexperience.Consciousnesslinkspastattentiontothepresentandpermitstheintegrationofdetailswithperceivedendsandpurposes.Theelementsofintelligenceandconsciousnesscometogethermarvelouslytoproducedifferentstylesinpredatorandprey.Herbivoresandcarnivoresdevelopdifferentkindsofattentionrelatedtoescapingorchasing.Althoughinbothkindsofanimals,arousalstimulatestheproductionofadrenalineandnorepinephrinebytheadrenalglands,theeffectinherbivoresisprimarilyfear,whereasincarnivorestheeffectispossiblyaggression.Forboth,arousalattunestheanimaltowhatisahead,perhapsitdoesnotexperienceforethoughtasweknowit,buttheanimaldoesexperiencesomethinglikeit.Thepredatorissearchinglyaggressive,innerdirected,tunedbythenervoussystemandtheadrenalhormones,butawareinasenseclosertohumanconsciousnessthan,say,ahungrylizard’sinstinctivesnapatapassingbeetle.Usingpasteventsasaframework,thelargemammalpredatorisworkingoutarelationshipbetweenmovementandfood,sensitivetopossibilitiesincoldtrailsanddistantsounds-andyesterday’sunforgottenlessons.Theherbivorepreyisofadifferentmind.Itsmoodofwarinessratherthansearchinganditsattitudeofgeneralexpectancyinsteadofanticipatingaresilk-thinveilsoftranquilityoveranexplosiveendocrinesystem.26.Theauthorofthispassageisprimarilyconcernedwith_____.A.demonstratingtheimportanceofhormonesinmentalactivityB.disprovingtheviewthatherbivoresarelessintelligentthancarnivoresC.establishingadirectlinkbetweenearlylargemammalsandtheirmoderncounterpartsD.describingarelationshipbetweenanimals,intelligenceandtheirecologicalroles27.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinanimalslessintelligentthanthemammals_____.A.PastexperienceislesshelpfulinensuringsurvivalB.muscularcoordinationislesshighlydevelopedC.thereislessneedforcompetitionamongspecies.D.attentionismorehighlyfocused.28.Theauthorreferstoahungrylizard(Para.3)primarilyinorderto_____.A.offeranobjectiontopsuggestionsthatallanimalslackconsciousnessB.makeadistinctionbetweenhigherandlowerlevelsofconsciousnessC.broadentheapplicationofhisargumentbyincludinganinsectivoreasanexampleD.demonstratethesimilaritybetweenthehuntingmethodsofmammalsandthoseofnon-mammals29.According,tothepassage,improvementinbrainfunctionamongearlylargemammalsresulted_____.A.improvementofthecapacityformemoryamongherbivoresandcarnivoresB.interactionofearlylargemammalswithlessintelligentspeciesC.persistenceoffree-floatingawarenessinanimalsofthegrasslandsD.interplayofpredatorandprey30.Accordingtothepassage,astheprocessofarousalinanorganismcontinues,allofthefollowingmayoccurEXCEPT_____.A.theproductionofadrenalineB.theproductionofnorepinephrineC.anexpansionoftherangeofstatesmediatedbythebrainstemD.aheighteningofsensitivitytostimuli【答案與解析】26.D 本文主要講的是動(dòng)物之間的生態(tài)學(xué)關(guān)系以及intelligence關(guān)系。27.A 最后一段說大型哺乳動(dòng)物能夠usingpastevents，但Theherbivorepreyisofadifferentmind，它們強(qiáng)調(diào)小心謹(jǐn)慎，由此可判斷對(duì)animalslessintelligent來說先前的經(jīng)驗(yàn)不會(huì)太有用。28.A 作者舉這個(gè)例子是為了證明awareinasenseclosertohumanconsciousnessthan，選項(xiàng)A表述意思符合。29.D 從第二段Thekindofintelligencefavoredbytheinterplayofincreasinglysmartercatchersandincreasinglykeeperescapers可以判斷大腦功能的變化引起了捕食者和獵物的交互變化。30.C 選項(xiàng)A，B，D在文中第二、三段分別對(duì)應(yīng)句為arousalstimulatestheproductionofadrenalineandnorepinephrine；sensitivitytonoveltyisincreased。Passage2MostpeoplecanmeasuretheirstatusatworkbyfourP’s:paychecks,promotions,performancereviews,andperks(特殊待遇).Forwomen,itispaychecksthatoftenspeaktheloudestabouthowemployersvaluethem—orundervaluethem.Despitegains,manywomenstillearn,onaverage.Just74centsforeverydollarmenearn,reportstheU.S.CensusBureau.Dothemath:That’s26centsperdollarlost.Overaworkinglifetime,thepoientialincomeaddsuptostaggeringlosses.Asoneexample,theInstituteforWomen’sPolicyResearchinWashingtoncalculatesthattheaverage29-year-oldworkingwomanwithacollegedegreewilllose990.000dollarstothepaygapoverhercareer.Toemphasizejusthowmuchthatincomegapbetweenmenandwomencostswomen,theWorkingWomen’sDepartmentoftheAFL-CIOlastweeklaunchedanunusualWebsite—www.aflcio.Org/women/equalplay.htm—forequalpay.Avisitortothesitesimplyentershercurrentsalary,agegroup,andeducationlevel.Thenthescreenshowshowmuchthepaygapcouldcosther.Forahypothetical40-year-oldcollegeeducatedwomanearning40,000dollars,thefigureis844,107dollars.Inreallife,ofcourse,somewomen’slosseswillbeflower—orevennonexistent.Wagediscriminationhasbeenagainstthelawfor35years.Yetsystematicunderpaymentonthebasisofsexandracestillpervadestheworkplace.SincetheequalPayActwassignedin1963,thewagegaphasclosedattherateoflessthanhalfapennyayear,givingnewmeaningtotheterm“snail’space.”Womensecretaries,forexample,earnabout100dollarsaweeklessthanmaleclerks,accordingtotheNationalCommitteeonPayequity.Forwomenlawyers,medianweeklyearningsarenearly300dollarslessthanthoseofmalelawyers.Medianpayforwomenprofessorsis170dollarslessthantheirmalecounterparts.Thelistofdisparitiesgoeson.Twomythspersist.Thefirstisthatwomenworkforextras—vocations,clothes,secondcars.Intruth,womenworkforthesameeconomicreasonsmendo—topaytherent,buyfood,financecollegeeducation,saveforretirement,andyes,buyextrastoo.Thesecondmythholdsthatthepaygapisawoman’sissue.Nottrue.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichonebestshowsemployers’evaluationofwomenemployees?A.Paychecks.B.Promotions.C.Performancereviews.D.Perks.32.Women’saverageincomeis_____ofmen’saccordingtooneoftheU.S.Censusbureau’sreports.A.26%B.morethan70%C.80%D.85%33.TheequalpayWebsiteisopened_____.A.toappealforhigherpayforwomenB.toexpandthevisitor’svisionC.tomakeknownhowseriousthepaygapforwomenisD.toarousewomentostrugglefortheirownbenefits34.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Americanwomencouldn’tgetequalpaywithmenforlackofalawagainstwagediscrimination.B.TheEqualPayAct,signedin1963,isnoteffectiveingettingridofwagediscrimination.C.Althoughthereisalowforequalpay,itsenforcementisnotsatisfactory.D.Inreallife,allthewomen’slossesarelowerthan40,000dollarsayear.35.Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis_____.A.ThePayGapforWomenB.WageDiscriminationC.TheEqualPayactD.FourP’s【答案與解析】31.A 根據(jù)第一段Forwomen,itispaychecksthatoftenspeaktheloudestabouthowemployersvaluethem—orundervaluethem.，可知對(duì)女性職員來說薪水最能說明employers對(duì)他們的評(píng)價(jià)，選項(xiàng)A正確。32.B 根據(jù)第一段manywomenstillearn,onaveragejust74centsforeverydollarmenearn,reportstheU.S.CensusBureau，可以推斷出女性的平均工資只是男性的74%，所以選項(xiàng)B正確，“70%多”。33.C 第三段開頭指出了建立這一網(wǎng)站的目的是Toemphasizejusthowmuchthatincomegapbetweenmenandwomen，選項(xiàng)C符合。34.A 第五段提到了1963年簽署了theequalPayAct來縮小男女之間的薪水差異，所以選項(xiàng)A說“美國婦女不能得到與男性同的的薪水待遇是因?yàn)闆]有這方面的法律來制止工資歧視”，是錯(cuò)誤的。其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以在第五、六段找到相應(yīng)的文字說明。35.B 本文主要講的是男女薪水差異，即薪水支付方面存在歧視，選項(xiàng)B作為文章標(biāo)題比較合適。Passage3Priortoage11,childrentendtotelltheirparentswhat’sontheirminds—infact,parentsarefirstonthelist,saysMichaelRiera,authorofUncommonSenseforParentswithTeenagers.“Thiscompletelyreversesduringtheteenyears,”Rieraexplains.“Theytalktotheirfriendsfirst,thenmaybetheirteachersorcounselorsandtheirparentslast.”Parentswhodoknowwhat’sgoingonintheirchildren’slivesareinthebestpositiontohelpthem.Inathree-yearstudyofmorethan20,000adolescents,LaurenceSteinberg,ProfessorofpsychologyatTempleUniversityinPhiladelphiaandauthorofYouandyourAdolescent,foundthatteenswhoshareddetailsoftheirdailyliveswithparentswerelesslikelytohavetroublewithschoolworkorgetinvolvedwithdrugsoralcohol.Yetmoreandmoreparentshaveatoughtimeconnectingwiththeirteenagers.Herearesevenstepsfroparentswhowanttobreakdownthewallsofsilence:Createa“l(fā)isteningclimate.”“It’snotnaturalforteenagerstowanttositdownandtalk,”saysDr.CandaceErickson,abehavioralanddevelopmentalpediatricianandnewYorkCity’sColumbia-PresbyterianMedicalCenter.“Yourhavetomakeitseemnaturalforthem.”Thekey,sheadds,istocreateanongoing“l(fā)isteningclimate”inyourhome.“Thisway,whenteenshavesomethingimportanttodiscuss,comingtoyouwiththeproblemwillseemlikeanordinarythingtodo.”O(jiān)neofthebestwaystoachievethisistosetasidespecialtimewithyourteenageronaregularbasis.NancyPistoriusofLawrence,Kan,saysthatmakesallthkedifferenceinherrelationshipwithher13-year-olddaughter,Alyssa,“SheandIgooutforlunchsometimes,ortothetheater.Andwehave‘a(chǎn)dventures’together,likeonerecentSundaywhenweattendedapaintingworkshop.”Dinnerisanimportant—butoftenoverlooked—opportunityforsharedfamilytime.AccordingtotheFamiliesandWorkInstitute,anonprofitresearchorganization,nearlyoneinfiveteenagersneverornevereatsdinnerwithhisorherparents.“Itsoundstoosimple,butaccordingtothethousandsofkidsI’veworkedwithover26years,thisreallydoesmakeadifference,”saysNancyRubin,aschoolteacherinMarin,Calif,andautoofAskMeifICare:VoicesfromanAmericanHighSchool,“Justthefactthattheirparentsareinterestedinwhattheyhavetosayeverynightatdinnergivesthemafeelingofbeingrespected.”36.AccordingtoMichaudRiera,childrenrendto_____priortoage11.A.telltheirparentswhat’sontheirmindsfirstB.telltheirparentswhat’sontheirmindslastC.telltheirteacherswhat’sontheirmindsfirstD.turnadeafeartotheirparents’advice37.ThestudyconductedbyLaurenceSteinbergshowsthat_____.A.childrenwhodonottelltheirparentswhat’sontheirmindstendtobeinvolvedwithdrugsoralcohol.B.childrenwhodonotsharedetailsoftheirdailyliveswiththeirparentsaremorelikelytogetinvolvedwithdrugsoralcoholC.childrenwhotelltheirparentswhattheythinkwillkeep2goodrelationshipwiththeirparentsD.moreandmoreparentshavelatoughtimeconnectingwiththeirteenagers38.NancyPistoriusrelationshipwithherdaughterismentionedtosupporttheviewthat_____.A.arrangingspecialtimewithteenagersisquitebeneficialforimprovingtherelationshipbetweenparentsandkids.B.settingasidespecialtimewithchildrenisnaturalforcreatinga“l(fā)isteningclimate”C.discussingimportantproblemsisoneofthebestwaystoconnectwithkidsD.It’snotnaturalforteenagerstowanttositdownandtalk39.AccordingtotheFamiliesandWorkInstitute,thepercentageofteenagerswhorarelyornevereatdinnerwiththeirparentsis_____.A.5%B.20%C.25%D.51%40.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytobethemainideaofthepassagethatfollowsthisone?A.Otherstepsforparentstocommunicatewiththeirteenagers.B.Talkingwithkidseverynightwillmakethemfeelrespected.C.Talkingwithkidsatdinnerisdifferentfromgoingoutfordinnerwiththem.D.thereasonswhyteenagersrarelyornevereatdinnerwiththeirparents.【答案與解析】36.A 根據(jù)第一段Priortoage11,childrentendtotelltheirparentswhat’sontheirminds可知，在11歲之前，孩子們往往會(huì)最先告訴父母自己的所想，選項(xiàng)A正確。37.B 從第二段teenswhoshareddetails…lesslikelyto…getinvolvedwithdrugsoralcohol“樂意與父母分享細(xì)節(jié)的孩子吸毒和酗酒的幾率較小”，可以推斷不愿意與父母分享生活細(xì)節(jié)的孩子則更有可能getinvolvedwithdrugsoralcohol。38.B 第五段舉了Pistorius的例子說明Oneofthebestwaystoachievethisistosetasidespecialtimewithyourteenageronaregularbasis，this指的是上文的creatinga“l(fā)isteningclimate，選項(xiàng)B正確。39.B 根據(jù)第六段AccordingtotheFamiliesandWorkInstitute…nearlyoneinfiveteenagersrarelyornevereatsdinnerwithhisorherparents，oneinfive也就是20%。40.A 本文第三段說Herearesevenstepsforparentswhowanttobreakdownthewallsofsilence前面講了兩種，因此，根據(jù)邏輯，接下來會(huì)繼續(xù)介紹另外5種方法。Passage4PubliccollegesanduniversitiesintheU.S.,subsidizeddirectlybystategovernments,arecapturinganexpandingshareofenrollment.Atthebeginningofthiscentury,morethan80%ofstudentswereenrolledinprivatecollegesanduniversities.Bythemiddleofthecentury,thefigurehadfallentoabout50%.Fromthe1960son,thistrendhasaccelerated.By1990,thecompositionhasreverseditselffromthebeginningofthecentury,withfouroutoffivestudentsenrolledinpublicuniversities.Duringthethreedecadesfrom1965to1995,thepublicsectorabsorbedmorethan86%ofthehighereducationenrollmentincrease.Theevidenceisstrongthatthestategovernmentpolicytocreateasystemofstate-runcollegesanduniversitiesthatdrasticallyunderpricesprivateinstitutionsofhighereducationhasresultedinathreattotheindependenthighereducationsystem.Thisunquestionedmarchawayfromprivatehighereducationtogovernmentcontrolisinefficientandharmfultoacivilizedsociety.Privatecollegesanduniversitiesprovideaneducationalexperiencequiredifferentfromstate-runinstitutions.Privatecollegesaremuchsmaller,withanaverageenrollmentofaround1,500.Theaverageenrollmentformpubliccollegesanduniversitiesismorethanfourtimesgreater,approaching7,000.Ofthe120largestinstitutionsofhighereducationintermsofenrollment,allbuteightarepublic.Eighty-fivepercentofcollegesthatenrolllessthan1,000studentsareprivate.Studentsatprivatecollegesanduniversitiesaremorelikelytointeractwithfacultyandmoresatisfiedwithclassroominstruction.Theycompletetheirdegreesatamuchhigherratethantheircounterpartsatstate-runinstitutions.Privateinstitutionsgrantmoredoctorateandfirstprofessionaldegreesthanstateinstitutions,despitetheirmuchsmallerenrollment.Asidefromofferingadifferenttypeoflearningenvironment,asystemofprivatecollegesanduniversitiesismuchmoreefficientthanagovernment-runand–plannedsystem.Stategovernmentshavecreatedasituationwhereavastmajorityofstudentsattendacollegeforapricethatisfarbelowthetruecostofprovidingtheireducation,andtheeducationalisnotcontrolledverywellbythosewhoowntheinstitution.41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisresponsibleforthedecreasingenrollmentinprivatecollegesanduniversities?A.Publiccollegesanduniversitiesgrantmorecourses.B.Publiccollegesanduniversitiesaremuchlargerthanprivatecollegesanduniversities.C.ThegovernmentdoesnotfinanceprivateinstitutionsbytheStategovernmentchargemuchlessthanprivatecollegesanduniversities.D.PubliccollegesanduniversitiesfinanciallysupportedbytheStategovernmentchargemuchlessthanprivatecollegesanduniversities.42.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardthegovernment’spolicytosubsidizepubicuniversities?A.Positive.B.Indifferent.C.Critical.D.Neutral.43.Howmanymorestudentsdoesapublicuniversityenrollthanaprivateoneonanaverage?A.1,500B.7,000C.6,000D.5,500.44.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Studentsandteachersatprivateuniversitiescommunicatemoreoftenthanthoseatpublicones.B.Classroomteachingatprivateuniversitiesisbetterthanatpublicones.C.Becauseofsmallerenrollment,privateuniversitiesofferfewercoursesthanpublicones.D.Thetuitionofpublicuniversitiesisbelowthecostofprovidingtheireducation.45.Thepassageismainlyorganizedby_____.A.introducingthedecreasingenrollmentofprivateuniversitiesandenlistingtheadvantagesofprivateuniversitiestocriticizethegovernment’spolicyB.introducingaphenomenonandanalyzingitsreasonsC.comparingandcontrastingtwodifferentconceptsD.presentingageneralideaandgivingspecificexamples【答案與解析】41.D 從第二段collegesanduniversitiesthatdrasticallyunderpricesprivateinstitutionsofhighereducation，“那些學(xué)校的費(fèi)用要遠(yuǎn)比私立高等教育便宜”，可以看出私立大學(xué)人數(shù)減少是因?yàn)楣⒋髮W(xué)的收費(fèi)比較低，更具吸引力。42.C 從第二段Thisunquestionedmarch…isinefficientandharmfultoacivilizedsociety“效率低下，對(duì)文明社會(huì)有危害”，可以看出作者對(duì)政府的做法持批評(píng)態(tài)度。43.D 根據(jù)第三段Privatecollegesaremuchsmaller，平均入學(xué)人數(shù)約為1,500而政府平均入學(xué)人數(shù)則approaching7,000，可以得出選項(xiàng)D正確。44.C 文中并沒有說私立學(xué)校因招收人數(shù)少，課程課程數(shù)目就比國立大學(xué)要少，所以選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤。其他三項(xiàng)在文章第四、五段分別都有敘述。45.A 本文第一段介紹了私立學(xué)校decreaseinenrollment，接下來分析了危害性，后面幾段講了私立學(xué)校的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)A正確。PartⅣ.Translation(15%)Directions:ReadthefollowingpassageinChineseandtranslatetheunderlinedpartfromChineseintoEnglishandwriteyourversionontheANSWERSHEET.研究顯示全球性環(huán)境危機(jī)主要有：酸雨、臭氧層出現(xiàn)空洞、沙漠化和溫室效應(yīng)。最明顯的事例寞過于我們?nèi)祟愃芨惺艿降臍鉁厣仙Ｔ诿绹推渌l(fā)達(dá)國家有大量關(guān)于全球升溫對(duì)這些地區(qū)的影響的研究。這些研究表明，最易受影響的是那些依賴于天然降雨、融化的冰雪水、氣溫以及這些變量的極端狀態(tài)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)和沿海作業(yè)便屬于這一類。然而，工業(yè)化國家的大部分經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)幾乎不受氣候影響。像醫(yī)院、通訊、重型制造業(yè)和微電子這些密集型行業(yè)不太受氣候變化的影響。因此，如果要選擇在西班牙或在華沙投資興辦這類企業(yè)，很少有人會(huì)把氣溫當(dāng)作一個(gè)重要的因素來考慮。溫室效應(yīng)對(duì)美國國民總產(chǎn)值影響甚小。美國國民總產(chǎn)值中只有大約3%來自對(duì)氣候敏感的行業(yè)，如農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)