對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學英語學院《357英語翻譯基礎》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2010年對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學英語學院357英語翻譯基礎考研真題及詳解PartⅠ TerminologyandPhraseTranslation(30%)SectionOne:TranslatethefollowingtermsintoChinese(10points).1.dynamicequivalence【答案】動態(tài)對等查看答案2.misstheboat【答案】坐失良機查看答案3.spillthebeans【答案】泄漏秘密查看答案4.semioticdimension【答案】符號學層次查看答案5.postscript【答案】附錄，后記查看答案6.outsourcing【答案】外包查看答案7.transliteration【答案】音譯查看答案8.titfortat【答案】以牙還牙查看答案9.blacksheep【答案】害群之馬查看答案10.over-translation【答案】過度翻譯查看答案SectionTwo:TranslatefollowingtermsintoEnglish(10points).1.電子商務【答案】electroniccommerce查看答案2.對沖基金【答案】hedgefunds查看答案3.次貸危機【答案】subprimecrisis查看答案4.山寨手機【答案】emulationalmobilephone查看答案5.暗箱操作【答案】blackcasework查看答案6.本末倒置【答案】putthecartbeforethehorse查看答案7.破釜沉舟【答案】burnone’sbridges查看答案8.網(wǎng)戀【答案】onlineloveaffair查看答案9.科學發(fā)展觀【答案】ScientificOutlookonDevelopment查看答案10.和諧社會【答案】aharmonioussociety查看答案SectionThree：GivefullformsofthefollowingacronymsandtranslatethemintoChinese(10points).1.MOU【答案】MemorandumofUnderstanding諒解備忘錄查看答案2.GDP【答案】GrossDomesticProduct國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值查看答案3.POW【答案】prisonerofwar戰(zhàn)俘查看答案4.CPU【答案】CentralProcessingUnit中央處理器查看答案5.LC【答案】LibraryofCongress(美國)國會圖書館查看答案6.NGO【答案】Non-GovernmentOrganization非政府組織查看答案7.BBS【答案】BulletinBoardSystem電子公告板查看答案8.LCD【答案】LiquidCrystalDisplay液晶顯示器查看答案9.WHO【答案】WorldHealthOrganization(聯(lián)合國)世界衛(wèi)生組織查看答案10.EAP【答案】EmployeeAssistanceProgram員工幫助計劃查看答案PartⅡ PassageTranslation(120%)SectionOne:TranslatefollowingEnglishpassagesintoChinese(60points).Globalizationisunderstrainasneverbefore.Everywhereitsstressesrumble.Mostofsub-SaharanAfrica,SouthAmerica,theMiddleEast,andCentralAsiaaremiredinstagnationoreconomicdecline.NorthAmerica,WesternEurope,andJapanareboggeddowninslowgrowthandriskrenewedrecession.WarnowbeckonsinIraq.Foradvocatesofopenmarketsandfreetradethisexperienceposesmajorchallenges.Whyisglobalizationsoatrisk?Whyareitsbenefitsseeminglyconcentratedinafewlocations?Canamorebalancedglobalizationbeachieved?Noeasyanswerstothesequestionsexist.Openmarketsarenecessaryforeconomicgrowth,buttheyarehardlysufficient.Someregionsoftheworldhavedoneextremelywellfromglobalization—notablyEastAsiaandChinainrecentyears.Yetsomeregionshavedonemiserably,especiallysub-SaharanAfrica.Thetruthisthateconomicperformanceisdeterminednotonlybygovernancestandards,butbygeopolitics,geography,andeconomicstructure.Countrieswithlargepopulations,andhencelargeinternalmarkets,tendtogrowmorerapidlythancountrieswithsmallpopulations.Coastalcountriestendtooutperformlandlockedcountries.Countrieswithhighlevelsofmalariatendtoendureslowergrowththancountrieswithlowerlevelsofmalaria.Developingcountriesthatneighborrichmarkets,suchasMexico,tendtooutperformcountriesfarawayfrommajormarkets.Thesedifferencesmatter.Ifrichcountriesdon’tpayheedtosuchstructuralissues,wewillfindthatthegapsbetweentheworld’swinnersandloserswillcontinuetowiden.Ifrichcountriesblameunluckycountries—claimingthattheyaresomehowculturallyorpoliticallyunfittobenefitfromglobalization—wewillcreatenotonlydeeperpocketsofpovertybutalsodeepeningunrest.This,inturn,willresultinincreasinglevelsofviolence,backlash,andyes,terrorism.【參考譯文】全球化正在經(jīng)受前所未有的壓力。這種壓力在世界各地轟轟烈烈地持續(xù)著。大部分撒哈拉以南的非洲地區(qū)，南美，中東和中亞全都深陷經(jīng)濟停滯或經(jīng)濟衰退的泥潭。北美，西歐和日本陷入緩慢增長的困境，并面臨著新一輪的經(jīng)濟衰退。而戰(zhàn)爭現(xiàn)在正在伊拉克召喚著。對于那些開放市場和自由貿(mào)易的倡導者來說，這鐘經(jīng)歷提出了重大的挑戰(zhàn)。為何全球化風險這樣大？為何它的利益似乎只集中在少數(shù)幾個地方？更加平衡的全球化能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)嗎？對這些問題，并沒有簡單的答案。開放的市場對經(jīng)濟增長來說是必要的，但卻很難說是充分的。世界上有些地區(qū)，特別是東亞和中國，近些年來從全球化中獲益匪淺，而有的地區(qū)則遭遇困境，尤其是撒哈拉以南的非洲。事實是，經(jīng)濟表現(xiàn)不僅取決于管理的標準，還取決于地緣政治，地理位置和經(jīng)濟結構。人口眾多的國家擁有巨大的內(nèi)部市場，往往比人口較少的國家發(fā)展速度快。沿海國家的表現(xiàn)往往優(yōu)于內(nèi)陸國家；瘧疾肆虐的國家發(fā)展速度慢于瘧疾罕見的國家；毗鄰富裕市場的發(fā)展中國家，比如墨西哥，則遙遙領先于遠離主要市場的國家。這些差異非常重要。如果富國不留意這種結構性的問題，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)世界的貧富差距將繼續(xù)增大。如果富國責怪這些運氣不好的國家——聲稱他們不知為何在文化或政治上不適宜從全球化中受益——我們將不僅制造更深層次的貧困，還將加劇動蕩不安，繼而導致日趨嚴重的暴力，反擊，以及恐怖主義。SectionTwo:TranslatethefollowingChinesepassageintoEnglish(60points).近年來，許多中國出口廠商受到了金融危機的沖擊，我們必須采取有效措施來對付這種出口低迷的局面，全方位地開拓國際市場。俗話說：“不能在一棵樹上吊死?！痹谶x擇新市場時要權衡其風險與機會，并且要反映迅速；要隨時跟蹤市場變化情況，以便選擇有利時機和地點抓緊出口。只有那些富有活力、洞察力和應變力的企業(yè)才能在市場景氣時大顯身手，而在市場蕭條時也能站穩(wěn)腳跟。當某些市場疲軟時，總還有另一些市場堅挺，所以能夠做到“東方不亮西方亮”。出口商品必須有一流的品質(zhì)、款式和包裝，但行之有效的廣告宣傳和促銷活動也很重要，尤其要提高用外語針對國外市場進行宣傳的能力。赴國外參展、派人員出國推銷、在國外建立生產(chǎn)或銷售點等等，一定要講求實效?！緟⒖甲g文】Inrecentyears,manyChineseexportersareadverselyaffectedbythefinancialcrisis.Wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththisexportslump,andtodevelopinternationalmarketsinalldirections.Justasthesayinggoes,“donothanginonetree”,whilechoosingthenewmarkets,wehavetoweightherisksandopportunitiesandtoreactrapidly;wealsoneedtokeeptrackofthechangesinmarketinordertoselectfavorabletimeandplacetoexport.Onlythoseenterprisesfullofvitality,insightandresiliencecouldflourishinthemarketandsurviveeveninthedepressedmarket.Whensomeofthemarketsareweak,therearealwaysothermarketsthatarestrong,thusweareabletofindanotherdoorwhenonedoorshuts.Exportsmusthavefirst-classquality,styleandpackaging,buteffectiveadvertisingandpromotionalactivitiesarealsoimportant,especiallythepromot