2024屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解題型對(duì)應(yīng)的解題策略及2023年全國(guó)乙卷真題學(xué)案含答案

第第頁2024屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí)：閱讀理解題型對(duì)應(yīng)的解題策略及2023年全國(guó)乙卷真題學(xué)案（含答案）英語閱讀理解題型對(duì)應(yīng)的解題策略及2023年全國(guó)乙卷真題-2024屆高三英語復(fù)習(xí)

一、細(xì)節(jié)理解題

細(xì)節(jié)理解題通常會(huì)針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)出題，題型可以多樣化。

一般有兩種類型：一是直接理解題，可以直接定位原文并找到答案；二是同義轉(zhuǎn)換題，正確答案項(xiàng)是由原文相關(guān)詞匯paraphrase（釋義）而來，即用英語解釋英語的重要原因。做該類試題一般要抓住事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、發(fā)展過程和結(jié)局等環(huán)節(jié)，所選答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生義。

【設(shè)問形式】常用who,what,which,when,where,why和how提問，或判斷正誤，即是非判斷題。如下：

（1）Whichofthefollowingistrue/NOTtrueinthepassage

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTdiscussed/mentionedinthepassage

（3）Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage

（4）AllthefollowingstatementsareNOTtrueexcept_______.

（5）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage

【例題一】

ForCanaanelementarysecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.，todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez’sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemsliketheofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”a.pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

24.WhatmadeChrisnervous（）

A.Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.

二、詞義猜測(cè)題

在高考英語閱讀理解中，詞句猜測(cè)題是一類很重要的題型，主要考查學(xué)生的猜測(cè)能力和判斷能力。詞句猜測(cè)題包括：詞義猜測(cè)、代詞指代和句意猜測(cè)題。解題過程中，考生會(huì)遇到兩個(gè)障礙：一是單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)卻不知道句意；二是單詞完全陌生，出現(xiàn)理解困難或理解偏差，影響閱讀效率。這就要求學(xué)生要樹立起context（語境）觀念，從上下文著手”順藤摸瓜”。

【設(shè)問形式】

（1）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword...inparagraph...

（2）Theunderlinedword“...”means____

（3）Theword“...”refersto_____

（4）Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor

【解題思路】

（1）根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、復(fù)合、派生等）進(jìn)行猜測(cè)；根據(jù)同義詞、反義詞猜測(cè)；根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系等來猜測(cè)。

（2）代詞指代題：首先從宏觀上充分把握代詞（it,them,those等）指代所在的段落或前文表達(dá)的含義；其次，從微觀入手抓住關(guān)鍵詞，理順邏輯關(guān)系，從而推斷代詞指代的內(nèi)容。

（3）句意猜測(cè)題：在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)劃線的句子進(jìn)行語法及語義上的準(zhǔn)確分析，從原文意義出發(fā)對(duì)劃線句子做恰當(dāng)符合邏輯的推理判斷。

【例題一】

IampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2023,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干細(xì)胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonortothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.（來源：2023全國(guó)Ⅰ卷C篇）

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1？

A.providerB.deliverymanC.collectorD.medicaldoctor

【例題二】

Buthe’s,nervous.“I’mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould…should…”Christripsonthe“-ld,”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“…Votefor…me…”Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.（來源：2023全國(guó)Ⅰ卷B篇）25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inparagraph2referto

A.ImproperpausesB.BadmannersC.SpellingmistakesD.Sillyjokes

三、推理判斷題

高考閱讀理解推理判斷題要求考生在理解表面文字的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推論，從而得到文字背后隱含的意義和深層意思，即通過文章中的文字信息、上下文的邏輯關(guān)系及事物的發(fā)展變化等已知信息去推斷出沒有直接表達(dá)出來的深層意思。推理判斷隱含意義不僅要求考生能夠讀懂文章中設(shè)題處相關(guān)的每個(gè)句子信息，還要求考生能夠推理他們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，得出言外之意，從而揭示文章的內(nèi)涵意義?！驹O(shè)問形式】

（1）Itcanbeinferred/impliedfromthetextthat_______.

（2）Whatdoweknowabout...

（3）Wecaninferfrom...that_____.

（4）Whatdoestheauthormeanthat...

解題思路：推理判斷題的答案不可能原文中直接找到，所以選項(xiàng)有原文句意的句子一般都是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，可以先排除。推理時(shí)務(wù)必要準(zhǔn)確定位并忠于原文，準(zhǔn)確理解文中的已知部分，再結(jié)合語境和常識(shí)推論出未知部分，找到的言外之意。切忌妄加評(píng)論、主觀臆斷，更不可望文生義。除此之外，還要注意幾點(diǎn)誤區(qū)：原文信息的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來的結(jié)論；文中無關(guān)緊要或片面的結(jié)論；與文章內(nèi)容不符的推論或相反的推論；不合常理或不合邏輯的推論；雖然符合常識(shí)，但文中并沒有支撐的依據(jù)?？忌皇且娣治鏊邢嚓P(guān)信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論；二是要忠實(shí)原文，切忌脫離原文，憑空臆斷。三是注意不要選擇表層信息答案，應(yīng)該立足由已知推斷未知。

【例題】

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities,”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”（來源：2023全國(guó)I卷B篇）

26.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley’sprojectisto_________.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents’publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents’loveforpolitics

四、主旨大意題

高考閱讀理解主旨大意題的考查旨在考查考生對(duì)一篇文章或一個(gè)段落的深層次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般針對(duì)某一語段或某一語篇的主題、標(biāo)題設(shè)題。這類題目考查方式為：概括總結(jié)文章的主題、文章標(biāo)題、段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括和總結(jié)，要求學(xué)生通過快速閱讀獲取語篇中心思想的能力，辨別篩選信息的能力。

【設(shè)問方式】

1.【標(biāo)題歸納題】常見設(shè)問形式：

（1）Whatmay/canbethebesttitleforthetext

（2）Thebesttitleforthetextwouldbe______.

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext

（4）Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext

2.【主題歸納題】常見的設(shè)問形式：

（1）Themainideaofthepassageis…

（2）Thepassageismainlyabout…

（3）Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage

（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout

A.【主題歸納題】解題思路：

歸納總結(jié)主題包括對(duì)整篇文章和對(duì)段落的大意總結(jié)。對(duì)整篇文章的大意總結(jié)一是需要利用文章的主題段來把握文章的中心思想。主題段通常出現(xiàn)在文章開頭和結(jié)尾。對(duì)段落大意的總結(jié)和概括主要通過尋找主題句的方法來完成。主題句因文章不同，位置各異，具體如下：

主題句在開頭：先提出觀點(diǎn)，再舉例論證或細(xì)節(jié)解釋觀點(diǎn)；

主題句在末尾：先表述細(xì)節(jié)或舉例，再歸納結(jié)論或結(jié)果；

主題句在中間：開頭先介紹背景或細(xì)節(jié)，中間綜合或概括出主題，后面再用具體的事實(shí)進(jìn)一步說明或發(fā)展前面的主題；

主題句首尾呼應(yīng)：開頭點(diǎn)出主題，中間加以解釋，末尾再次強(qiáng)調(diào)主題或?qū)η懊娴氖聦?shí)做出進(jìn)一步的概括，雖然前后主題中心思想一致，但表述不盡相同；

無主題句：注意反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞，再進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。

B.【標(biāo)題歸納題】解題思路：

在閱讀理解中，通常利用找中心句來確定文章標(biāo)題。首先通讀文章，找到文章的中心句，根據(jù)中心句的關(guān)鍵詞來確定最佳標(biāo)題。同時(shí)，在選標(biāo)題的時(shí)候還要注意以下幾個(gè)問題：

1）首先要在對(duì)原文理解基礎(chǔ)上仔細(xì)考慮所選標(biāo)題是否符合文章的中心思想，同時(shí)關(guān)注標(biāo)題對(duì)文章的內(nèi)容的覆蓋性如何，避免題目范圍過大或過小。

2）確定文章標(biāo)題時(shí)要注意容易犯的幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤：涵蓋內(nèi)容片面，以偏概全；標(biāo)題過于籠統(tǒng)，過于概括；標(biāo)題集中在一些文章的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)而沒有對(duì)文章的中心思想有一個(gè)提升和概括；選標(biāo)題時(shí)要站在和原文的角度理解，忌主觀臆斷。

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwassillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,smalltightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps1200languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuminCameroon(eightremainingSpeaker),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark)noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.（來源：2023全國(guó)卷I卷C篇）

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinfewerlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygatheredinParisandNewOrleanstocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay.UNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)recentlysetApril30asadaytoraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(聯(lián)合)voiceacrosscultures.

Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU.S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

It’sJasonMoran’sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter’sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

“Jazzseemslikeit’snotreallyapartoftheAmericanappetite,”MorantellsNationalPublicRadio’sreporterNealConan.“WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.It’sactuallycolor,andit’sactuallydigital.”

Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.

Lastyear,MoranworkedonaprojectthatarrangedFatsWaller’smusicforadanceparty,“JusttokindofputitbackinthemindthatWallerisdancemusicasmuchasitisconcertmusic,”saysMoran.“Forme,it’stherecontextualization.Inmusic,wheredoestheemotionlieArewe,asabstractasaCharlieParkerrecordgetsusintoadialogueaboutouremotionsandourthoughtsSometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,”saysMoran,“SoIwanttocontinuethosedialogue.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.”（來源：2023全國(guó)I卷C篇）

31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A．ExploringtheFutureofjazz.B．TheRiseandFallofjazz.

C．TheStoryofajazzMusician.D．CelebratingtheJazzDay.

五、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題

高考閱讀理解中觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題是常見題型?？疾閷W(xué)生把握及文中人物的態(tài)度、思想傾向。對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)是支持還是反對(duì)或?qū)δ骋挥^點(diǎn)持積極態(tài)度還是消極態(tài)度；對(duì)文中提及的人或事等是褒揚(yáng)、同情、漠不關(guān)心還是厭惡憎恨等。考生需要抓住原文中能體現(xiàn)情感態(tài)度的修飾詞去推理及文中人物的態(tài)度和思想傾向。

【設(shè)問形式】

(1)What’sthewriter’sattitudeto…

(2)What’sthetoneofthepassage

(3)Theauthor’sviewis_______

(4)Thewriter’sattitudeof.thispassageisapparently_________

(5)Theauthor’sopinioncouldbebestdescribedas_________

(6)WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbeLEAST/MOSTlikelytoagreewith

(7)Whichofthefollowingstatementsindicatestheauthor’sattitudetoward____

【解題思路】

首先通讀全文或全段，理解文章或段落的內(nèi)容和大意。其次，找到體現(xiàn)人物觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的關(guān)鍵句或列舉的事例，同時(shí)注意流露思想傾向或感彩的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等關(guān)鍵詞?？忌鷳?yīng)先熟悉在考題中常常出現(xiàn)的表示態(tài)度的詞匯。

（1）表客觀的詞:objective,neutral

（2）表主觀的詞：subjective主觀的

（3）表態(tài)度積極的詞：positive（肯定的，積極的），favorable（贊成的、有利的），supportive（支持的），optimistic（樂觀的），confident（自信的）

（4）表消極意義的詞：negative（否定的、消極的），critical（批評(píng)的），sarcastic（諷刺的），worried（焦慮的），pessimistic（悲觀的），suspicious（懷疑的）doubtful（可疑的)

考生在做題時(shí)要特別關(guān)注文章的措辭，尤其注意那些能表明感彩的詞，如improving,encouraging,disappointing，fortunately,excessively,toomany等，領(lǐng)悟的寫作態(tài)度。另外,要注意干擾項(xiàng)常常具有三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

(1)可能是考生自己的某種觀點(diǎn)；

(2)社會(huì)普遍的一種傾向，文中沒有信息支持；

(3)與本文無關(guān)或與相反的觀點(diǎn)等；

(4)注意區(qū)分態(tài)度與引用別人的態(tài)度。

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsourcesforthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation(植被),whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolvers.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.（來源：2023全國(guó)Ⅲ卷C篇）

31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.

高考真題

一

LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(風(fēng)景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeogaphicalvariation.

AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar，eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithin10-minutetimeframe,Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.

Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.

OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.(2023全國(guó)乙卷英語閱讀理解B篇)

24.HowdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscapephotographerintheMidwest

A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.

B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.

C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.

D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.

25.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor

A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.

C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.

26.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake

A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.

B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.

C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.

D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.

27.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevilsLake

A.Amusing.B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging.D.Comforting.

答案：BACB

二

WhatcomesintoyourmindwhenyouthinkofBritishfoodProbablyfishandchips,oraSundaydinnerofmeatandtwovegetables.ButisBritishfoodreallysouninterestingEventhoughBritainhasareputationforless-then-impressivecuisine,itisproducingmoretopclasschefswhoappearfrequentlyonourtelevisionscreensandwhoserecipebooksfrequentlytopthebestsellerlists.

It'sthankstotheseTVchefsratherthananyadvertisingcampaignthatBritonsareturningawayfrommeat-and-two-vegandready-mademealsandbecomingmoreadventurousintheircookinghabits.Itis