中南大學(xué)考博英語歷年真題及詳解

2004年中南大學(xué)考博英語真題及詳解EntranceEnglishTestforPhDPrograms(2004)PartI ListeningComprehension(20%)（略）PartII VocabularyandStructure(20%)SectionADirections:Thereare20sentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.21．Thepollutionproblemaswellasseveralotherissues______tobediscussedwhentheCongressisinsessionnextspring.A.aregoingB.weregoingC.wasgoingD.isgoing【答案】D查看答案【解析】句子主語是thepollutionproblem，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。時(shí)間狀語nextspring表明本句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。22．Considerthefrequentlyheardcharge______theincreaseintelevisionviolenceissomehowresponsibleforthesurgeincrime.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether【答案】B查看答案【解析】that引導(dǎo)的從句作thefrequentlyheardcharge的同位語。23．Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasn’tbothered______muchbyhisloudness______byhislackoftalent.A.that..,thanB.too..,asC.so...asD.too..,than【答案】C查看答案【解析】notsomuch…as不如…那樣多。24．______weadmireShakespeare’scomedies,wecannotagreethattheyaresuperiortothetragedies.A.AsmuchB.MuchasC.ThoughmuchD.Muchalthough【答案】B查看答案【解析】as引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，將從句中用以修飾謂語的副詞或者表語形容詞提前，表示讓步。muchasweadmire相當(dāng)于althoughweadmiremuch。25．Tomysurprise,notasinglestampamongthoseyougaveme______theonesIalreadyhave.A.duplicatedB.pokedC.flappedD.bolstered【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：令我驚訝的是你給我的那些郵票中沒有一張與我現(xiàn)有的郵票雷同的。duplicate完全一樣的，重復(fù)的。poke伸出，戳出。flap拍打，飄動(dòng)。bolster支持。26．Toensurethedevelopmentandexploitationofanewtechnology,theremustbeaconstant______ofseveralotherdistinctactivities.A.explorationB.comprehendingC.improvementD.interaction【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：為了保證新技術(shù)的開發(fā)，必須要持續(xù)改進(jìn)其他幾個(gè)不同的活動(dòng)。improvement改善，改進(jìn)。exploration探險(xiǎn)，探測。comprehending領(lǐng)會(huì)，理解。interaction交互作用。27．Someeconomistsbelievethatthebestwaytogeta______economymovingagainistocuttaxes.A.sensationalB.murkyC.sheerD.sluggish【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為使停滯的經(jīng)濟(jì)再次發(fā)展的最好方法是減少稅收。sluggish行動(dòng)遲緩的。sensational引起轟動(dòng)的。murky黑暗的，陰沉的。sheer純粹的，陡峭的。28．Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,becauseitwillhappen______,anditwillnotbealongprocess.A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.principallyD.approximately【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：不可能解釋出它是怎么發(fā)生的，因?yàn)樗匀话l(fā)生，而且過程不會(huì)很長。spontaneously自然地，自發(fā)地。simultaneously同時(shí)發(fā)生地。principally主要地。approximately近似地，大約。29．Duetotheirconsiderablycomfortableenvironmentandmannerofself-service,peoplefeelmorerelaxedand______atsuchplaces.A.relentlessB.casualC.superficialD.fraudulent【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：由于它舒適的環(huán)境和自助式風(fēng)格，人們在那個(gè)地方感覺很放松和隨意。casual隨隨便便的，隨意的。relentless殘酷的，無憐憫心的。superficial表面的，膚淺的。fraudulent欺騙性的，詐取的。30．He______thatwithoutthesupportfromthecitygovernmenttheprogramwillfail.A.allegesB.desolatesC.interrogatesD.repeals【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他聲稱，沒有市政府的支持，該計(jì)劃就會(huì)失敗。allege宣稱，聲稱。desolate使荒涼，荒無人煙。interrogate審問，詢問。repeal廢除，撤消。31．Microsofthascountedondrivingthemarketforwardwithproducts,______bytheoccasionalGreatLeapForward.A.hurledB.punctuatedC.gropedD.gleaned【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：微軟期望用產(chǎn)品開拓市場是因?yàn)橥蝗缙鋪淼拇筌S進(jìn)阻礙了其發(fā)展。punctuate不時(shí)打斷。hurl投擲，大聲叫罵。grope摸索，探詢。glean搜集（資料、史實(shí)等）。32．Asresearchhasbeenshowing,genesoffermuchmoreinformationthandisease______.A.vulnerabilityB.intelligibilityC.amiabilityD.ingenuity【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：研究表明，基因要比疾病的脆弱性更能提供信息。vulnerability弱點(diǎn)，脆弱。intelligibility可理解性。amiability友好，和藹可親。ingenuity心靈手巧。33．Thedialofthealarmclockis______sothatitcanbeseeninthedark.A.luminousB.transparentC.photoelectricD.brilliant【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：鬧鐘的針盤是夜光的，因此在黑暗中也能看見。luminous發(fā)光的，夜明的。transparent透明的。photoelectric光電的。brilliant光亮的，燦爛的。34．Whenthecircumstanceschanged,youshouldhaverevisedyourplan______A.almightilyB.accessiblyC.accordinglyD.consistently【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：環(huán)境發(fā)生變化時(shí)，你也應(yīng)該相應(yīng)調(diào)整計(jì)劃。accordingly相應(yīng)地，按照。almightily強(qiáng)烈地，非常地。accessibly可接近地。consistently一貫地，始終如一地。35．IcanrecommendhimforthispositionbecauseIhavealwaysfoundhim______andreliable.A.voraciousB.veraciousC.vindictiveD.valorous【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我推薦他擔(dān)任此職位，因?yàn)樗\實(shí)可靠。veracious誠實(shí)的。voracious貪婪的，食量大的。vindictive報(bào)復(fù)性的。valorous勇敢的，英勇的。36．Sincemanhasorbitedintospace,ithasbecomedramaticallyapparentthatweareall______ofasingleplanet.A.custodiansB.vindicatorsC.shuddersD.impeders【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：自從人類實(shí)現(xiàn)宇宙軌道運(yùn)行后，很明顯我們都成了行星的管理人。custodian管理人，看守人。vindicator辯護(hù)人。shudder戰(zhàn)栗，發(fā)抖。impede阻止，妨礙。37．Theconceptof______groupingofpeoplewithsimilarinterestsandabilitieswasverypopularamongeducators.A.segregatedB.integratedC.heterogeneousD.homogeneous【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：教育家普遍贊成均一分組，也就是將有同樣興趣和能力的人分在一塊。homogeneous同類的，相似的。segregated被隔離。integrated完整的，綜合的。heterogeneous不同種類的。38．Thegovernmentleaderusedtohaveagoodnamebutithasbeen______sincehemadeafalsedecision.A.blowndownB.blownoffC.blownonD.blownout【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：這位政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人曾享有盛名，但自從他作了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的決定后就名譽(yù)掃地了。blowout吹熄，熄滅。blowdown吹倒，炸毀。blowoff吹掉，放出。blowon使走味，搞臭。39．Theneedtoseethatjusticeisdone______everydecisionmadeinthecourts.A.implantsintoB.imposesonC.impingesuponD.imprecatesupon【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：需要看到公正判決，這種認(rèn)識已經(jīng)灌輸?shù)椒ㄍプ鞒龅拿宽?xiàng)決定中去了。implantinto灌輸，注入。imposeon強(qiáng)加于。impingeupon沖擊，撞擊，侵犯，侵害。imprecateupon詛咒，咒罵。40．Iftheythinktheyaregoingtowinoverusbyobstinately______andrefusingtomaketheslightestconcession,theyaremistaken.A.holdingoutB.holdingtoC.holdingoverD.holdingup【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：如果他們以為通過倔強(qiáng)的堅(jiān)持而拒絕作出絲毫妥協(xié)就能夠贏得我們的支持，那他們就錯(cuò)了。holdout堅(jiān)持，忍住。holdtosth堅(jiān)持，信守。holdover推遲，延期。holdup推遲，耽擱。SectionBDirections:Thereare20sentencesinthissection.Eachofthesentenceshasanunderlinedpart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestkeepsthemeaningoftheunderlinedpart.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.41．Anotherchangeisintendedtogivecreditcardholdersmoreprotectionagainstidentityfraud.A.disbeliefB.fakeC.barrierD.exception【答案】B查看答案【解析】fraud欺詐，欺騙行為。fake欺騙，騙子。disbelief懷疑。barrier障礙物。exception例外，除外。42．Itisparadoxicalthatinsucharichcountrythereshouldbesomanypoorpeople.A.sentientB.contradictoryC.immoralD.eccentric【答案】B查看答案【解析】paradoxical矛盾的。contradictory矛盾的，抵觸的。sentient有感覺的，有知覺的。immoral不道德的，邪惡的。eccentric古怪的，異乎尋常的。43．Mostplantsdependupontheirrootstoanchorthemselvesinthesoilandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.A.secureB.moistenC.reproduceD.prosecute【答案】A查看答案【解析】anchor穩(wěn)固，固定。secure關(guān)緊，使牢固。moisten使潮濕。reproduce復(fù)制，生殖，繁殖。prosecute起訴，檢控。44．Itisestimatedthatwomen,onaverage,pulldownonly66%oftheirmalecounterparts’wages.A.playdownB.cutdownC.earnD.share【答案】C查看答案【解析】pulldown領(lǐng)取。earn掙得，獲得。playdown降低，減少。cutdown削減，刪節(jié)。share分享，共有。45．Don’tyouthinktoday’smeetingwasanutterwasteoftime?Theydidn’tachieveanyagreement.A.completeB.concreteC.comparableD.continual【答案】A查看答案【解析】utter完全的，全然的。complete完全的，十足的。concrete具體的，有形的。comparable可比較的，比得上的。continual連續(xù)的，持續(xù)不斷的。46．Ineedtoseetheforeignstudentadviserbecausemypassportexpiresinafortnight.A.willbeoverB.willbereversedC.becomesinvalidD.becomesentreated【答案】C查看答案【解析】expire到期，終止。invalid無效，作廢。reverse顛倒，反向。entreat懇求，乞求。47．Likethoseofmanycontemporarynovelists,theworksofJoyceCarolareagrimassessmentofpresent-daysociety.A.weirdB.pessimisticC.optimisticD.gripping【答案】B查看答案【解析】grim不愉快的，沮喪的。pessimistic悲觀的，厭世的。weird怪誕的，古怪的。optimistic樂觀的。gripping引人入勝的。48．InthenortheasternUnitedStates,itrainsintermittentlythroughoutthespring.A.abundantlyB.consistentlyC.steadilyD.periodically【答案】D查看答案【解析】intermittently間歇地，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地。periodically周期地，定時(shí)地。abundantly豐富地，充裕地。consistently一貫地，始終如一地。steadily穩(wěn)定地。49．Littledonkeyswithharmoniouslytinklingbellsthreadtheirwayamongthethrongsofpeopleenteringandleavingthebazaar.A.tunefullyB.rashlyC.magnificentlyD.frankly【答案】A查看答案【解析】harmoniously和諧地，調(diào)和地。tunefully和諧地，曲調(diào)優(yōu)美的。rashly輕率地。magnificently壯麗地，華麗地。frankly坦白地，真誠地。50．Itisbelievedthatthesesteroidscouldbeusedtotreatdisorderssuchasacuteanxietyandpremenstrualsyndrome.A.diagnoseB.anomyC.symptomD.capacitance【答案】C查看答案【解析】syndrome綜合病癥。symptom癥狀，征候。diagnose診斷（疾?。?，動(dòng)詞。anomy社會(huì)的反常狀態(tài)，混亂。capacitance容量，電容。51．HewasalwaysintriguedwiththeinternationalaffairsandinparticularFrance’sroleintheworld.A.agitatedB.coweredC.enragedD.captivated【答案】D查看答案【解析】intrigue激起極大興趣，迷住。captivate吸引，迷住。agitate使焦慮，鼓動(dòng)，煽動(dòng)。cower萎縮，退縮。enrage激怒。52．Whatever,whentheresultscomein,somethingisobviouslyscrewedup,andthentheactioncanbegin.A.spoiledB.flungoffC.lookedawayD.calledfor【答案】A查看答案【解析】screwup弄糟，把…搞糟。spoil損壞，破壞。flingoff發(fā)出，使摔倒。lookaway轉(zhuǎn)過臉。callfor號召，召喚。53．Scientistsneedtoworkoutwaysofvisualizingthereamsofnumbersproducedinathree-dimensionalexperimentalspace.A.framingamentalpictureB.formingamentalpictureC.recognizingamentalpictureD.deliveringamentalpicture【答案】B查看答案【解析】visualize在腦中使形象化，設(shè)想。form形成。frame表達(dá)，講出。recognize辨認(rèn)。deliver傳遞，遞送。54．Quiteafewnewcomersweredependentontheirparentswhoescortedthemwhentheycameandregisteredintheuniversity.A.accompaniedB.examinedC.protectedD.ushered【答案】A查看答案【解析】escort護(hù)送，伴隨。accompany陪伴，伴隨。examine檢查。protect保護(hù)。usher迎接，接入。55．Ifyoudonotyield,Iamafraidtheenemywilldespoilthebuildings.A.detectB.desecrateC.plunderD.deploy【答案】C查看答案【解析】despoil搶劫，掠奪。plunder搶劫。detect偵察，探測。desecrate褻瀆，侮辱。deploy展開，配置。56．Althoughhispurposewastoedifyandnottoentertainhisaudience,manyofhislistenerswereamusedandnotenlightened.A.dissipateB.instructC.validateD.upbraid【答案】B查看答案【解析】edify開導(dǎo)，啟發(fā)。instruct教導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)。dissipate驅(qū)散，消散。validate使合法化，使生效。upbraid責(zé)備。57．Whenthetwocollegestowhichhehadappliedacceptedhim,hewasinaquandaryastowhichoneheshouldattend.A.facilityB.dilemmaC.exhaustionD.contradiction【答案】B查看答案【解析】quandary進(jìn)退兩難，窘境。dilemma左右為難，困境。facility設(shè)備，工具。exhaustion用完，耗盡。contradiction矛盾的說法，抵觸。58．Otherscontendthatfiddlingwithnature’sclockisaperversionofreproductivemedicineandperpetuatessexistviewsofwomenasbaby-makingmachines.A.indulgingB.yearningC.playingD.cylindering【答案】C查看答案【解析】fiddle亂動(dòng)，亂撥弄。play玩耍。yearn向往，盼望。cylinder圓柱，柱體。indulge縱容，遷就。59．Seriouslookingmenspoketoanotherasiftheywereobliviousofthecrowdsaboutthem.A.unawareB.ingeniousC.cogentD.abortive【答案】A查看答案【解析】oblivious沒有覺察到的，不在意的。unaware沒有覺察到的。ingenious靈巧的，巧妙的。cogent有說服力的，令人信服的。abortive夭折的，中斷的。60．Itiswisenottoprocrastinate;otherwise,wefindourselvesboggeddowninamassofworkwhichshouldhavebeenfinishedlongago.A.postponeB.profaneC.declineD.bolster【答案】A查看答案【解析】procrastinate延遲，耽擱。postpone推遲，延遲。profane褻瀆。decline下降，衰落。bolster支持。PartIII ReadingComprehension(40%)PassageIPetroleumproducts,suchasgasoline,kerosene,homeheatingoil,residualfueloils,andlubricatingoils,comefromonesource—crudeoilfoundbelowtheearth’ssurface,aswellasunderlargebodiesofwater,fromafewhundredfeetbelowthesurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior.Sometimescrudeoilissecuredbydrillingaholethroughtheearth,butmoredryholesaredrilledthanthoseproducingoil.Pressureatthesourceorpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface.Crudeoilwellsflowatvaryingrates,fromtentothousandsofbarrelsperhour.Petroleumproductsarealwaysmeasuredin42-gallonbarrels.Petroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearance:thin,thick,transparentoropaque,butregardlessofthis,theirchemicalcompositionismadeupofonlytwoelements:carbonandhydrogen,whichformcompoundscalledhydrocarbons.Otherchemicalelementsfoundinunionwiththehydrocarbonsarefewandareclassifiedasimpurities.Traceelementsarealsofound,buttheseareofsuchminutequantitiesthattheyaredisregarded.Thecombinationofcarbonandhydrogenformsmanythousandsofcompoundswhicharepossiblebecauseofthevariouspositionsandjoiningofthesetwoatomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule.Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors.Theseproductsaretheso-calledlightoils,suchasgasoline,kerosene,anddistillateoil.Theresidueremainingafterthelightoilsaredistilledisknownasheavyorresidualfueloilandisusedmostlyforburningunderboilers.Additionalcomplicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructureofthehydrocarbonstoproduceotherproducts,someofwhichareusedtoupgradeandincreasetheoctaneratingofvarioustypesofgasoline.61．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Crudeoilisfoundbelowlandwater.B.Crudeoilisalwaysfoundafewhundredfeetbelowthesurfaceoftheearth.C.Pumpingandpressureforcecrudeoiltothesurface.D.Avarietyofpetroleumproductsisobtainedfromcrudeoil.62．Manythousandsofhydrocarboncompoundsarepossiblebecause______.A.thepetroleumproductsvarygreatlyinphysicalappearanceB.complicatedrefiningprocessesrearrangethechemicalstructureC.thetwoatomsinthemoleculeassumemanypositionsD.thepressureneededtoforceittothesurfacecausesmoleculartransformation63．Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Thevariouspetroleumproductsareproducedbyfiltration.B.Heatingandcondensationproducethevariousproducts.C.Chemicalseparationisusedtoproducethevariousproducts.D.Mechanicalmeanssuchasthecentrifugeareusedtoproducethevariousproducts.64．Howiscrudeoilbroughttothesurface?A.Expansionofthehydrocarbons.B.Pressureandpumping.C.Vacuumcreatedinthedrillingpipe.D.Expansionandcontractionoftheearth’ssurface.【答案與解析】61．B 文中第一段說fromafewhundredfeetbelowthesurfacetoasdeepas25,000feetintotheearth’sinterior指的是在表面以下幾百英尺到地球內(nèi)部25,000英尺的地方，但并不是說在表面以下幾百英尺的地方就能找到。62．C 文章第三段解釋了碳和氫結(jié)合能形成數(shù)千種化合物的原因是thevariouspositionsandjoiningsofthesetwoatomsinthehydrocarbonmolecule，選項(xiàng)C符合文意。63．B 從第四段Thevariouspetroleumproductsarerefinedfromthecrudeoilbyheatingandcondensingthevapors.可知答案為B選項(xiàng)。64．B 文章第一段Pressureatthesourceorpumpingforcescrudeoiltothesurface表明把原油帶到表面的方法是Pressureorpumping。PassageIIWhenthehumangenomewassequencedlastyear,scientistsfinallygainedaccesstothefulltextofGod’sreferencemanual:the3billionbiochemical“l(fā)etters”thatspelloutourtensofthousandsofgenes.Thesegenes,strungoutalongthe46chromosomesinvirtuallyeveryhumancell,carrytheinstructionsformakingallthetissues,organs,hormonesandenzymesinourbody.Oncescientistshavedecodedtheseinstructions-aprocessalreadywellunderway—theyshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofpreciselywhathappens,downtothemoleculeswithinindividualcells,whenthebodymalfunctions.And,saysFrancisCollins,directoroftheNationalInstitutesofHealth’sHumanGenomeResearchInstitute,“Ifyouunderstandthegeneticbasisofadisease,thenyoucanpredictwhatproteinitproducesandsetaboutdevelopingadrugtoblockit.”HereinCambridge,anewindustryisquietlytakingshapethatproposestodothatonagrandscale,ascompanieswithnameslikeBiogen,Genzyme,GeneticsInstituteandMillenniumPharmaceuticalspreparetochangeforeverthewaydoctorsfightdisease.Spurredbytheprospectofscientificgloryandenormousprofit,bigpharmaceuticalfirmsanduniversityandgovernmentlabshavebeenjoinedbyscoresofnewcompanies,notjustinCambridgebutinotherhigh-techhotspotsaroundtheUnitedStates.Theresultcouldbeamedicalrevolution.Untilnow,doctorshaven’tactuallybeenfightingillnesseslikecancer,strokeandheartdisease.Insteadthey’vedoneitlargelybytrialanderror—findingnewmedicinesinexoticplantextracts,forexample,orlookingforchemicalcompoundsthatresembleexistingdrugs.Theprocessissoinefficientthatthedrugscurrentlyavailabletargetaboutonly500differentproteinsinthebody,outofthe30,000orsowe’vemadeof.Evenwhentheyhavethedrugsinhand,doctorshavetoguesswhichonesmightworkforagivenpatient.Totreathighbloodpressure,forexample,physiciansmustchoosefromsixdifferentclassesofmedicationswiththepatientworkingthroughseveralofthembeforefindingamedicinethatworks.Butintheneweraofgenomicmedicine,thisinefficientapproachshouldgivewaytosomethingmuchmorerationalandsystematic.Doctorswilltreatdiseaseslikecanceranddiabetesbeforethesymptomsevenbegin.Usingmedicationsthatboostorcounteracttheeffectsofindividualproteinswithexquisiteprecision,attackingsickcellswhileleavinghealthycellsalone,theywillknowrightfromthestarthowtoselectthebestmedicinetosuiteachpatient.65．Scientistshavebeentryingtodecodetheinstructionscarriedingenesinorderto______.A.gainaccesstothefulltextofGod’sreferencemanualB.makeallthetissues,organs,hormonesandenzymesinthebodyC.haveabetterunderstandingofthegeneticbasisofadiseaseD.intervenecertainillnessesatthelevelofsymptoms66．Thecompaniescooperatewithbigpharmaceuticalfirmsanduniversityandgovernmentlabsbecausetheywantedto______.A.changethewaydoctorsfightdisease.B.makescientificbreakthroughsandbigmoney.C.findanewcureforthedeadliestdisease.D.findthewayscientistsdiscovernewmedicines.67．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheadvantageofgenomicmedicine?A.Doctorsknowhowtochoosethebestmedicinetosuiteachperson.B.Doctorscanlookforchemicalcompoundsinexoticplantextracts.C.Somediseaseswillbetreatedevenbeforethesymptomsbegin.D.Patients’healthycellswillnotbeattackedwhileundergoingtreatment.68．Whatdoes“thisinefficientapproach”inthelastparagraphmostlikelyreferto?A.Doctorshaveoftenfoundnewmedicinesbyseekingcompoundssimilartoonestheyalreadyknow.B.Doctorshavebeentryinglimittrialstothosepeoplemostlikelytorespondtoagivendrug.C.Doctorschoosefromseveralclassesofmedicationswiththepatientstryingallofthemtofindtheeffectiveones.D.Doctorstrytofindnewmedicinesinexoticplantsorseekforchemicalcompoundsthatresembleexistingdrugs.【答案與解析】65．C 第二段解釋了如果了解了基因所承載的東西，theyshouldhaveabetterunderstandingofpreciselywhathappens，后文又指出如果了解了疾病的基因根源，那就可以用相應(yīng)藥物直接治療。66．B 從文中第三段Spurredbytheprospectofscientificgloryandenormousprofit…joinedbyscoresofnewcompanies可以判斷公司加入研究的動(dòng)機(jī)是取得科學(xué)突破和牟取利潤。67．B 最后一段講述了genomicmedicine的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：treatdiseasesbeforethesymptomsevenbegin，attackingsickcellswhileleavinghealthycellsalone和theywillknowhowtoselectthebestmedicinetosuiteachpatient.，選項(xiàng)B是傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)的方式。68．C 第五段作者說對于一種疾病有不同治療方法，醫(yī)生不得不使thepatientworkingthroughseveralofthembeforefindingamedicinethatworks，可以判斷下文說的低效率的過程指的是選項(xiàng)C所說的內(nèi)容。PassageIIIMarinebiologists,studyingthedeathofcoralreefsintheIndianOcean—stretchingfromSouthAfricatoIndia,plusallthoseislands—haveprovideddramaticevidenceofglobalwarming.Inthepast,newsofthiskindhavetendedtobekeptsecretforfearofscaringawaythetouristswhopaytodive,swimandsnorkelamongthecorals.Butastudypublishedthisweek,“CoralReefDegradationintheIndianOcean”,concludesthat50%-95%oftheocean’scoralreefshavediedinthepasttwoyears.“Alargepartofthemostdiverseecosystemontheplanethassimplytippedover,”saysOlofLinden,thereport’sSwedishco-editor.Coralreefsareanessentialelementinthefoodchainforcoastalpeople,providingnurseriesforfishandshallowhunting-groundsforfishingboats.InKenya,Tanzania,theSeychelles,SriLankaandelsewhere,thedeathofthereefshasalreadyhadaneconomicimpact.IntheMaldives,reportsCORDIO,itcosttheeconomy$63min1998~99.Tourists,whocomesearchingforbrightlycoloredreefs,turnawayindismayfrompilesofunsightlygrayrubble:Thecoralturnswhitewhenitexpelstheminuteorganismsthatlivewithinitshardlimestonecore.Thesecannottolerateariseinseatemperatureofover1~20Cformorethanafewweeks.In1998,thetemperaturearoundtheSeychelleswas30Caboveseasonalnormsforseveralweeks.Sometimes,bleachedcoralrecoversbut,inthepastyear,largesectionsofcoastalreefsintheoceanhavebrokendownandcollapsed.Damageisreportedwidely,includingofftheEastAfricancoastandtheChagosarchipelago.TheCORDIOstudy,whichissupportedbytheWorldBank,theWorldWideFundforNatureandScandinaviangovernments,comesoutatthesametimeastheworld’slargestgatheringofcoralexperts,morethan1,000ofthem,meetinBaliforasymposium.Oneoftheissuesbeingdiscussedistheimpactofreefdestructiononcoastalerosion.Somepeoplelivinginwesternpacificislandsarethreatenedbyrisingseas,athreatwhichwillbeexacerbatedbyreefdecline.Sofar,coralsinthePacifichavenotbeenasseverelyaffectedasintheIndianOcean.Butthiscouldbeamatterofonlyoftime.69．Whichofthefollowingstatementcannotbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Therearemorethan1,000coralexpertsattendingthesymposiuminBali.B.ThereareatleasttwoassociationssupportingtheCORDIOstudy.C.ThereismorethanoneissuebeingdiscussedatthesymposiuminBali.D.ThereareatleasttwoeditorsreportingtheCORDIOstudy.70．The“deathofcoralreefsintheIndianOcean”iskeptasasecretbecause______.A.coralreefsserveasanessentialelementinthefoodchainB.thedeathhashadaneconomicimpactandisreportedwidelyC.thedeathcanprovidedramaticevidenceofglobalwarmingD.thedeathwillfrightenawaythepayingtourists71．Thephrase“tippedover”(para.2)mostlikelymeans______.A.tosuddenlyfalltothegroundasaresultofnotbeingproperlybalancedB.tomakesomethingfallover,usuallybyaccident,bymakingitlosebalanceC.asmallamountofmoneyinadditiontotheordinarypaymentD.asmallbutusefulpieceofadviceabouthowtodosomething72．Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe______.A.DramaticEvidenceofGlobalWarmingB.TheImpactofReefDestructionC.BrightlyColoredCoralintoGreyRubbleD.TheMostDiverseEcosystem【答案與解析】69．D 選項(xiàng)A、B、C的內(nèi)容在文中最后一段均有表述，選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容未提到。70．D 從文中第一段newsofthiskind…keptsecretforfearofscaringawaythetouristswhopayto…amongthecorals可知不發(fā)布這些消息是因?yàn)閾?dān)心把游客嚇走。71．B tipover使翻倒，文中指的是由于全球升溫，地球上最為多樣的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的很大一部分垮掉了。72．C 本文講的是全球升溫致使珊瑚礁死亡—從鮮亮的顏色變成灰白色，選項(xiàng)C符合文意。PassageIVForlaymenethnologyisprobablythemostinterestingofthebiologicalsciencesfortheveryreasonthatitconcernsanimalsintheirnormalactivitiesandtherefore,ifwewish,wecanassessthepossibledangersandadvantagesinourownbehavioralroots.Ethnologyalsoisinterestingmethodologicallybecauseitcombinesinnewwaysveryscrupulousfieldobservationswithexperimentationsinlaboratories.Thefieldworkershavehadsomehandicapsinwinningrespectforthemselves.Foralongtimetheywereconsideredaslittlebetterthanamateuranimal-watchers—certainlynotscientists,sincetheirfactswerenotgainedbyexperimentalprocedures:theycouldnotconformtothehard-and-fastrulethataproblemsetupandsolvedbyonescientistmustbetestedbyotherscientists,underidenticalconditionsandreachingidenticalresults.Ofcoursemanysituationsinthelivesofanimalssimplycannotberehearsedandcontrolledinthisway.Thefallflockingofwildfreebirdscan’tbe,orthehomingofanimalsoverlongdistances,orevendetailsofspontaneousfamilyrelationships.Sincethesenevercanbereproducedinalaboratory,aretheythennotworthknowingabout?Theethnologistswhochoosefieldworkhavegotthemselvesoutofthisimpassebygreatlyrefiningthetechniquesofobserving.Atthestartofaprojectalltheanimalstobestudiedarelive-trapped,markedindividually,andreleased.Motionpictures,oftenincolor,providepermanentrecordsoftheirsubsequentactivities.Recordingoftheanimals’voicesbyelectricalsoundequipmentisconsideredessential,andthemostmeticulousnotesarekeptofallthatoccurs.Withthismaterialotherbiologists,farfromthescene,latercanverifythereports.Moreover,twofieldobservationsrightthereinthefield.Ethnology,theword,isderivedfromtheGreekethos,meaningthecharacteristictraitsorfeatureswhichdistinguishagroup—anyparticulargroupofpeopleor,inbiology,agroupofanimalssuchasaspecies.Ethnologistshavetheintentionofstudying“thewholesequenceofactswhichconstituteananimal’sbehavior.”Inabridgeddictionariesethnologyissometimesdefinedsimplyas“theobjectivestudyofanimalbehavior,”andethnologistsdoemphasizetheirwishtoeliminatemyths.73．Inthefirstsentence,theword“l(fā)ayman”means______.A.peoplewhostandasideB.peoplewhoarenottrainedasbiologistsC.peoplewhoareamateurbiologistsD.peoplewholoveanimals74．Accordingtothepassage,ethnologyis______.A.anewbranchofbiologyB.anoldGreekscienceC.apseudo-scienceD.ascienceforamateurs75．Accordingtotheexplanationofthescientificruleofexperimentinthepassage,“hard-and-fast”meansthatexperimentprocedures______.A.aredifficultandquicktofollowB.mustbecarriedoutinastrictandquickwayC.mustbefollowedstrictlytoavoidfalseandlooseresultsD.hardandunreasonableforscientiststoobserve76．Themeaningoftheunderlinedwordin“thedetailsofspontaneousfamilyrelationships”canbeexpressedas______.A.naturalfamilyrelationshipsB.quicklyoccurringfamilyrelationshipsC.animalsactinglikeanaturalfamilyD.animalfamilybehaviorthatcannotbepreplannedorcontrolled【答案與解析】73．B layman意為“外行”，于文中所講的biologists而言，“外行”指的就是那些未受到生物學(xué)專業(yè)培訓(xùn)的人，選項(xiàng)B正確。74．A 從第一段ethnologyisprobablythemostinterestingofthebiologicalsciences，可以看出ethnology是biology的一個(gè)分支學(xué)科。75．C 第二段對該程序的解釋是aproblemsetupandsolved…identicalresults，表明該規(guī)則指的是要避免錯(cuò)誤或不嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膶?shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。76．D 劃線部分意思是“（動(dòng)物之間）自發(fā)產(chǎn)生的家庭關(guān)系”，選項(xiàng)D（不能夠被預(yù)先計(jì)劃和控制的動(dòng)物行為）正確。PassageVThetheoryofplatetectonicsdescribesthemotionsforthelithosphere,thecomparativelyrigidouterlayeroftheEarththatincludesallthecrustandpartoftheunderlyingmantle.TheLithosphereisdividedintoafewdozenplatesofvarioussizesandshapes,ingeneraltheplatesareinmotionwithrespecttooneanother.Amid-oceanridgeisaboundarybetweenplateswherenewlithosphericmaterialisinjectedfrombelow.Astheplatesdivergefromamid-oceanridgetheyslideonamoreyieldinglayeratthebaseofthelithosphere.SincethesizeoftheEarthisessentiallyconstant,newlithospherecanbecreatedatthemid-oceanridgesonlyifanequalamountoflithosphericmaterialisconsumedelsewhere.Thesiteofthisdestructionisanotherkindofplateboundaryasubductionzone.Thereoneplatedrivesundertheedgeofanotherandisreincorporatedintothemantle.Bothkindsofplateboundaryareassociatedwithfaultsystems,earthquakesandvolcanism,butthekindsofgeologicactivityobservedatthetwoboundariesa