Unit+4+Grammar+課件+2022-2023學(xué)年牛津譯林

Unit4AgoodreadGrammarAUsingquestionwords+to-infinitives動詞不定式Todothatkindofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Heaskedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.

主語

賓語表語

定語

狀語

賓補(bǔ)Reviewto-infinitivesGulliverwastiedto

.Hedidn’tknowwhatto

.Hedidn’tknowhowto

.Wecanuseaquestionwordwithato-infinitiveafteraverb.theground

saygetaway

Milliehasdecided

whattoread.Danieldidnotsaywhototalktoaboutthisbook.Simonforgotwhentomeethisfriends.Kittycannotdecidewhichtochoosefirst.Sandyiswonderingwheretoaskforhelp.Amydoesnotknowhowtowritethereport.verb+questionword+to-infinitive介詞不能省動詞+疑問詞+todoUsingquestionwords+to-infinitivesMilliehasdecided

.(讀什么)Danieldidnotsay

.(與誰聊天)Simonforgot

.(何時(shí)與朋友見面)Kittycannotdecide

.(選哪個(gè))Sandyiswondering______

___.(去哪里尋求幫助)Amydoesn’tknow____

_______.(如何寫報(bào)告)whattoreadwhototalktowhentomeetfriendswheretoaskforhelphowtowritethereportAllquestionwordscanbeusedwithato-infinitive,exceptwhy.Shewillexplainwhytorecommendthisbook.×Shewillexplainwhysherecommendsthisbook.√whichtochoose所有疑問句中，只有why不可以與動詞不定式連用。Summary

1我們可以用“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作動詞的賓語。疑問詞包括疑問代詞who,what,which及疑問副詞when,how,where等。常和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)連用的動詞和動詞短語有：tell,show,think,learn,know,wonder,decide,remember,forget,understand,see,hear,ask,advise,explain,findout等。Wecanuseaquestionwordexceptwhywithato-infinitiveafteraverb.MrWuadviseduswhichtochooseasafter-schoolactivities.Thestudentsaskedtheirteacherwhentohandintheirwork.Millieshoweduswhattodonext.Danieltaughthimselfhowtouseacomputertodraw.Don’tforgettotellyourmumwheretomeetyou.Wecanuse________and____________beforea

questionwordwithato-infinitive.averbanobject這些動詞的后面可以接雙賓語。advise,ask,decide,discuss,findout,forget,know,learn,say,show,teach,think,remember,understandSummary2Theyarediscussingwhichcolourtopaintthewalls.Youcanaskyourparentshowmuchmoneytotakewithyou.Wecanusea________afterwhat,which,whose,

howmanyandhowmuch.

nounSummary3有些疑問詞，如what,which,whose,howmany,howmuch等，其后可以先接一個(gè)名詞，再接動詞不定式。Suzywasnotsurewhotoaskforhelp.Areyouclearwhentomeetatthegatetomorrow?Wecanusean

_____________likesureorclearbeforeaquestionword.adjectiveSummary4在“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)前，有時(shí)也可以是如sure,clear等的形容詞。1.“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中還可以做主語和表語。ExtensionHowtodealwiththeproblemisthemostimportanttous.如何處理這個(gè)問題對我們來說是最重要的。Theproblemiswhentoleavetheplace.問題是何時(shí)離開這個(gè)地方。2.“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以改寫成由該疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句。Idon’tknowwhattodo.=IdonotknowwhatIshoulddo.我不知道該做什么。

whichtoread

wheretofind

howtotravel

whentohandin

whattowriteabout

whotoaskfor……AmyandDanielaretalkingabouttheirReadingWeek.Completetheirconversation.Usethecorrectquestionwordsandto-infinitives.(P55)

UsingmustandhavetoBWeuse

must

and

haveto

tosaythatitisnecessarytodosomething.Gulliverknewthathemustlearntotalktothetinymen,sohecouldaskthemforhelp.

Healsoknewthathemustexerciseeveryday.Itcouldhelphimrunawayinthefuture.However,hecouldn'tfindhisboat,sohehadtoliveinLilliput.Hehadtohelpthetinymencarryheavystonesifhewantedtogethelpfromthem.Thespeakerfeelsthatsomethingisnecessary.Thesituationmakessomethingnecessary.have/hastohadtowillhavetohave/hasgottoInLilliput,Gullivermustnotliedowninthefields.However,Gulliver

didn’thavetoliveintheopenspaceanymore,becausethetinymenhelpedhimbuildabighouse.Itisnotnecessarytodosomething.Somethingisnotallowed(允許).must和haveto的區(qū)別含義不同：must表示說話人的主觀思想，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人意志和主觀的心。

haveto側(cè)重于客觀上的必要，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀條件作用的結(jié)果。

Youmustdoitnow.Ihavetogonow.2.適用時(shí)態(tài)不同

must只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)（在間接引語中）,haveto有人稱和數(shù)的變化:hasto,hadto,willhaveto

ShesaidshemustdowellinherEnglish.3.否定含義不同在否定句中,haveto表示不需要，must則表示不允許。

Youdon’thavetogothere.

mustn’t(禁止)don’thaveto（不必做某事）5.注意：must還可以表示肯定猜測，意思是“一定”。否定的猜測是can’t。

e.g.Youmustbehungryafterallthatwalking.

走了那么遠(yuǎn)的路，你一定餓了吧。

Thatcan’t

beLucy.ShehasgonetoAmerica.

那肯定不是Lucy，她已經(jīng)去了美國。4.對must的回答肯定回答：Yes,youmust.否定回答：No,youneedn’tNo,youdon’tneed/haveto(不必)

mustmust

mustnot

mustnot

must

haveto

donothavetoreturn歸還ontime準(zhǔn)時(shí)renew續(xù)借must,mustnot,haveto,donothavetoLibraryRulesTheCOVID-19isdangerousthesedays.We________________________(沒有必要害怕)it.Butitisimportantforustoremembersomewaystofightagainstit.We’dbetterstayathome.We________________________________(禁止走親訪友)freely.Ifwe_____________(不得不外出),weshouldwearmasks.Therearemanykindsofmasks.Ihavelearnt___________________(選哪種).Whenreturninghome,weshouldwashourhandscarefullyatonce.Now,

Istudy

athome.Atfirst,Ididn’tknow__________________(如何上課)online.Myteachersweresopatientthattheytaughtmeagainandagain.Theyalso_______________________(教了我如何上交)myhomeworkonline.WhenIhavequestions,IoftenaskmyteachersforhelpintheQQgroup.Ihavebeenusedtostudyingathome.What’smore,Idosomeexerciseeveryday.I________________(必須保持健康)tofightagainstthevirus(病毒).However,Ireallymissclassmates!I________________________(不確定何時(shí)能回到)tomylovelyschool.

AlthoughtheCOVID-19haschangedourlivesalot,Ibelievewe’llbeatitsoon.

whichkindtochoosedonothavetobeafraidof

amnotsurewhentoreturnmustnotvisitourfriendsorrelatives

havetogoouthowtohavelessonstaughtmehowtohandinmust

keephealthy一.用“疑問詞＋不定式”改寫下列句子。1.Howweshoulddoitwasdiscussedlastnight.

__________wasdiscussedlastnight.

2.Ididn’tknowwhereIshouldgo.

Ididn’tknow____________.

3.Thedifficultywashowweshouldcrosstheriver.

Thedifficultywas____________.

二.根據(jù)漢語補(bǔ)全下列英語譯文。

4.何時(shí)動身還不知道。

____________isunknown.

5.我忘了該怎么辦。

Iforgot___________.

6.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。

Icantellyou_____________________.

Howtodoitwheretogo

howtocrosstheriver

Whentostart

whattodowheretobuy(get)thisbook

1.

——Mum,mayIwatchTVnow?——No,you___________finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.mustn’t

B.mustC.haveto

D.can’t

2.

——MustIfinishthatworktoday?——No,you________.Yo