重難點01-3閱讀理解之說明文-2023年高考英語(新高考專用)(學(xué)生版)

重難點01-3閱讀理解之說明文-2023年高考英語【熱點?重點?難點】專練

（新高考專用）

命題趨勢

新高考閱讀理解兩年（2021-2022）之體裁和主題內(nèi)容統(tǒng)計

年份語篇卷別體裁主題內(nèi)容

I卷應(yīng)用文文學(xué)概論課程評分辦法

A篇

n卷應(yīng)用文兒童博物館團體游

1卷說明文以實際行動減少食物浪費

2022B篇

n卷記敘文新型閱讀體驗

新高

1卷新聞報道養(yǎng)雞提升老年人幸福感

考卷C篇

II卷說明文使用Textalyzer（短信監(jiān)控器）的技術(shù)來監(jiān)控司機在開車

I卷說明文飲食變化帶來發(fā)音變化

D篇II卷說明文鍛煉對于心臟的好處

I卷應(yīng)用文羅馬的四個旅館

A篇

II卷應(yīng)用文約克郡的四個活動

I卷記敘文介紹鋼琴翻頁的職業(yè)

B篇

2021II卷記敘文作者照顧老虎

新高

I卷說明文濕地破壞，保護環(huán)境

考卷

C篇

n卷記敘文捐資助學(xué)

I卷說明文情商是品質(zhì)還是技能

D篇

II卷說明文機器人監(jiān)測牧牛的健康狀況

兩年閱讀理解考得最多的文體是“說明文”，其次為“記敘文”，再次為“應(yīng)用文"，而“議論文”

則沒有涉及。在“三新（新課標新教材新高考）”背景下，2023年是否要考“議論文”體裁的閱讀理解，我

們將拭目以待。

從上述統(tǒng)計來看，說明文體裁今后仍將是高考閱讀理解的主打體裁。最近幾年，說明文的命題變化

不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，其選材通常是各學(xué)科的前沿問題；科技領(lǐng)域的最新科研成果（介紹最新科技、重大成

就、新產(chǎn)品、新工藝等）；人們比較關(guān)心的社會問題和令人好奇的自然現(xiàn)象：以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等

等。

說明文體裁閱讀理解題的考查四種題型都有可能涉及到：細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題和

詞義猜測題。其中以細節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題為主。

熱點解讀

說明文是對事物或事理進行客觀說明的一種文體，它以說明為主要表達方式，通過解說事物或闡明

事理，達到教人以知識的目的，在結(jié)構(gòu)上看，說明文總體結(jié)構(gòu)通常分為三個部分：說明對象、說明過程

和歸納總結(jié)；從段落組織方式上分，常見的有以下五種結(jié)構(gòu)：總分式結(jié)構(gòu)（總T分T總；總T分；分一總）；

并列式結(jié)構(gòu)（段落之間是平行關(guān)系，并且相對獨立）；對照式結(jié)構(gòu)（結(jié)構(gòu)形式是“一正一反”）；遞進式結(jié)構(gòu)（文

章各部分內(nèi)容形成一層更進一層的形式）；連貫式結(jié)構(gòu)（說明的各層次之間是按照事物發(fā)張過程來安排層次,

前后互相承接）。

說明文的特點是客觀、簡練、語言準確、明了，文章很少表達作者的感情傾向。閱讀說明文的重點

在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質(zhì)、構(gòu)造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特點等。

說明文常見的說明方法有：定義與詮釋、舉例與引用、分類與圖表、比較與比喻和分析與綜合等。

了解說明文的寫作手法、說明方法，理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)是解題的關(guān)鍵之一。

滿分技巧

1.快速瀏覽——整體把握說明對象

如果文章有標題那首先就要抓住文章的標題明確說明對象或是關(guān)注文章主題句、各段首末句明確說明

對象；其次可抓住文章的結(jié)構(gòu)歸納說明對象。一般說明文往往都會圍繞一個主要問題或內(nèi)容進行說明，

而有的說明文則需要我們把小說明點歸納起來，構(gòu)成全文的說明對象。

2.先題再文——精準定位重點解讀

在對文章進行快速瀏覽之后，帶著題干再讀全文。閱讀時做到有的放矢、有所側(cè)重：明確說明對象、

把握說明順序、理清（段落間的）邏輯聯(lián)系和把握作者態(tài)度。邊讀邊將考查內(nèi)容（主要是細節(jié)理解題和推理

判斷題）在原文中定位，然后重點解讀定位的幾個片段。

3.高效解讀——破長難句解重難詞

說明文的詞匯和句式的運用較別的體裁的文章難度更大。如何高效解讀關(guān)鍵在于破解長難句、解讀重

難詞（包括生詞和詞塊）的意義。

破解長難句：學(xué)會運用括號法分析長難句，把影響考生理解的各種從句、非謂語動詞短語以及復(fù)雜介

詞短語括起來，從而達到“去枝葉，留主干”的目的，進而準確理解句子含義。

解讀生詞義：說明文中的詞匯運用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，未列入考綱的生詞較多，

通常達到了4-5%都對考生的理解造成了極大的障礙。不過考生可以通過說明文的語言特點來幫助解讀生

詞義。例如可以利用原文中的“下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標點符號（如破折

號、冒號都有表示解釋和說明）”等方法來解讀生詞義。另外考生要學(xué)會作出適當?shù)姆艞墸簾o關(guān)大局的生

僻詞匯閱讀中經(jīng)常會遇到一些生詞，如果這些生詞對理解全文沒有影響或影響不大就可略過。比如有許

多較長的表示人名、地名等的專有名詞，閱讀時可一掃而過或干脆用其首字母代替，不必試圖把整個專

有名詞解讀出來。

【經(jīng)典考例1］（引用原題號，以下同）

（2022?新高考I卷B篇）Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝麻

菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriends

calledwithadinnerinvitation.1stuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Even

worse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,44foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,“as

ElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.Ifsjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrown

away-from"ugly”（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrown

intorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfood

wasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargest

producerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”

Ifthafshardtounderstand,let^keepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtin

seesmyarugulastoryallthetime——butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlast

days.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthy

meals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有

瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,and

freezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,

whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtinsays.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

26.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

附錄：解題中需要關(guān)注的內(nèi)容（僅供考生平時練習(xí)時參考）

一、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

第一段：

第二段：

第三段：

第四段：

第五段：

二、重難點詞

1.熟詞生義：

Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.

....from"ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishes

thrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitinto

healthymeals.

...collectingblemishedl有干段疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.

2.派生詞/合成詞：

Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;

Wewastefooduninlenlionallyattimes.

It9sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway.

3.重難點詞(塊)

freezev冷凍freezern.冰箱refrigeratorn.冰箱resourcen.資源

strawberryn.草莓donatev.捐贈donationn.捐贈purchasev.采購

consequencen.結(jié)果shortagen.短缺starvationn.饑餓consumptionn.消費，消耗

bemindfulof考慮到,想著gotowaste被浪費

roundout完成endupdoing最終做某事，以...結(jié)束

evenworse更糟糕的是adinnerinvitation請吃飯

gobad變質(zhì)gohungry挨餓

goagainstmoralgrain違反道德準則garbagecans垃圾桶

anenvironmentalproblem環(huán)境問題greenhousegas溫室氣體

takedonations接受捐贈playapartin在中起作用

sidedish配菜，小菜paylittleattentionto不注意...

havegoodreasonsfor對某事有充足的理由make...outof…用制作

4.長難句析

@Ifsjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)

vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbage

cans.

②"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesinthe

world.”

③“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryin

yourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat."Curtin

says.

【經(jīng)典考例2】

（2022?新高考I卷D篇）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and

"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?A

ground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatare

nowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f'

and"v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（對齊），makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure（結(jié)構(gòu)），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithic

period.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrow

tobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"F'and4V1increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincethe

appearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

DTheirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

附錄：具體解題技巧運用（僅供考生平時練習(xí)時參考）

本篇閱讀理解原文語言較為復(fù)雜，包含很多長難句和一些較生僻的詞匯，話題也不是為考生所非

常很熟悉，因而難度較大，但掌握一定的做題方法，可大大降低解題的難度。

一、快速瀏覽題干，圈出題干中的關(guān)鍵詞

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

【技巧點撥】

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

【技巧點撥】

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

【技巧點撥】

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?

【技巧點撥】

二、第一遍閱讀，需要特別關(guān)注以下內(nèi)容

1.關(guān)注文章的主旨

根據(jù)第一段未句可知主旨大意：Aground-breakfive-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesin

humanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

2.關(guān)注每段重點句

第二段一共兩句。

第一句：

第二句：

第三段也是兩句。

第一句：

第二句：

第四段主題句為首句：Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopment

ofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.

笫五段主題句為首句：Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchange

inthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage.

第六段主題句為首句：Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswere

presentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.

三、根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞再次閱讀，精準定位

1限時檢測

（題目序號：高考真題用原序號，其余題目仿新高考閱揍理解D篇）

每篇答題時間不超過6分鐘

Passage1

（2022?新高考II卷C篇）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublic

servicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyare

behindthewheel.

Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhile

driving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenow

risingsharply.

Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighway

TrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas“onlyincreasing,unfbrtunately.^^

“Bigchangerequiresbigideas.^^hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimprove

roadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereaching

backtoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.

AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwould

worklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskfbrthephonesofthedriversandusethe

Textalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriver

hadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork'shands-freedrivinglaws.

“Weneedsomethingonthebooksthatcanchangepeople'sbehavior,saidFelixW.Ortiz,whopushedfbr

thestate's2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,“peopleare

goingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.^^

28.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebanondrivers'textingintheUS?

A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Inconsistent.D.Unfair.

29.WhatcantheTextalyzerhelpapoliceofficerfindout?

A.Whereadrivercamefrom.B.Whetheradriverusedtheirphone.

C.Howfastadriverwasgoing.D.Whenadriverarrivedatthescene.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.D.Laws.

3l.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ToDriveorNottoDrive?ThinkBeforeYouStart

B.TextingandDriving?WatchOutfortheTextalyzer

C.NewYorkBanningHand-HeldDevicesbyDrivers.

D.TheNextGenerationCellPhone:TheTextalyzer-

Passage2

（2022?新高考II卷D篇）Asweage,evenifwe'rehealthy,theheartjustisn'tasefficientinprocessing

oxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewho

don'texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.

“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwill

becomedryandeasilybroken,saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That'swhat

happenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenan

enthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.

Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbut

wereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedina

programofnonaerobic（無氧）exercise-balancetrainingandweighttraining-threetimesaweek.Thesecond

groupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwo

years,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.

“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,saysLevine.

“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump

（泵送）alotmorebloodduringexercise."Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn't

change,hesays.

“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven?talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstill

hasflexibility,MLevinesays."Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,and

nothinghappenedtothematall.”

Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine'sfindingsareagreat

start.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactly

whichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.

32.WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?

A.Therightwayofexercising.B.Thecausesofaheartattack.

C.Thedifficultyofkeepingfit.D.Theagingprocessoftheheart.

33.Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?

A.Dietplan.B.Professionalbackground.

C.Exercisetype.D.Previousphysicalcondition.

34.WhatdoesLevine'sresearchfind?

A.Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.

B.High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.

C.Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.

D.Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.

35.WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?

A.Makinguseofthefindings.B.Interviewingthestudyparticipants.

C.Conductingfurtherresearch.D.Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.

Passage3

（2022?廣東模擬預(yù)測YTmnotareader."It'sacommonreplythatJuliaTorres,ateacher-librarianinDenver

PublicSchool,hasheardthroughouther16-yearcareer.She'sseenstudentstearupbooks,throwthemawayor

checkthemoutonlytoimmediatelyreturnthemallbecausetheydidn'thaveconfidenceintheirabilitytoread.

Asalibrarian,Torresfeelsstronglythatlibrariesshouldbespacesofliberation,placeswherestudentscan

developaloveofreadingatanystage.Readingisaskillthateveryonecangrowtolove,buttoomanynegative

experiencesduringachild'sliteracy（讀寫能力）educationcanresultinboredom,lackofinterestorevenanger.

Whenastudenthasapoorexperiencelikebeingshamedfortheirreadingchoices,theycanbegintoassociate

readingwithpainfulfeelingsofinsecurity,shameandstress.

Topreventreadingdisorder（閱讀障礙）practices,asTorresnotes,librariansfirstcanbuildaninclusive（內(nèi)容

豐富的）librarywhereclassifiedcollectionscanmakeiteasierforstudentstofindoutthebookstheywantand

alsohelpidentifygapsinthecollections.Reevaluatinglibrarians,roleisnecessary,whichallowsstudentstotake

controlofthelibraryandhaveasayinvvhafspurchasedforthecollection,directlyexcitingstudents9reading

interest.Insteadofhostingtraditionalbookfairswherestudentshavetopayforbooks,itisbettertoopenupa

TrueBookFair,wherestudentsareinvitedtochoosebooksintentionallytotheirinterestswithoutanycosts.

Librariansarerecommendedtoreadwhatstudentsarereading.Anothertwoimportantapproachestopreventing

readingdisorderaretotakealookatthelibrarypoliciesandredefine（重新定義）whatcountsasreading.Itis

necessarytogetridoffines,check-outlimits,securitygates,andpunishmentpolicies.Plus,studentsare

encouragedtolistentoaudiobooksorreadpicturebooks.Findawaytoteachimportantskillslike

comprehensionorcriticalthinkingwiththetextsthatexciteandintereststudents.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"I'mnotareader“inParagraph1infer?

A.Somestudentsarenotinterestedinreading.

B.Somestudentshavenoabilitytoreadbooks.

C.Somestudentsdon'tborrowbooksfromthelibrary.

D.Somestudentshaven'ttriedtoreadforentertainment.

33.Whatisdirectlylinkedwithexcitingstudents,readinginterests?

A.Gettingridoflibraryrules.B.Makingtheirownchoices.

C.Librarians9recommendation.D.Reducingchargescausedbyreading.

34.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Whatleadstostudents?difficultyinreading.

B.Hownegativereadingexperiencesaffectstudents.

C.Howtoreducereadingdisorderasstudentlibrarians.

D.Whytodecreasereadingdisorderasstudentlibrarians.

35.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?

A.Todoaresearchonreadingdisorder.B.Tooffersuggestionstothelibrarians.

C.Toanalyzewhyreadingdisorderforms.D.Todrawattentiontoreadingdisorderprevention.

Passage4

（2022?福建省泉州一中高三期中）Thedeep-seaoilandgasindustryhasvastandcostlyfacilitiesto

maintain.Wells,otherequipment,andthousandsofkilometersofpipelinesmustbeinspectedandrepaired.

Now,cutting-edgeunderwaterdrones（無人機）androbotsarebeingdevelopedthatcouldmakethework

saferandcheaper.AmongthemisEelume,asix-meter-long,snake-likerobotequippedwithsensorsanda

cameraateachend.Itcanbekeptatastationatdepthsofuptohalfakilometerforsixmonths,withoutbeing

broughtbacktothesurface.Therobotcantravelupto20kilometersbeforeneedingtoreturntoitsstationto

recharge.

Maintenanceworkatmanydeep-waterwellsandpipelinesystemsisalreadycarriedoutbyunmanned

vehicles.Butthesevehiclestypicallyneedtobetransportedtotheoffshoresiteonafullycrewedshipandthen

remotelyoperatedfromonboardthesurfaceship.Thatcancostupto$100,000perday,accordingtoPal

Liljeback,chieftechnologyofficerwithEelumeSubseaIntervention,whichdevelopedtherobot.Liljebacksays

thatby"enablingtherobottobecomeasubsearesidentlivingatastation,itcanbemobilizedatanytimetodo

inspections,therebyreducingtheneedforcostlysurfaceships”.

Eelumecanworkautonomouslyontasksassignedfromacontrolroomonshore,andsendbackvideoand

data.Itssnake-likedesignallowsittoworkinsmallspacesandwriggle（扭動）itsbodytostayinplaceinstrong

currents.Bystayingunderthesea,itcancarryouttaskswhatevertheconditionsonthesurfaceoftheocean.

Theglobalunderwaterroboticsmarketisexpectedtobewortharound$7billionin2025,accordingto

analysts,andothercompaniesareintheprocessofcommercializingnewdeep-seadroneandrobottechnology.

EelumeSubseaInterventionwillcarryoutfinaltestingontheseabedlaterthisyearattheAsgardoilandgas

field.Itexpectstoputitsfirstsnakerobotsintousenextyearandhopestohaveupto50inoceansaroundthe

worldby2027.

32.WhatisonefeatureofEelume?

A.Itcantravelnearly40kilometersbeforerecharging.

B.Itcandiveasdeepas500meters.

C.Itworksmainlyaroundthestation.

D.Itworksfor6monthsononecharge.

33.Whatistheproblemwithunmannedvehicles?

A.Theyaretoocostlytomaintain.

B.Theyarehardtooperateremotely.

C.Theyrequiretransportationtoandfromwork.

D.Theyhavetoworkonafullycrewedshipallthetime.

34.WhatcanbeexpectedofEelumeinthefuture?

A.Itwillrequirenofurthertests.B.Itwillbewortharound$7billion.

C.Itwillbeputonthemarketin2027.D.Itwillfacealotofcompetitors.

35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Asnakerobotisonitswayforunderwatertasks.

B.Eelumeisthenewchoiceforconstructingpipelines.

C.Maintenanceworkontheoceanfloorisariskyjob.

D.Unmannedvehiclesmarketinghasseenstronggrowth.

Pass