2023年北京豐臺(tái)區(qū)高三一模英語試題及答案

2023北京豐臺(tái)高三一模英語2023.03本試卷共12頁，100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。筆試(共三部分100分)第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Ithadbeenaninterestingsoccermatch.Jerrywassoabsorbedthateveryone1hispassionforsports.alsodeveloped2attitudetowardsacquiringsuchasocceruniform.Whateverhedesires,heaskshisparentspurchaseitinasplitofseconds.“Mom,Iwantasocceruniform,”hebeggedhis“OK,”said“butyouneedhave3Thedayspassedbuthegotno4fromhisparents.Hisdreamseemedcollapse.Jerrynevergaveuphisidea.Hekeptthinkinghowachieveasearlyaspossible.Asparklingideastruckhismind.Hecould5oneofhisbutwhatifhismothersawandscolded(責(zé)備)?Thoughanxious,hefinallymadeuphismind.HedrewacirclewiththehelpofabowlandmodifiedthesoccerimageontotheHealsotook6avoidthespreadofcolorontotheotherofit,Itwasaremarkablepieceofwork.“Jerry!Whatareyoudoing?”hismothersuddenlyappeared.“Imaynotgettheuniform,butIcantrypainttheimageonmyIthought.”Hewas7tofacehisButoutofhisexpectation,hismother8himforhisworkignoringthemistake.didnotmindtheshirtinthepresenceoftheideaofpainting.“It'sOK,”Mom.Ifwehadfulfilledyoureverywant,yourinborn9wouldhavebeenhidden.wouldn'thavethoughtofotheralternativeingettingtheuniform.Thataddsyour10achieveyourgoal,”shesaid.“Thankyou,Mom.”Heran1.A.controlled2.A.thirstysensedC.supportedD.expectedD.selfishB.realisticcautious3.A.confidenceB.motivationinspirationD.patience4.A.decision5.A.purchase6.A.interest7.A.eagerB.responseB.exchangeB.C.judgmentC.paintD.recognitionD.C.courageC.afraidD.caresurprisedD.relievedD.thanked8.A.appreciatedblamedrewarded19.A.tastefondnessC.talentD.fear10.A.willpowerhonestyC.responsibilitytolerance第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AwasbornandgrewupinAmerica,butshe(build)solidtieswithChineseculturesincewasalittlegirl.Sheisridingatrend:mixingandmatchingmodernclotheswithtraditionalHandress,orhanfu.Shehasbeenpostingvideosof12(she)dressedinhanfuontheInternet,whichhasattractedmanyfansonChineselifestyle.“Ilovehanfu.I'vemademanyvideos,13(aim)tohelpmorepeoplelearnaboutit,”toldBeijingBEngineersinventedanewdeviceproducesolarelectricityatnight.Solarpanelstransformsunlightintosothey14(traditional)workonlyduringdaylighthours.Thisdevice,15(use)athermometricwhichcreatesfromdifferencestemperature.Inthiscase,cooleveningairisaslightlytemperaturethanthesolarcellinthepanel.Thatbecomes16istransformedintodevicecouldbehelpfulinareas17(locate)farfromapowergrid(電網(wǎng)).CAstudyshowedhowmuchdogslovetheirowners.Intheexperiment,theresearchersfirstmeasuredhowmanytears18(produce)bydogswhentheyjustspendingtimeathomewiththeirowners.Theteamthenrepeatedtheexperiment)thistime/withdogsthatwerereunitedwiththeirowners19beingapartforfivehours.resultsshoweddogsonlyshedtearsduringthereunions.Theteamnowwantstofindout20dogshaveasimilaremotionalresponsewhenreunitedwithotherdogs.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題，每小題2分，共分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AGivealittlesunshine!TheCouncilonAging(COA)runsatelephonefriendshipprojectcalledtheSunshineCallProgram,matchingover-60swithafriendlyvolunteerforadailychatoverthephone.Theaimissimple--tohelpeasethelonelinessandrepairsocialnetworks..Sheila,77,aretiredlivedalone.hasbeenreceivingcallsfromRianne,aforovertwomonths.RianneissomethingIreallylookforwardto-abreathoffreshtalkabouteverything-theatre,herwork,bookswe'veread...Listeningsomeoneelse'slifeenriches.20ILandgivesyousomethingpositivetofocuson.”“Atthebeginning,Ihadnoexpectationofhowthephonecallswouldgo,butit'swonderfulthatit'sledagenuine.friendshipRiannehelpsmealot...”2youtoaddalittlesunshinetoasenior'slife?TheSunshineCallPrograminitiallylinksavolunteerwithisolate(獨(dú)居的)seniorforadailycalWhencomfortablethevolunteerintroducesasecondseniorthecall.Thenuntiltherearefourseniorstoonevolunteeronwhatisessentiallyaconferencecall.havingleavethehouse,youwillhelptheseniorsmeetandmakenewfriends.Theywillthenexchangephonenumberstochatontheirownreducetheirisolation.Whatthevolunteerqualifications?musthaveaccesstotheInternetandbewillingtobetrainedontheuseofachatapp.COAwillprovideallsuppliesrequiredmakethecalls.Besides,volunteersmustagreeparticipateinmonthlymeetingswithothervolunteersandguestspeakers.AllvolunteersmustbewillingprovidearecentCriminalRecordCheck,thecostofwhichwillbebornebyCOA.Andthemostimportantvolunteerqualificationisasenseofcaringandadesiretohelpseniorsincommunity!IfyouwishvolunteerwithourSunshineCallprogram,neverhesitate!JustCLICKHEREtofillouttheapplicationform.21.WhydoesthepassagementionSheila'sexperience?A.showherlonelinessB.shareasweetC.stressthevalueofCOA.D.praiseRianne'skindness.22.OneoftheresponsibilitiesofvolunteersisA.makingweeklycallstoseniors.B.visitingseniorsduringholidaysC.introducingnewfriendsseniorsD.teachingseniorstousesmartphones23.Ifyouwantbeawhatareyourequireddo?A.Learntheuseofachatapp..B.Prepareacomputerbyyourself.C.aletterofrecommendation.D.Haverelevantworkingexperience.24.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.informthereadersofCOA.B.inviteseniorstosignupforCOAC.introducevolunteerCOA.D.advertisefornewvolunteersforCOA.BThiswasthefirstcommunicationthathadcomefrom,herauntJessie'slifetime.“Ithinkyouraunthasmeatlast,”herfathersaidashepassedtheletteracrossthetable.Jessielookedfirstattheautograph(簽名).Itseemedstrangeseeherownnamethere.Therewasalikenessbetweenheraunt'sautographandherown,ahintofthesamedecisivenessandprecision.IfJessiehadbeeneducatedfiftyyearsshemighthavewrittenhernameinthatverylikeherinways,"herfathersaid,asstillstaredattheautograph.3“IshouldthinkyoumustalmosthavewhatAuntJessiewaslike,shesaid.“Howmanyyearsisitsinceyoulastsawher?"“Morethanherfathersaid.disagreed,invariablydisagreed.Jessiealwayspridedherselfonbeingsomodern.ShereadDarwinandthingslikethat.AltogetherbeyondIadmit."“Andsoitseemsthatwantsseeme.”Jessiestraightenedhershouldersandliftedherhead,wasexcitedatthethoughtofmeetingthismythicalauntwhomshehadsooftenheardabout.Sometimeswonderedifthepersonalityofthisremarkablerelativehadnotbeenafigment(虛構(gòu))ofherfather'simagination.Butthisletterofhersthatnowlayonthebreakfasttablewasadmirableincharacter/Therewassomethingofintoleranceexpressedinitstone.ItwasjustlikewhatherfatherhadtoldherDeanecameoutofhispastmemorieswithasigh.yes;shewantsyou,myhesaid.“I'veheardshehassetupaschoolandhelpedmanyyoungsters...IthinkyouhadbetteracceptthisinvitationtosaywithIfshetookafancyyou,youcouldgetabettereducation..."Hesighedagain,andJessieknewtatforthehundredthtimehewasregrettinghispastweakness...25.HowwastherelationshipbetweenJessie'sfatherandheraunt?A.Itremainedverycloseovertheyears.B.Itwasbrokenwhentheywereyoung.C.Itgottenserduetoamisunderstanding.D.Itwasuneasyfortheirfinancialdifferences.26.Fromthepassage,weknowJessieA.eagertomeetheraunt.B.cautiousaboutheraunt'sinvitationC.angrywithherauntforignoringherfamilyD.puzzledbyheraunt'ssuddeninteresther27.Whatcanlearnfromthepassage?A.Jessie'sauntpromisedherbettereducation.B.Jessie'saunt'spersonalityseemedtochangealot.C.Jessie'sandherauntweredifferentinD.Jessie'sfatherfeltsorrywhathehaddone.CManypeoplewouldanswerthequestionofwhatmakesushumanbyinsistingthatareculturalbeings.Thereisnodoubtthatweare.Butonedefinitionofcultureisthetotalityoftraditionsacquiredacommunitybysociallearningfromotherindividuals,andmanyanimalspecieshavetraditions.Canwethensaythatsomeanimalsareculturalbeingstoo?Oneapproachstudycultureinanimalsistheso-calledMethodofExclusion(排除),inwhichscientistsinvestigatebehavioralvariationsacrosspopulationsofonespecies.Inafamousscientistslearnedthatchimpanzee(黑猩猩)behaviorsweresociallypassedon)astheywerepresentatsitesbutatothers,despitehavingsame/ecologicalsettings.Forexample,chimpanzeesNationalParkIvoryCoastwell-knowfor4theirnut-crackingskills.ChimpanzeesGombeNationalParkontheotherhand,donotcracknuts,althoughnutsexistintheirenvironmenttoo.whenapplyingtheMethodofExclusion,onehastobeverycareful.Thereareotherfactorsthatcouldalsoexplainthepatternofbehavioralvariation.Forexample,someofthechimpanzeetechniquesscientistsevaluatedoccuronlyoneofthethreesubspecies.Soit'squitepossiblethatthesebehaviorsalsohaveinnatecomponent.Thiswouldmeanthatonechimpanzeesubspeciesusesanewtechniquenotoutofculturaltradition,butbecausethebehaviorisfixedtospecificgenes.AnotherfactorthathastobeexcludedisofcoursetheenvirotmentChimpanzeesinMahaledonotfishalgae(水藻),simplybecausealgaedoesnotexistthere.Butwhenweexcludeallthevariationsthatcanbeexplainedbygenesorenvironment,westillfindthatanimalsdoshowculturalvariations.Doesthatmeanthereisnorealdifferencebetweenthemandusafterall?Thereisafundamentaldifferencebetweenhumanandanimalculture.Onlyhumanscanbuildculturallyonwhatgenerationsbeforeushavelearned.Thisiscalled“cumulativeculture".don'thavetokeepreinventingthewheel.Thisiscalledthe“ratchet(棘輪)effect”.Likearatchetthatcanbeturnedforwardbutnotback,people'sculturaltechniquesevolve.Itislikelythatbehaviorsweseetodaychimpanzeeculturescouldbeinventedoverandoveragainbyindividualanimalsthemselves.Incontrast,achildborntodaywouldnotbeabletoinventacomputerwithouttheknowledgeofmanypastgenerations.28.WhydoestheauthormentiontheexampleofthechimpanzeesintwoparksinParagraph2?A.provethatculturedoesexistanimals.B.justifytheuniquenessoftheresearchmethod.C.comparehowchimpanzeesbehaveparks.D.stresstheimportanceofenvironmentinstudyingculture.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"innate"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Advanced.B.Inborn.C.Adaptive.D.Intelligent.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Cumulativecultureiswhatsetshumansapartfromanimals.B.Cultureinanimalsisasworthytobevaluedashumanculture.C.Animalsdon'thavetheabilitytoinventbehaviorsaD.The"ratchetdecidesifhumanscanbuildonpastexperiences.DWhenElinorLobelwas16,a“smart"insulin(胰島素)pumpwasattachedherPoweredbyAI,ittracksherglucoselevelsandadministerstherightdoseofinsulinattherighttimekeepherItisoneofthenewwaysthatdataandAIcanhelpimprovelives.Booksthatcriticizethedarksideofdataareplentiful.Theygenerallysuggestthereismuchmoretofearthanfeteinthealgorithmic(算法的)age.Buttheintellectualtidemaybeturning.ofthemostpersuasivesupportersofamorebalancedviewisElinor5Lobel'salawInTheEqualityMachinesheacknowledgesAI'scapacityproduceharmfulresults.Butsheshowsintherighthands,itcanalsobeusedtofightinequalityanddiscrimination.Aprincipleofprivacyrulesis“minimization”:collectandkeepaslittleinformationaspossible,especiallyareassuchasraceandMsLobelflipsthescript,showinghowinhiring,payandthelegalsystem,knowingsuchcharacteristicsleadstofaireroutcomes.MsLobel'scallusemore,notless,personalinformationchallengesdata-privacyorthodoxy(正統(tǒng)觀念).Butsheinsiststhat"trackingdifferenceiskeytodetectingunfairness."Sheadvocatesalooseningofprivacyrulestoprovidemoretransparency(透明)overalgorithmicdecisions.Theproblemswithalgorithmicformulae(公式)aretackleddepthinEscapeModelbyEricaThompsonoftheSchoolofEconomics.ThesestatisticalmodelsarethebackboneofbigdataandAI.aperfectmodelwillalwaysbebeyondreach.“Allmodelsarewrong,"runsawisesaying.“Someareuseful.”MsThompsonfocusesonachallengeshecallstheHawkmothInthebetterknownButterflyaserviceablemodel,thepredictionofclimatechange,becomeslessreliableovertimebecauseofthecomplexityofwhatitissimulating(模擬),orbecauseofinaccuraciestheoriginaldata.IntheHawkmothbycontrast,themodelitselfisflawed;mightfailtotakefullaccountoftheinterplaybetweenwindandtemperature.Theauthorcallsondatageekstoimprovetheirsolutionstoreal-worldissues,notmerelyrefinetheirformulae-inotherwords,escapemodelland.donotneedhavethebestpossiblewrites,“onlyareasonableone."Boththesebooksexhibitahealthyrealismaboutdata,algorithmsandtheirlimitations.Bothrecognizethatmakingprogressinvolvesacceptinglimitations,whetherinlaworcoding.AsMsLobelputsit:“It'salwaysbettertolightacandlethancursedarkness.”31.MsLobelintendstoconveythat.A.minimisationisagoodprivacyruletogobyB.algorithmsarecurrentlychallengedbydataprivacyC.employingmorepersonaldatashouldbeencouragedD.identifyingalgorithms'problemsleadsbetteroutcomes32.Whatcanlearnabout“HawkmothEffect"?A.ItdevelopsfromButterflyB.Itemphasizesaccuracyoforiginaldata.C.Itenjoyspopularityinclimateresearchfield.D.Itismentionedtoshowthemodelcanbe33.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriterprobablyagree?A.Usingalgorithmsdetectdifferencesishard.B.applicationofdataandalgorithmsislimited.C.reliabilityofdatashouldbeattachedimportanceto.D.Improvingalgorithmsinvolvesacceptingitsimperfection.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitlethispassage?A.TheAlgorithm'sProspectB.Algorithm'sMercy6C.Algorithm'sComplexityD.TheAlgorithm'sRecognition第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Expressivewritingorjournalingisonetohelpyouhealfromtrauma(創(chuàng)傷)35.Itcanhelpyouprocesswhatyou'vebeenthroughandassistyouasyouenvisionapathforward.Whydocsawritinginterventionwork?36.Infact,narratingthestoryofanongoinganxiety“freesup”cognitiveresources.Whenyouwritedowntheemotionsassociatedwithatraumaticexperience,youmaybechangingthewayitisthebrain.arethenabledetachfromtheemotion,makingiteasierforyoutotalkaboutandprocesstheevent.formostpeople,thethoughtofacknowledgingemotionsandadmittingthatthere'ssomethingwrongwithusisdifficultThisisbecauseexpressingemotionscanbringupfeelingsofguiltandshame.37.Thatiswhatsetsjournalingapart.Thisbetweenyouandyourjournal-youdon'thaveshareitwithanyoneunless,ofcourse,youchooseto.Ifyou'reinterestedintryingoutwritingasatoolforhealing,startyourwritingbysettingatimerfortenminutes.38.Thinkofoneobjectinyourhomethatsignifiesamomentforyou.SeeitfullFeeltheweightofit.Useallyoursenses.writeaboutthatobjectandseehowitsmeaningcanbecome.39Howyouhealfromtraumacanbedifferentfrompersontopersonaswell.Italldependsonwhatworksbestforyou.onesizedoesnotfitall.notworkforeveryone,butyouwon'tknowyoudon'tA.Despitethat,expressivewritingremainsanaccessibletool,BOfcourse,expressivewritingishardlyapanacea(靈丹妙藥).C.Also,seekinghelpforemotionalstressisoftenseenasasignofweakness.D.ItmayseemabnormalthatwritingaboutnegativeexperienceshasapositiveE.Onceyouhaveabetterhandleoyourproblems,youcanmoveforwardandgetonwithlife.Itiswritingfromyourheartandmindandabouttheemotionassociatedwithacertainevent.G.Letyourmindthedetailed,specificmomentstogettothefeelingsandtruthofyourexperience.第三部分書面表達(dá)(共兩節(jié)，32分)第一節(jié)(共4小題，第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第題5分，共分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Ifyou'vespentanytimeonsocialmediasites,you'veprobablynoticedit:parentssharenews,photos,andotherinformationabouttheirchildren.Thisphenomenoniscalled“sharenting”,acombinationofthewords“sharing”and“parenting”.Muchoftheresearchonsharentingfocusesonparentschoosetoshareonline.Studiesfoundthatforparentsofinfants(),sharentingcanhelpthesocialisolationthatcomeswiththisperiodtheirchildren'slives.Parentsofteenagersalsoshareinformationabouttheirkidsonsocialmedia.Researchhasshowntheirmotivationsincludecommunicatingtheirpridetheirchildren'saccomplishmentsandinformingfriendsandfamilyabouttheir7kids'lives.whenparentspostabouttheirchildrenonsocialmediawithhighthephenomenonof“oversharenting”occurs,whichcanbeagreatcauseforconcern.Forexample,ifparentssharetoomuchinformationthattheirchildrendon'twantdisclosed,itmayleadthemtowitholdinformationabouttheirlivesfromtheirparentssotheycanbettercontrolwhatcanandcan'tbepostedaboutthem.thecutephotosorfunnyobservationsparentsshareonlineabouttheirchildrencouldbecomeaproblemwhentheirkidsgetIncollegesandemployersareincreasinglycheckingapplicants'onlineandasaresult,informationpostedbyparentscouldbecomeasourceofembarrassmentorapotentialcollege'soremployer'sassessmentoftheirchild.Sharinginformationhasneverbeenfasterthanthedigitalage.Whileitcanbeveryconvenienttopostmilestonesoftheirchildren,it'simportantforparentsensurethey'reshareningAfterall,it'snotjustapicture,it'sthechildandtheirdigitalfootprint.40.Accordingtothepassage,whatissharenting?41.Whydoparentsofinfantschooseshareonline?42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstate