四川省高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷帶答案解析

第第頁四川省高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷(帶答案解析）（滿分：150分；考試時(shí)間：120分鐘）學(xué)校:___________班級：___________姓名：___________考號：___________一、閱讀理解Onarainyafternoon,maybeoneofthefollowingbookswillkeepyoucompanyleisurely,allowingyoutospendyourtimealoneaswellassteppingintoadifferentworld.Don’tShedYourTearsforAnyoneWhoLivesonTheseStreets,byPatricioPronInApril1945,Italy,awriterdisappearedataconferenceandwasfounddeadatanotherplace.Thirtyyearslater,ayoungmaninterviewedsurvivorsfromtheconference,tryingtouncoverthetruthaboutwhathappenedanditsconsequences.Thisnovel,byawell-knownArgentinewriter,exploresart,crimeandpolitics.WhenBreathBecomesAir,byPaulKalanithiAtthirty-six,PaulKalanithiwasdiagnosedwithstageIVlungcancer.Onedayhewasadoctortreatingthedying,andthenexthewasapatient.ThisautobiographyfindshopeandbeautyinthefaceofdeathasKalanithiattemptstoanswerthequestion“Whatmakesalifeworthliving?”.ToKillaMockingbird,byHarperLeeSetinasmallAlabamatowninthe1930s,thestoryfocusesonhonest,highlyrespectedlawyerAtticusFinchwhoputshiscareeronthelinewhenheagreestorepresentTomRobinson,ablackmanaccusedofcommittingacrime.NobodyWillTellYouThisButMe:Atrue(astoldtome)storybyBessKalbBessKalbsavedeveryvoicemailfromhergrandmotherBobbyBellwhodiedatninety.Inthisbook,BobbyisspeakingtoBessoncemore,inavoiceaslovingasiteverwasinlifeandbringsusseveralgenerationsofbravewomen.TheyincludeBobby’smother,whotraveledalonefromBelarustoAmericatosurvive,andBess’smother,whoalwaysfoughtagainstconvention.1．Whichbookisabouttheauthor’sownstory?A．ToKillaMockingbird.B．WhenBreathBecomesAir.C．Don’tShedYourTearsforAnyoneWhoLivesonTheseStreets.D．NobodyWillTellYouThisButMe:Atrue(astoldtome)story.2．Whoisthemaincharacterinthelastnovel?A．BobbyBell. B．BessKalb. C．Bess’smother. D．Bobby’smother.3．Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwereadthetext?A．Advertisement. B．Opinion. C．Lifestyle. D．Science.MywifeandIwereatacrowdedgrocerystorenotlongago.Itwasaweekdayevening,coldandwetandtense.Peoplewerecarelesslyblockingaisles,complainingandcuttingoneanotheroffwiththeircarts.Atonepoint,twowomenquarreledforseveralminutesinthefreezersection.Thingsgotworseatthecheckoutline.Thecashierscannedaman'sdiscountcard,buthemisreadthesavingsonherscreenasanadditionalcharge.Hedecidedshewasactingonpurposeandbegantoargue.Othercustomerslookedawayasthecashiertriedtoreasonwithhim.Shecalledamanager,whotookhimtocustomerservice.Shaken,shemovedtothenextcustomerinline.We’veallwitnesseduncomfortablesceneslikethisinpublicplaces.MyreactionwhenIseethemisbothpersonalandprofessional.Iamadataanalystandsociologistwhostudieshowandwhypeopleinteractwithoneanother--orwhytheychoosenotto.Tome,thegroceryscenewasanotherexampleofhowourtrustinothershasdisappeared.Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith—startingwithjustoneperson.Therefore,mywifeandIreachedthedisturbedcashier.Igrabbedabottleofwaterfromanearbycoolerandhandedittoher.WelearnedhernamewasBeth.“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou.”Isaid.Beth’sfacelitup,andwetalkedasshescannedouritems.Shetoldusshehadbeenworkingthateveningthroughseverefootpainandwouldbehavingsurgerylaterthatweek.Wewishedherwellinherrecovery,andshethankedusasweleft.Thatisthebalancingact,themomentofcounteringsocialandemotionalpainwithhealing,thatwilladduptorestoretrustacrosstheUnitedStates.Youcanstartthatpatterninsomeoneelse'slife,eveninaplaceasordinaryastheneighborhoodgrocerystore.4．Bydescribingthearguments,theauthorwantstoshow________.A．thejobasacashierisnoteasy. B．peopleintheU.Sareunfriendly.C．a(chǎn)rgumentsinpublicareverycommon. D．confidenceineachotherhaswornoff.5．HowdidBethprobablyfeelwhenthecouplegaveherabottleofwater?A．Sadandregretful. B．Sorryandembarrassed.C．Cheerfulandrewarded. D．Gratefulandrelieved.6．What'sauthor'sattitudetowardsAmericans'regainingtrust?A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic. C．Uncaring D．Cautious7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．AMiserableCashier. B．AHelpingHand.C．LearningtoTrustAgain. D．Startinganewlife.Dolphinsareuniversallyregardedassomeofthecleverestcreaturesintheworld.Incaptivity(圈養(yǎng)),theycanbetrainedtocompletecomplextaskssuchasjumpingthroughhoopsandsomersaultingthroughtheair.Buttheirintelligencedoesn’tstopthere.Inarecentstudyofcetaceans(鯨目動物)—agroupofanimalsthatincludesdolphinsandwhales—researcherscreatedalistofintelligentbehaviorsobservedin90differentcetaceanspecies,reportedtheGuardian.Forexample,thesmartestcetaceanshuntingroups,shareknowledgethroughmimicry(模仿)andevencareforeachother’schildren.Someevenconsidertheirbehaviortobehuman-like.“Thereisthesayingthat‘ittakesavillagetoraiseachild’seemstobetrueforbothwhalesandhumans,”MichaelMuthukrishnaoftheLondonSchoolofEconomics,co-authorofthestudy,toldtheGuardian.However,cetaceansdon’tjustusetheirbrainpowerforsurvival.Thestudysuggeststhatdolphinsmightevengossip.That’sbecausesomespeciesgreeteachotherwithspecificwhistles,justashumansgreeteachotherbyname,theGuardianreported.Sometimes,agroupofdolphinswhistlesthe“name”ofadolphinthatisn’tthere.Couldtheybespeakingabouttheir“friend”behinditsback?Fortheresearchers,dolphinsmalltalkisabigdeal.Astheyfoundthatthemostsocialcetaceansalsohavethelargestbrains,theyarguethatcetaceanintelligencedevelopedtomeetthedemandsofcomplexsocialgroups.Knownasthe“culturalbrainhypothesis(假設(shè)),”ithadonlybeenusedtoexplaintheintelligenceofhumansandotherprimates(靈長目動物).Thenewstudyaimedtofindacommonpathwayfortheevolutionofintelligenceamongbiologicallydifferentspecies.“Itisinterestingtothinkthatwhaleandhumanbrainsaredifferentintheirstructurebuthavebroughtustothesamepatternsinbehavior,”LukeRendell,abiologistattheUniversityofStAndrews,toldtheGuardian.Indeed,westillhavealottolearnaboutourintelligentocean-dwellingneighbors.“Wedon’thavetolookatotherplanetstolookforaliens,”MuthukrishnatoldtheGuardian,“becauseweknowthatunderwatertherearetheseamazingspecieswithsomanyparallelstousintheircomplexbehaviors.”8．Thepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“gossip”inPara.4is________.A．singing B．chatting C．greeting D．a(chǎn)rguing9．Therecentstudywasintendedto________.A．learnmoreaboutintelligentcreaturesoftheseaB．explaintheintelligenceofhumansandcetaceansC．createalistofintelligentbehaviorsofdifferentcetaceanspeciesD．seewhethertheintelligenceofdifferentspeciesevolvedinthesameway10．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．somecetaceanshavethesameintelligenceashumanbeingsB．itisunnecessarytolookforaliensanddoresearchintothemC．bothdolphinsandwhalesgreeteachotherwithspecificwhistlesD．bothdolphinsandwhaleshavealotincommonwithhumansinbehaviors11．Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．AlienslivingunderwaterB．AstudyofintelligentdolphinsC．IntelligentcreaturesoftheseaD．ReasonsfortheintelligenceofseacreaturesI’mrathergoodatusingmaps.ButIforgotthemapsandherewewere,lateafternoon,lastdayofvacation,mydaughter,mycousinandI,drivingalongatwo-lanehighwayinOregon.Noothercarinsight,andthesunhadjustgonedown.Wherewasthatsweetlittlevillage?Itwassupposedtoberightalongthisriver.Wedroveon,fartherintotheunknown,riveralwaysatleftasourguide.Wekeptpassingfarmsandfieldsandnowafewlightswerecomingout.Inmyhead,Iwasdoingalotofself-criticisms:Whydidn’twestartearlier,bringthemapandonandon?MycousinandIwerebothimpatientandstressed.Mydaughter,atleast,washappyinthebackseat,textmessagingafriend.Ipulledupontheshoulderoftheroadtothink.Justthen－WOW!Amazing!Anewscenehadappeared.Wherediditcomefrom?Rightthere,outofnowhere:amagicalmistylandscape.Fieldsstretchedinsilentpurples,withrowsoftalltrees,darkeninginthedusk(黃昏).Iturnedthecarengineoff.Allwassilentinthehotsummerair.Besideus,aplum-coloredriverhardlymovedbetweenaborderoftrees,itsdarklazywaterreflectingthelastlightofday.Howbreathtaking!Wherehaditbeen?IfIhadseenevenabitofthisbeautywhiledrivingalong,Icouldhavestoppedandtakenalook.Ihadmisseditall.Wemissalot,almosteverything,infact,inourworld.Ourtask-focusedfilters(過濾器)takecareofthat,selectingonlywhatweneed.Weneedtogettowork.Havesomelunch.Weseewhatweneedtosee,oftenforpurposesofsurvival.GregoryBateson,speakingofbeauty,saidthejudgmentisselectionofafact.Inourdailylives,whoorwhatisdoingtheselecting?Canwemakeachange?Canweseefurther?12．Whichofthefollowingmightbethedestinationoftheauthor’sdriving?A．Avacationspot. B．Herownhome.C．Atouristcentre. D．Hercousin’sfarm.13．Whatmadetheauthorkeepblamingherselfinthebeginning?A．Thatthevacationwasbelowherexpectations.B．Thatshewasn’tasgoodatusingmapsasbefore.C．Thatlackoffullpreparationsgothertoloseherway.D．Thathercousinanddaughtercouldn’tgetalong.14．Theauthorfeltreallyamazedbecause_________.A．shediscoveredatouristspotunknowntothepublicB．hercarelessnessbroughtanunexpectedpleasureC．sheunintentionallyreachedwhatshehadplannedtoD．therightroute(路線)toherdestinationcameoutofnowhere15．Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A．Staycoolwhenyouaretrappedintrouble.B．Makeachangeforthepurposeofsurvival.C．Bepositivebecausethere'salwaysanalternative(choice).D．Slowdownyourpacestoenjoybeautyinlife.二、七選五TipsforUpcomingSeniorTwoTheupperclassmenoftendescribeSeniorTwoinNo.7Highasayearwith“muchmorehomework,morefrequentexamsandmorefiercecompetitions”.16●Manageyourtimecarefullyandmakethemostofit.Trytostudynotonlyhardbutefficiently.Makeato-do-listforyourtimeafterschool.Don’tjustspendquitealongtimeononlyonesubject,especiallyasciencesubject.17Remembertotakebreakswhenyoufeelexhausted.●Treatcompetitioninclassinarightway.Competitioncannotbeavoided,buteveryonewantstostudyandliveinafriendlyenvironment.Don’ttreatyourclassmatesaspotentialenemies.18Byhelpingotherssolveproblems,youinspireothers,consolidateyourownknowledgeandgainlastingfriendship.●19Don’tletyourformerrankingslimityou.Whatreallymattersishowyoutreatexamsandrankings.Forgettheclassorgraderankings,butcompetewithyourself.Inawhile,youwillseeyourselfclimbinginscoresandrankings.Allinall,thecomingnewschoolyearissuretobefullofchallenges.Toomuchworryonlyaddstoyourdifficultiesinyourdevelopment.20WishyouthebestofluckinthenewacademicyearinNo.7High!A．Treatyourselfastherival.B．Havearightattitudetowardsyourrankings.C．However,rearrangeyourtimetableisofgreatimportance.D．Instead,dividethehoursintosmallperiodsfordifferentsubjects.E．Sowhentheyturntoyouforhelp,justshareyourwisdomgenerously.F．Ifyoukeepmyadviceinmind,youwillachievealotandleadahappylife.G．Whenyoupreparefortheupcomingchallenges,someadvicefrommemaybehelpful.三、完形填空MyparentsoperatedasmallrestaurantinSeattle.Itwasopentwenty-fourhoursaday,sixdaysaweek.Andmyfirstrealjob,whenIwassixyearsold,was21thediners’shoes.Myfatherhaddoneitwhenhewasyoung,sohetaughtme22todoitefficiently,tellingmeto23tore-shinetheshoesifthecustomerwasn't24.Workingintherestaurantwasacauseofgreat25becauseIwasalsoworkingforthegoodofthefamily.Butmyfather26thatIhadtomeetcertain27tobepartoftheteam.Ihadtobepunctual,hard-working,andpolitetothe28.Iwas29paidfortheworkIdidattherestaurant.OnedayImadethemistakeof30Dadthatheshouldgiveme$10aweek.Hesaid,“OK.Howaboutyoupayingmeforthreemealsadayyouhavehere?And31thetimesyoubringinyourfriendsforfreesoftdrinks?”He32Iowedhimabout$40aweek.IrememberreturningtoSeattleafterbeing33intheUSArmyforabouttwoyears.IhadjustbeenpromotedtoCaptainatthattime.Andfullofpride,Iwalkedintomyparents’restaurant,butthe34thingDadsaidwas,“Howaboutyour35uptonight?”Icouldn’t36myears!IamanofficerintheArmy!Butitdidn’t37asfarasDadwasconcerned.Iwasjust38memberoftheteam.Ireachedforthemop.WorkingforDadhastaughtmethedevotiontoa39isaboveall.Ithasnothingtodowith40thatteamisinvolvedinafamilyrestaurantortheUSArmy.21．A．cleaning B．shining C．removing D．keeping22．A．why B．what C．how D．when23．A．offer B．refuse C．love D．learn24．A．interested B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．relaxed D．satisfied25．A．fun B．pride C．trouble D．effort26．A．gotitright B．keptitaruleC．tookitforgrantedD．madeitclear27．A．standards B．needs C．challenges D．situations28．A．family B．workers C．customers D．friends29．A．a(chǎn)lways B．never C．seldom D．ever30．A．ordering B．a(chǎn)sking C．requiring D．a(chǎn)dvising31．A．a(chǎn)t B．before C．for D．a(chǎn)round32．A．workedout B．foundout C．putout D．thoughtout33．A．a(chǎn)lone B．a(chǎn)way C．outside D．off34．A．usual B．last C．next D．first35．A．washing B．taking C．cleaning D．moving36．A．ignore B．follow C．believe D．understand37．A．matter B．care C．go D．happen38．A．no B．other C．some D．a(chǎn)nother39．A．team B．family C．leader D．restaurant40．A．why B．whether C．when D．how四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Recently,LiuGenghong,asingerandcomposerfromTaiwan,China,hasgainedgreat41(popular)online.Hisfitnesslivestreams(直播)haveattractedaudiencesfromacrossthecountry,manyof42havebeenlockedindoorsforweeksduetoCOVID-19.Inhislivestreams,Liuandhiswifealwaysappearenergetic,friendlyandhealthy.Oneofthe43(appeal)fitnessroutinesissettoHerbalistManualwhichLiucombinesaerobicswithJayChou'spopularsong44(origin).Theyexerciseanddancetoup-beatsongswhile45(explain)theirmove,fascinatingmoreandmorepeople.Accordingtoareport,Liu'sworkoutsessions46(break)Douyin'slivestreamrecordfor2022sofar,47hismostpopularlessonattractingover44millionliveviewers.48Liu'sdancemoveslooksimple,theyareactuallyquitedifficultforsomeviewers49(follow).Manynetizensevenjokedthatthe49-year-oldwasfacingacontestwithLiJiaqi,50(know)astheKingoflivestreaming,becauseLiemptiesourwalletwhileLiuemptiesourbody!五、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子51．J.KRowlingcreatedaspecialmagicworldforreaderswithher________(limit)imagination.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)52．Jawswhichwonmanyawardswasagreatsuccess,________(attract)hugeaudiencestosinghighlypraiseonit.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)53．It’shighly________(recommend)thattakingexercisewhenyoufeelquitestressed.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)54．It'swidelybelievedthat________(complain)solvenothingbutmakeyouevenmoreupset!(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)55．Exerciseishighly________(benefit)tohealth.That’swhyweshouldattachimportanceonexercise.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)56．Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsia________(strike)byfloodsandpeoplesufferedalot.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)57．Threeofhisnovels________(adapt)fortelevisionsince2020.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)58．________(judge)byherletter,she'sreallyenjoyinghersummerholidayinThailand.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)59．________(aware)thatthemushroomswerepoisonous,shepickedsomefordinner,whichcausedherfather’sdeath.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)60．His________(generous)impressedmealot,evenhewasn’trich,buthestillwantedtosharewithothers.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)六、短文改錯(cuò)61．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（∧）并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（＼）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Bornin551B．C．inLu,China,ConfuciuswasChinesephilosopherwhosethoughtshasinfluencedChinesecultureuptonow.Confucius,whospentmostofhislifeteachingandhelpingstudentssolvingproblems,hadafruitfulcareer.Hecreatedsomeeffectiveteachingmethodsorproperstudyskills.Confuciustaughthisstudentswiththehelpofpersonalexamplesandtheirownphilosophy.Hestudiedhardandvaluedtrue.Helovededucationandwasalwaystirelessinteaching.Whenitcametohumanrelationship,hewasoncesaid“Donotdotootherswhichyoudonotwantotherstodotoyou.”TodaymottoesfromConfucianismarefrequentusedbyforeignersontheirspeechesortalks.七、其他應(yīng)用文62．假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國筆友Henry最近來信，詢問你如何利用暑假為高中生活做準(zhǔn)備。請你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)，用英語回一封信，說明你的計(jì)劃，并簡述理由。1.學(xué)習(xí)方面；2.運(yùn)動方面；3.其他。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好（不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）：2.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearHenry,I’mgladtoreceiveyourletter.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua參考答案1．B2．A3．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。作者主要介紹了四本可以在休閑時(shí)間閱讀的英文書。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中WhenBreathBecomesAir,byPaulKalanithi部分“Thisautobiographyfindshopeandbeautyinthefaceofdeath”(這本自傳在死亡面前找到了希望和美麗)可知，這本書是自傳，所以作者寫的是自己的故事。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)NobodyWillTellYouThisButMe:Atrue(astoldtome)storybyBessKalb部分“BessKalbsavedeveryvoicemailfromhergrandmotherBobbyBellwhodiedatninety.Inthisbook,BobbyisspeakingtoBessoncemore,inavoiceaslovingasiteverwasinlifeandbringsusseveralgenerationsofbravewomen.”(BessKalb保存了她九十歲去世的祖母BobbyBell的每一條語音留言。在這本書中，Bobby再次對Bess說話，用一種一如既往充滿愛的聲音，向我們呈現(xiàn)了幾代勇敢女性的形象。)可知，最后一本小說的主角是BobbyBell。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Onarainyafternoon,maybeoneofthefollowingbookswillkeepyoucompanyleisurely,allowingyoutospendyourtimealoneaswellassteppingintoadifferentworld.”(在一個(gè)下雨的下午，也許下面這些書中的一本可以悠閑地跟你作伴，讓你獨(dú)自消磨時(shí)間，也讓你踏入一個(gè)不同的世界。)可知，這篇文章是推薦了四本書，讓人們可以獨(dú)自悠閑地度過下雨的午后。所以這篇文章應(yīng)該是屬于日常生活方式的內(nèi)容。故選C。4．D5．D6．B7．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章通過在一個(gè)擁擠的雜貨店里人與人之間互不相讓、互相爭吵的例子，作者覺得美國社會人與人之間的信任在慢慢消失。但另一方面作者又覺得重建與人之間的信任，可以從很平常的生活中開始。4．5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Atonepoint,twowomenquarreledforseveralminutes(在某處，兩個(gè)婦女爭吵了幾分鐘)”以及第二段“Hedecidedshewasactingonpurposeandbegantoargue.(他認(rèn)為她是故意的，于是開始爭吵起來)”可知，文章前三段描述了在一個(gè)擁擠的雜貨店里，人們各種互不相讓、互相爭吵的情景。根據(jù)第四段“thegroceryscenewasanotherexampleofhowourtrustinothershasfaded.”可知，作者認(rèn)為雜貨店的令人不舒服的場景是人與人之間的信任在慢慢消失的一個(gè)例子。故選D項(xiàng)。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Beth’sfacelitup(Beth面露喜色）”可知，作者買一瓶水給Beth,并且對她說“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou.”，以及第五段最后一句“andshethankedusasweleft”可知，作者讓Beth感到欣慰和感激。故選D項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。據(jù)文章最后一段“Thatisthebalancingact,themomentofcounteringsocialandemotionalpainwithhealing,thatwilladduptorestoretrustacrosstheUnitedStates.”可知，作者認(rèn)為我們可以在日常生活中通過一些小小的行為幫助那些由于社會原因承受情感上的痛苦的人們，這將有助于恢復(fù)人與人之間的信任。因此作者對美國社會恢復(fù)人與人之間的信任是持樂觀態(tài)度的。故選B項(xiàng)?！拘☆}4詳解】主旨大意題。在一個(gè)擁擠的雜貨店，由于顧客的原因，收銀員與顧客發(fā)生爭吵，收銀員承受了情感上的痛苦。作為一名數(shù)據(jù)分析師和社會學(xué)家，作者抓住這個(gè)時(shí)刻，分析如何才能重建人與人之間的信任。根據(jù)第四段“Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith(這也是一個(gè)教我們?nèi)绾沃亟ㄐ湃蔚臅r(shí)刻）和最后一段“thatwilladduptorestoretrustacrosstheUnitedStates(那會有助于人與人之間恢復(fù)信任）”可推斷，文章是探討了如何重建美國社會人與人之間的信任。由此可知，C項(xiàng)適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。8．B9．D10．D11．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)在海洋下面生活著類似人類智商的群居動物，如海豚和鯨，它們的大腦為我們研究智力的進(jìn)化提供了參考。8．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段“That’sbecausesomespeciesgreeteachotherwithspecificwhistles,justashumansgreeteachotherbyname,theGuardianreported.Sometimes,agroupofdolphinswhistlesthe“name”ofadolphinthatisn’tthere.Couldtheybespeakingabouttheir“friend”behinditsback?（據(jù)《衛(wèi)報(bào)》報(bào)道，這是因?yàn)橐恍┪锓N用特定的口哨互相打招呼，就像人類用名字打招呼一樣。有時(shí)，一群海豚會用口哨吹出一只不存在的海豚的“名字”。他們會在背后談?wù)撍麄兊摹芭笥选眴幔浚笨芍麄冇每谏谙嗷ゴ蛘泻?，但是有時(shí)候吹出一個(gè)不存在的海豚的“名字”，這個(gè)就不是簡單地打招呼了；由“Couldtheybespeakingabouttheir“friend”behinditsback?”可知他們其實(shí)在閑聊，或許在背后談?wù)撌裁?，故推知?jiǎng)澗€單詞gossip的意思為“聊天”，故選B項(xiàng)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Thenewstudyaimedtofindacommonpathwayfortheevolutionofintelligenceamongbiologicallydifferentspecies.（這項(xiàng)新的研究旨在找到生物學(xué)上不同物種之間智力進(jìn)化的共同途徑。）”可知新的研究旨在找出不同物種之間智力進(jìn)化的共同方式，即這項(xiàng)研究的目的是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)不同物種的智力是否以相同的方式進(jìn)化。故選D項(xiàng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Inarecentstudyofcetaceans(鯨目動物)—agroupofanimalsthatincludesdolphinsandwhales（在最近對鯨目動物包括海豚和鯨魚在內(nèi)的一組動物進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究中）”可知本文所指的鯨目動物是包含海豚和鯨魚的；“Forexample,thesmartestcetaceanshuntingroups,shareknowledgethroughmimicry(模仿)andevencareforeachother’schildren.Someevenconsidertheirbehaviortobehuman-like.（例如，最聰明的鯨目動物群體狩獵，通過模仿分享知識，甚至照顧彼此的孩子。有些人甚至認(rèn)為他們的行為與人類相似。）”可知鯨目動物的很多行為如群體打獵、模仿、照顧孩子等被認(rèn)為和人類是很相似的；文章第三段“Thereisthesayingthat‘ittakesavillagetoraiseachild’seemstobetrueforbothwhalesandhumans（“有一種說法‘養(yǎng)育一個(gè)孩子需要一個(gè)村莊’似乎對鯨魚和人類都是正確的?！保笨芍揪渫瑯诱f明鯨魚和人類的行為很多有相似之處；D項(xiàng)“bothdolphinsandwhaleshavealotincommonwithhumansinbehaviors（海豚和鯨魚在行為上與人類有很多共同之處）符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。11．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文章介紹了研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)在海洋下面生活著類似人類智商的群居動物，然后以一系列的研究來說明一些海洋生物是智慧的，與人類存在相似之處；文章最后一段“Indeed,westillhavealottolearnaboutourintelligentocean-dwellingneighbors.（事實(shí)上，對于我們聰明的海洋鄰居，我們還有很多東西需要學(xué)習(xí)。）”可知我們認(rèn)為這些海洋生物是智慧的，這種觀點(diǎn)與文章主旨相呼應(yīng)；故C項(xiàng)“Intelligentcreaturesofthesea（智慧的海洋生物）”適合作為本文標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。12．B13．C14．B15．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者由于粗心沒有做好充足的準(zhǔn)備導(dǎo)致迷路，這使得她和家人們遇到了美麗的風(fēng)景，給她們帶來了意想不到的快樂，由此作者感悟到，我們不應(yīng)該錯(cuò)過生活中的美好，而應(yīng)放慢腳步來欣賞生活中的美。【詳解】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ButIforgotthemapsandherewewere,lateafternoon,lastdayofvacation,mydaughter,mycousinandI,drivingalongatwo-lanehighwayinOregon.(但是我忘了地圖，于是我們就在這里，在假期的最后一天，下午晚些時(shí)候，我女兒，我的表妹和我，沿著俄勒岡的一條雙車道公路行駛。)”和“Wherewasthatsweetlittlevillage?(那個(gè)可愛的小村莊在哪里?)”可知，這是作者假期的最后一天，她們在走邊找熟悉的地標(biāo)，由此推知，她們在返程，所以作者的目的地是自己的家，故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ButIforgotthemapsandherewewere,lateafternoon,lastdayofvacation,mydaughter,mycousinandI,drivingalongatwo-lanehighwayinOregon.Noothercarinsight,andthesunhadjustgonedown.Wherewasthatsweetlittlevillage?(但是我忘了地圖，于是我們就在這里，在假期的最后一天，下午晚些時(shí)候，我女兒，我的表妹和我，沿著俄勒岡的一條雙車道公路行駛?？床坏絼e的車，那時(shí)太陽也剛剛下山。那個(gè)可愛的小村莊在哪里？)”和第二段中的“Inmyhead,Iwasdoingalotofself-criticisms:Whydidn’twestartearlier,bringthemapandonandon?(在我的腦海里，我做了很多自我批評：為什么我們不早點(diǎn)開始，帶上地圖等等？)”可知，作者一開始就責(zé)怪自己，因?yàn)樽髡邲]有為旅途做好充分準(zhǔn)備，忘記帶地圖，導(dǎo)致她們迷路，無法回家，故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Wedroveon,fartherintotheunknown,(我們繼續(xù)前行，將車開到未知的地方)”和第三段“Justthen－WOW!Amazing!Anewscenehadappeared.Wherediditcomefrom?(在那時(shí)，哇！神奇！出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)新的風(fēng)景，它從哪里來的？)”可知，作者由于粗心沒有做好充足準(zhǔn)備，導(dǎo)致作者迷路，但是那時(shí)，作者和家人卻遇到了令人驚奇的美麗的風(fēng)景，由此可知，粗心給她們帶來了意想不到的快樂，故選B。4.目的意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是倒數(shù)第二段“Howbreathtaking!Wherehaditbeen?IfIhadseenevenabitofthisbeautywhiledrivingalong,Icouldhavestoppedandtakenalook.Ihadmisseditall.(多么令人激動??！它去哪兒了？如果我在開車的時(shí)候看到一點(diǎn)這樣的美景，我就會停下來看看。我錯(cuò)過了一切。)”和最后一段中的“Wemissalot,almosteverything,infact,inourworld.(事實(shí)上，我們錯(cuò)過了很多，幾乎是我們世界里的所有事情。)”可知，作者由于粗心沒有做好充足的準(zhǔn)備導(dǎo)致迷路，這使得她和家人們遇到了美麗的風(fēng)景，給她們帶來了意想不到的快樂，由此作者感悟到，我們不應(yīng)該錯(cuò)過生活中的美好，而應(yīng)放慢腳步來欣賞生活中的美，由此可知，文章中的故事主要告訴我們要放慢腳步去欣賞生活中的美。故選D。16．G17．D18．E19．B20．F【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章是第七高中對即將升入高二的同學(xué)提出的一些建議。16．空前提到：很多高年級的學(xué)生把高二描述成更多作業(yè)，更頻繁的考試和更激烈競爭的一年，再結(jié)合下文給出了具體建議，所以G項(xiàng)“當(dāng)你為即將到來的挑戰(zhàn)作準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)候，我的一些建議可能會有幫助”承上啟下，G項(xiàng)中“theupcomingchallenges”指上文中提到的“muchmorehomework,morefrequentexamsandmorefiercecompetitions”，故選G項(xiàng)。17．本段的主題句是“仔細(xì)管理時(shí)間，充分利用它”，根據(jù)空前“不要只是花費(fèi)很長時(shí)間在一個(gè)科目上，尤其是一個(gè)科學(xué)相關(guān)的科目”可知，D項(xiàng)“要根據(jù)不同的科目，把時(shí)間分成許多小的學(xué)時(shí)”與空前表達(dá)的意義一致，且D中的“hours”與主題句中的“time”呼應(yīng)，故選D項(xiàng)。18．根據(jù)空前“不要把同學(xué)當(dāng)成潛在的敵人”可知，E項(xiàng)“當(dāng)他們向你尋求幫助的時(shí)候，慷慨地分享你的智慧”承接上文，且與下文“通過幫助其他人解決問題，你鼓舞了其他人，鞏固了你的知識，獲得了持久的友誼”銜接緊密，E項(xiàng)中“they”指代空前一句中的“yourclassmates”，故選E項(xiàng)。19．空處是段落主題句，根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“不要讓你上一次的排名限制你，真正有關(guān)系的是你如何對待考試和排名。忘記班級或者年級排名，只與你自己競爭”可知，本段主要是說對待排名的態(tài)度，所以B項(xiàng)“用正確的態(tài)度對待排名”總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容，故選B項(xiàng)。20．本段是總結(jié)上文，根據(jù)空前“太多擔(dān)心只會增加你發(fā)展中的困難”可知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“如果你記住我的建議，你將會收獲許多，并且過上快樂的生活”承接上文，說明正確的做法，故選F項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】21．B22．C23．A24．D25．B26．D27．A28．C29．B30．D31．C32．A33．B34．D35．C36．C37．A38．D39．A40．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。在父親的飯店工作的經(jīng)歷讓作者認(rèn)識到，無論在哪兒工作，一個(gè)人對團(tuán)隊(duì)的奉獻(xiàn)是最重要的。21．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的第一份真正的工作，是在我六歲的時(shí)候，為食客們擦鞋。A.cleaning清潔；B.shining擦亮；C.removing除去；D.keeping保持。根據(jù)下文的“re-shinetheshoes”可知，作者的第一份真正的工作是為食客們擦鞋。故選B項(xiàng)。22．考查疑問詞詞義辨析。句意：我父親年輕的時(shí)候就做過，所以他教我如何高效地擦鞋，告訴我如果顧客不滿意，可以主動幫他重新擦鞋。A.why為什么；B.what什么；C.how怎樣；D.when什么時(shí)候。根據(jù)上文的“Myfatherhaddoneitwhenhewasyoung（我父親年輕的時(shí)候就這樣做過）”可知，因?yàn)楦赣H年輕的時(shí)候就做過，所以知道如何高效地擦鞋。故選C項(xiàng)。23．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我父親年輕的時(shí)候就做過，所以他教我如何高效地擦鞋，告訴我如果顧客不滿意，可以主動幫他重新擦鞋。A.offer主動提出；B.refuse拒絕；C.love愛；D.learn學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)句意和空格后的不定式“tore-shinetheshoes”可知，此處是考查offer的用法“offertodosomething”（主動提出做某事）。故選A項(xiàng)。24．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我父親年輕的時(shí)候就做過，所以他教我如何高效地擦鞋，告訴我如果顧客不滿意，可以主動幫他重新擦鞋。A.interested感興趣的；B.annoyed惱火的；C.relaxed放松的；D.satisfied滿意的。根據(jù)上文的“re-shinetheshoes”可知，肯定顧客不滿意，作者才會重新擦鞋。故選D項(xiàng)。25．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在餐廳工作是一件非常自豪的事情，因?yàn)槲乙苍跒榧彝サ睦婀ぷ?。A.fun樂趣；B.pride驕傲；C.trouble麻煩；D.effort努力。根據(jù)下文的“…becauseIwasalsoworkingforthegoodofthefamily”可知，因?yàn)樽髡咴跒榧彝サ睦婀ぷ?，所以他肯定感到自豪。故選B項(xiàng)。26．考查固定短語辨析。句意：但我父親明確表示，我必須達(dá)到一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能成為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。我必須守時(shí)，努力工作，對顧客有禮貌。A.gotitright做對了；B.keptitarule這是一條規(guī)則；C.tookitforgranted認(rèn)為這是理所當(dāng)然的；D.madeitclear說得很清楚。根據(jù)下文的句子“Ihadtomeetcertaintobepartoftheteam.Ihadtobepunctual,hard-working,andpolitetothe.”可知，這些是父親對作者的要求，父親把這些要求給作者講清楚。故選D項(xiàng)。27．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我父親明確表示，我必須達(dá)到一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能成為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。我必須守時(shí)，努力工作，對顧客有禮貌。A.standards標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；B.needs需要；C.challenges挑戰(zhàn)；D.situations情況。根據(jù)下文的句子“Ihadtobepunctual,hard-working,andpolitetothe（我必須守時(shí)，努力工作，對……有禮貌。）”可知，作者要想成為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員，必須達(dá)到上面這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選A項(xiàng)。28．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我父親明確表示，我必須達(dá)到一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)才能成為團(tuán)隊(duì)的一員。我必須守時(shí)，努力工作，對顧客有禮貌。A.family家庭；B.workers工人；C.customers顧客；D.friends朋友。根據(jù)第一段的“…re-shinetheshoesifthecustomerwasn't.”可知，作者在飯店里是為顧客擦鞋，所以他必須對顧客有禮貌。故選C項(xiàng)。29．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我在餐廳的工作從來沒有得到過報(bào)酬。A.always總是；B.never從來沒有；C.seldom很少；D.ever永遠(yuǎn)。根據(jù)下文的句子“OnedayImadethemistakeofDadthatheshouldgiveme$10aweek.”可知，作者在向他的父親要報(bào)酬，所以原來他在飯店工作沒有得到過報(bào)酬。故選B項(xiàng)。30．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有一天，我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，我建議爸爸每周給我10美元