70英語(yǔ)寫作中的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤課件

英語(yǔ)寫作中的常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤2023/7/261byWuJoy一、不一致(Disagreements)

所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致、時(shí)態(tài)不一致、及代詞不一致等.例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.(人一旦有了錢，他就能想干什么就干什么.)剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has;同理，want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致.改為：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)2023/7/262byWuJoy例2.EveryboyandgirlinGrade6areeagertowinthecontest.不定代詞anybody,everybody,each,every,anyone,nobody,somebody等，通常都跟單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。改為：EveryboyandgirlinGrade6iseagertowinthecontest.2023/7/263byWuJoyUseeitherasingularorpluralformofthewordsinbracketstofillineachblank.1.Sixtyhours____theamountofworktimeIcontractedfor.(be)2.Thejury_______toreachitsdecisionveryquickly.(expect)3.Hebelievesthatathletics________schoolmorale.(improve)4.Sheisoneofthewomenwho_____thiscountrywhatitis.(make)isexpectsimprovesmake2023/7/264byWuJoy二.修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位(MisplacedModifiers)英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同，同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化.對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解.例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.剖析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末.2023/7/265byWuJoy例2.Thestoryhetoldatfirstsoundedveryinteresting.這個(gè)句子意思不明確，會(huì)讓人感到難以理解。改為：Thestoryhetoldsoundedveryinterestingatfirst.2023/7/266byWuJoyFindanymisplacedmodifierinthefollowingsentences,andthenimprovethem1.Theyaresweepingthefloorwearingmasks.Wearingmasks,theyaresweepingthefloor.2.Thedriversaretoldtodrivecarefullyontheradio.Thedriversaretoldontheradiotodrivecarefully.2023/7/267byWuJoy3.ShehappilydepositedthemoneyshehasearnedteachingEnglishinhersavingsaccount.ShehappilydepositedinhersavingsaccountthemoneyshehasearnedteachingEnglish.4.Ialmostspenttwohoursonthisexercise.Ispentalmosttwohoursonthisexercise.2023/7/268byWuJoy三.句子不完整(SentenceFragments)

在口語(yǔ)中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書面語(yǔ)就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫完以后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)生.例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析：Thisisanexamplesentenceofphrasefragment.本句后半部分"forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立成句.改為：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.2023/7/269byWuJoy例2.MyparentsalwaysafraidthatImaygetlost.Manywritersoftenforgettoputinalinkingverborauxiliaryverb,thusproducingfragmentswithoutverbs.Thisisanexample.

改為：MyparentsarealwaysafraidthatImaygetlost.2023/7/2610byWuJoyTrytocorrectthefollowingsentences:1.Youcan’tringherupnow.Forit’salreadymidnight.Youcan’tringherupnow,forit’salreadymidnight.2.I’llmeetyouinthelibrary.Atfourintheafternoon.I’llmeetyouinthelibraryatfourintheafternoon.2023/7/2611byWuJoy3.Shestoodbythewindow.Andlookedatthestreetbelow.Shestoodbythewindowandlookedatthestreetbelow.4.Youeverseenherlately?

Haveyoueverseenherlately?2023/7/2612byWuJoy四.懸垂修飾語(yǔ)(DanglingModifiers)所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清.例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.這句中"attheageoften"只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí)，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明”誰(shuí)”十歲時(shí).按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn)，全句就不那么費(fèi)解了.改為：WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.剖析：句中不定式短語(yǔ)“todowellincollege”的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚.改為：Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.Someparticipleorinfinitivephraseslikegenerallyspeaking,Judgingby,tobefrank,totellyouthetruth,etcareusedtomodifierthewholesentence.Theyshouldnotbeconsideredasdanglingmodifiers.2023/7/2613byWuJoyIdentifyanydanglingmodifierinthefollowingsentences,andthenmakeimprovementswherenecessary.1.Onenteringtheoffice,manyquestioningeyeswerefixedontheboss.Onenteringtheoffice,thebossmetwithmanyquestioningeyes.2.Tobefrank,you’rereallyfunny.3.Coveredwithsnow,Ifindthebamboomoreattractive.Coveredwithsnow,thebamboobecamemoreattractive.2023/7/2614byWuJoy4.Tobuyagoodcomputer,manyfactorsshouldbetakenintoconsideration.Tobuyagoodcomputer,youhavetotakemanyfactorsintoconsideration.5.Checkingcarefully,aseriousmistakewasfoundinthedesign.Checkingcarefully,theyfoundaseriousmistakeinthedesign.6.Judgingbywhatyousaid,hehasdonequiteagoodjob.2023/7/2615byWuJoy五.詞性誤用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)“詞性誤用”常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等.例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析：negative系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。改為：Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.2023/7/2616byWuJoy1.Lifeisbeauty,happyanddifficult.Lifeisbeautiful,happyanddifficult.

2.Everyonehashisownattitudetotreatlife.Everyonehashisownattitudetolife.3.Iwanthimtogowithusevenhedoesn’twantto.Iwanthimtogowithusevenifhedoesn’twantto.4.Thestudentsagainsttheplanmadebytheteacher.Thestudentsareagainsttheplanmadebytheteacher.5.Duringschool,hewrotehisfirstnovel.Whileatschool,hewrotehisfirstnovel.6.Straightroadsgoesstraightlyfromoneplacetoanother.Straightroadsgoesstraightfromoneplacetoanother.2023/7/2617byWuJoy六.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好，因?yàn)樗鏊陌槟铩?讀完上面這一句話，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.剖析：句中人稱代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為：Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.2023/7/2618byWuJoyCorrectanymistakeintheuseofpronouns.Whenapersonreadsaboutanaturaldisasterinanothercountry,ithardlyaffectsyou.OfcourseIfeelbadandupsetwhenpeoplegetkilled.Butasthesedisastershappenthousandsofmilesawayfromyouandbecausetheydon’taffectyourownlife,peoplearen’ttraumatizedbythem.Ifafloodkilledaclosefriendofmine,youwouldbemoreemotionallyupset.2023/7/2619byWuJoyWhenwereadaboutanaturaldisasterinanothercountry,ithardlyaffectsus.Ofcoursewefeelbadandupsetwhenpeoplegetkilled.Butasthesedisastershappenthousandsofmilesawayfromusandbecausetheydon’taffectourownlife,wearen’ttraumatizedbythem.Ifafloodkilledaclosefriendofours,wewouldbemoreemotionallyupset.2023/7/2620byWuJoy七.不間斷句子(Run-onSentences)什么叫run-onsentence?請(qǐng)看下面的例句。例1.Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.剖析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思：“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。改為：Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.或：Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutsideworld.例2.Youcan’tgohomenow,itisrainingsoheavily.該句用逗號(hào)將表達(dá)兩個(gè)意思句子連接，在英語(yǔ)中是不符合語(yǔ)法的，應(yīng)該將其中一個(gè)變成從句。改為：Youcan’tgohomenowsinceitisrainingsoheavily.2023/7/2621byWuJoyRevisethefollowingsentences:1.IfinishedmyworkthenIwenttobed.2.Vegetablesaregoodtoyourhealthhowever,overeatingthemwillalsobeharmful.3.Nobodywillbuythesenovels,theyaretooexpensive.Ifinishedmywork,andthenIwenttobed.Vegetablesaregoodtoyourhealth.However,overeatingthemwillalsobeharmful.Nobodywillbuythesenovels,theyaretooexpensive.2023/7/2622byWuJoy5.PeoplewatchTVfordifferentreasonssotheirjudgmentnaturallydiffers.4.Heheardlaughterinsidethehouse,nooneansweredthedoor.5.PeoplewatchTVfordifferentreasonstheirjudgmentnaturallydiffers.Heheardlaughterinsidethehouse,butnooneansweredthedoor.2023/7/2623byWuJoy八.措詞毛病(TroublesinDiction)

Diction是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題，囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫作中沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來(lái)就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。例1.Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.(農(nóng)業(yè)方面化學(xué)物質(zhì)使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles“障礙”，“障礙物”誤作substance“物質(zhì)”了。另外“theincreasinguse(不斷增加的使用)”應(yīng)改為“abusiveuse(濫用)”。改為：Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.2023/7/2624byWuJoyCorrectthemisusedwordsinthefollowingsentences1.Thelittleboywasmouse-hearted.2.Thatpoliticianisarespectablefigureinthepoliticalarena.3.Wesatdownbytheoaktree,enjoyingthewindcomingfromthelake.4.Socialhabitsvaryfromcountrytocountry.5.MyfatheropenedthecurtainalittleleastIseehim.6.Ouruniversitycancontain4,000students.chicken-heartedstatesmanbreezecustomsdrawbackaccommodate2023/7/2625byWuJoy九.累贅(Redundancy)

言以簡(jiǎn)潔為貴。寫句子沒(méi)有一個(gè)多余的詞；寫段落沒(méi)有一個(gè)無(wú)必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組；能用詞組的不用從句或句子。已經(jīng)用過(guò)的介詞或代詞不要重復(fù)使用。如：Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同謂語(yǔ)從句，我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”可以改為：Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.再如：Formanypeople,theyfindgrammarboring.本句中主語(yǔ)其實(shí)已經(jīng)隱含在介詞短語(yǔ)中，因此可以將此句修剪為：Manypeoplefindgrammarboring.2023/7/2626byWuJoyImprovethefollowingsentences.1.Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.2.Timeisthekindofthingthatyoucannotcontrolitwithyourwill.Becausehewasscolded,t