英語寫作套路

英語寫作套路英語寫作套路

英語寫作套路

英語寫作套路

一、作文的基本模式寫作框架：

第一段：thesis,supportingdetails點(diǎn)題，提出論點(diǎn)

過渡句topicsentence，中間段body：該句是中間段（其次段、核心段）的領(lǐng)頭句，是第一段過渡到中間段（其次段）的橋梁，是承上啟下的連接句，它直接關(guān)系到中間段的進(jìn)展方向，因此，務(wù)必寫好它，做到簡潔、奇妙、通暢，不拖泥帶水。

在核心段要留意各層次之間的轉(zhuǎn)換、連接。假如是同類思想，用moreover,inaddition,what’s

more等。假如狀況相反，則用however,nevertheless等。

結(jié)尾段conclusion：該段是全篇文章的總結(jié)段，應(yīng)當(dāng)緊扣開頭，回答問題或者表達(dá)出的觀點(diǎn)。

NoPains,NoGains

(1)Nearlyeverycivilizationhasitsownequivalenttotheproverb“Nopainsnogains”.Itmeansthatnothingthatisreallyworthhavingcanbegainedwithoutpainstakingeffortsandthatnoknowledgeorskillcanbeacquiredwithoutsweatortoil.

(3)Youdon’thavetolookveryfartoprovethetruthoftheproverb.Darwin’sgreatdiscoverywasnottheworkofmomenteffortbutwasprecededbyyearsofpatient,arduousobservation.

MozartwasnotanacplishedpianistattheageofeightastheresultofwatchingcountlesshoursofTV.NordidEdisonmakehimselfthegreatestinventorintheworldbyspendinghissparetimeonegoingtopartiesandbars.Hiswords“Geniusis99percentperspirationandonepercent

inspiration”revealthesecretofthousandsofsuccessfulmenandwomen.Allacplishmentsandsuccesstheyachieved,withoutexception,efromsustainedendeavor.

(9)Althoughitisanoldsayinganditsillustrationismainlyfoundinfamouspeople,nopainsnogainsalsohasitsprofoundandrealisticsignificanceinourcollegestudies.Tohaveagoodgradeinacourse,toacquireknowledgeinaparticularfield,ortoattainanyacademicgoalsrequiresgreatexertionandpersistenteffort.

第一句點(diǎn)題，自然貼切。第三句為過渡句，引出下文。中間段用了三個(gè)名人的故事，證明開頭所提的觀點(diǎn)，信手拈來，論證貼切，自然。用Although…句引出結(jié)尾段，總結(jié)全文，表達(dá)出的基本觀點(diǎn)。

二、作文布局與技巧

I．開頭段如何寫：奇筆開篇（開篇要新穎以吸引讀者的留意力，造成先聲奪人的效

果）；開宗明義（使得觀點(diǎn)明確，主題清晰，贊成什么，反對(duì)什么，在文章的開頭把自己的觀點(diǎn)明確、清晰地亮出，可以使文章在開頭就有了立足的根基）；起承轉(zhuǎn)合（起筆就要定好基調(diào)，定好如何綻開下文；中間部分頭尾兼顧；結(jié)尾則應(yīng)呼應(yīng)開頭）

以格言、引語開頭

Time

“Timeandtidewaitfornoman.”Thisisaproverbwelearnedinhighschool.Simpleasitis,it

tellsaneverlastingtruthoflife.Timeneverstopsforanyoneoranything,soallhavetosurrendertoitsquick-passingsteps.Thepressingproblemthenis:howtomakegooduseofit?Peoplemayhavedifferentattitudestoit.

以定義法開頭

Hope

Whatishope?AccordingtotheGreekandRomanmythology,hopeisthelastthingthatisleftin

Pandora’sbox.Itissomethingthatalwaysstayswithpen-pienomatterwhatkindofmisfortunehashappened,andencouragespeopletofightwiththemisfortuneuntilthelastmoment.

Anyonewhohassomeexperienceswillagreethatlifeishard.

以開宗明義、之抒胸臆的句子開頭

OnBooks

Booksareofvariouskindsandhavedifferentcontents.Wehavehistorybooksrecordingpast

events,geographybooksdealingwiththeearth,mathematicsbooksfocusingonspaceandnumbers,languagebooksdealingwiththemeansofmunicationandliterarybooksreflectingsocialproblems.Inaword,wehavevariousbookstacklingdifferentoccurrenceintheworld.

Then,whatisthefunctionofreading?

以數(shù)字開頭

PopulationofaSmallIslandState

Fromthediagram,wecanseethatbetween1990and1950,thepopulationofthestateremaineda

littlemorethan200,000.Since1950ithasbeenincreasingrapidly.Inthepastfourdecades,thepopulationhasgoneupoverthreetimes.

Thereareseveralreasonsfortheincrease.Firstly…

現(xiàn)象法開頭

AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofAdvertisements

Nowadays,itisdifficulttofindapublicplacewithoutadvertisement.Wereadadsinthepress,see

themonthetelevision,andhearthemovertheradio.Evenwhenwewatchaballgame,adswillmeetoureye.

Itistruethatineconomicactivitiesadvertisementsareplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.

Theytellpeopleaboutnewproductsandhelppromotesales.以扣人心弦的故事材料開頭

GunCrimes

MymindwentnumbwhenIsawthegunpointingagainstthecarwindowsaspulledoutofthe

garage:Thiscan’tbehappeningtome.ThenIfeltthegun,cold,againstmyhead,andIheardmyfriendJeremysaying,“Whatdoyouwant?Takemywallet,”butatthetimeIthoughtofnothing.

Irememberbeingvaguelyannoyedwhenthegunmanpulledmefromthecarbythehair.

以引用語開頭

OnceaThief,AlwaysaThief?

“Becarefulofhim.Maybehewillstealsomethingfromyou.Hewasonceathief.”Weoftenhear

otherstalkingaboutsomebodylikethis.Peopleoftendonotbelieveapersonwhohasoncebeenathief.Butonehasoncebeenathief,oneisalwaysathief?

Somepeoplebelievethatonceapersonhasmittedsomekindofcrime,hewillneverbea

respectableman.Theythinkthatthefactapersononcehasbeenathiefshowthathewantstobeathiefinhisdeepheart.

提出問題式開頭

Hobbies

Whatdoyouthinkoftheroleofhobbiesinyourdailylife?Doyouhaveanyhobbies?It’s

well-knownthathobbiescanenrichoursparetime,moldourtemperamentandfreeusfromtheseverepressurederivingfromthepetitionconcerningworkandstudyaswell.

Differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.Somepeoplelikeactivehobbies,thatis,sportssuchasplayingfootballorbasketball,running,swimmingandskating.Others…

2.作文中間段（核心段）的寫作技巧核心段的結(jié)構(gòu)特征：

Sub-topicsentence（該句為過渡句，責(zé)任重大，既要承上啟下，又要統(tǒng)領(lǐng)整個(gè)其次段，務(wù)必寫好它。）Ideasandsupportdetails過渡好了以后該怎么辦？接下來的是最關(guān)鍵的部分，可以分兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)來加以論述，提出一個(gè)idea,再找出supportdetails，然后再提出其次個(gè)idea,再用supportdetails來論證它…。有詳細(xì)論證、舉例、對(duì)比、設(shè)問、演繹歸納、記敘、規(guī)律挨次、時(shí)間挨次等寫作方法。中間段的寫作要留意：

1）意思的完整性2）意思的統(tǒng)一性3）意思的連貫性

3．結(jié)尾段

結(jié)尾應(yīng)剛健有力、簡潔明快，不拖泥帶水。好的結(jié)尾一般有這么三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：簡潔有力，出人意料，寓意無窮。

詳細(xì)方法論有：總結(jié)全文，卒章顯志（直接總結(jié)全文，將的觀點(diǎn)或全文的中心思想在最終高度概括和盤托出，具有歸納性和總結(jié)性），首尾呼應(yīng)（對(duì)開頭所講的觀點(diǎn)、看法，提出一個(gè)滿足的解決方案），終局點(diǎn)睛（在文章的末尾用一兩句含義豐富的話點(diǎn)出全篇的主旨所在，或表達(dá)的某種感情和思想），提出建議、發(fā)出號(hào)召（總結(jié)全文，也對(duì)將來提出展望）

信號(hào)詞：

1．總括過渡詞

asarule,asfarasIamconcerned,asforme,economicallyspeaking,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,inmyview,insomerespects,obviously,onalargerscale,onapersonallevel,practicallyspeaking

2．同類過渡詞

both…and…,equallyimportant,foronething…foranother…,inasimilarway,inthesameway,likewise,namely,similarly,thatis,thesameas

3．對(duì)比過渡詞

conversely,insharpcontrast,in/bycontrast,onthecontrary,ononehand…ontheotherhand,otherwise,ratherthan,unlike,but,whereas

4．舉例過渡詞

Acaseinpointisthat…,asanillustration,forexample,forinstance,suchas,asantherexample,asstillanotherexample

5．列舉過渡詞

firstofall,first,second,third,inthefirstplace,initially,tostartwith,firstandforemost,furthermore,inaddition,moreover,What’smore,finally

6．緣由過渡詞

byvirtueof借助，由于,dueto,considering,asaresultof,given,inviewof,onaccountof,onthegroundsthat,owingto,seeingthat

7．讓步過渡詞

although,inspiteof,itistrue…but,eventhough,ofcourse,certainly,admittedly,indeed,true

8．轉(zhuǎn)折過渡詞

nevertheless,however,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,yet

9．強(qiáng)調(diào)過渡詞

anyway,chiefly,evenworse,moreoftenthannot,mostimportantofall,needlesstosay,nodoubt,particularly,tobesure

10．目的過渡詞withtheaimof,forthesakeof,withaviewto,forthepurposeof

11．承接過渡詞

uponreceivingthenewsthat=assoonas,asamatteroffact,sotospeak,however,asitwere,dayafterday,yearinandyearout

12．條件過渡詞given,aslongas,providedthat

13．結(jié)論過渡詞

allinall,accordingly,asaconsequence,asaresult,byandlarge,consequently,hence,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,itfollowsthat,onthataccount,onthewhole,therefore,thus,toconclude,tosumupinaword,withtheresultthat,insummary

擴(kuò)展閱讀：英語寫作套路

寫作套路

我們知道，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)掌控著文章的全局。作文的內(nèi)容當(dāng)然重要，但它離不開結(jié)構(gòu)的襯托。沒有結(jié)構(gòu)的內(nèi)容就如同一盤散沙，令人無所適從。

以下的套路可以關(guān)心初寫者理清思路，使文章不至于離題萬里。恰當(dāng)使用這些套路的關(guān)鍵在于敏捷運(yùn)用而不是生搬硬套。（一）、MyViewON…題型

公說公有理，婆說婆有理，很多話題永久爭辯不休。寫作常考的就是這種題型。例如：“1、失敗是常有的事。2、人們對(duì)失敗有各種不同的態(tài)度。3、我對(duì)失敗的態(tài)度?！薄?、有人認(rèn)為金錢是幸福之本SOURCEOFHAPPINESS。2、也有人認(rèn)為金錢是萬惡之源ROOTOFEVIL。3、我的看法?！钡鹊?。下面三種套路可任選一個(gè)。

套路一：

People’sviews/ideas/opinionson……varyfrompersontoperson.Somepeoplethinkthat……Theyholdthisopinionbecause……However,othersholdthat……

Astome,Iaminfavorofthefirst/secondidea.Thefollowingarethereasonsof/formychoice/personalinclination.

First,whileitistruethat……,itdoesn’tmeanthat……Besides/Ontheotherhand,……Admittedly,……butthisisnottosaythat……

Therefore/Inaword/Fromthingsmentionedabove,……套路二：

Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentviewson……Itisheldthat……

1Butitisalsoheldthat……

Thosewhoholdthefirstopinion……Incontrast,thosewhoholdthesecondview……

Astome,Iagreewiththelatteropinion.Admittedly,…….Butthisisnottosaythat……

套路三：

Whenaskedaboutatheme,differentpeoplewillofferdifferentopinions……isnoexception.Somepeopletakeitforgranted/say/think/believethat……However,othersholdthat……

AsfarasIamconcerned,Iaminfavorofthefirst/secondview.Thereasonsareasfollows.

First,thereisanelementoftruththat……butitdoesn’tfollowthat……Acaseinpointisthat……Therefore,thefirstviewdoesn’tholdwater/cannotbearmuchanalysis/can’tstanduptocloseexamination.

Inconclusion……（二）、AdvantageandDisadvantageof…題型

事物總是一分為二的。寫作題目中有很多是涉及某一事物的正反兩方面。比如“運(yùn)動(dòng)的樂觀因素和消極因素”，“雙休日的好處與負(fù)作用”，“新的科技給社會(huì)帶來的好處與問題”等等。凡涉及到利弊的題目時(shí)都可以用下面這個(gè)套路。

套路:

Nowadays,……playsanimportantpart/rolein……Likeeverythingelse,……h(huán)as/havebothfavorableandunfavorableaspects.Generally,the

advantagecanbelistedasfollows.

First,……Besides,……Mostimportantofall,……

Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,……Tomakemattersworse/worstofall,……

Throughaboveanalysis,Ibelievethattheadvantages/positiveaspectsoutweighthedisadvantage/negativeones.Therefore,……（三）、Howto…題型

方法人人都有。你能把你想出的方法一個(gè)一個(gè)地排列清晰嗎？比如“怎樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)綠化”，“我是如何克服英語學(xué)習(xí)中的困難的”，“我怎么為我抱負(fù)的職業(yè)做預(yù)備”等等，就可以用到下面這個(gè)套路。

套路:……

Manywayscancontributetosolvethisseriousproblem,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall,……Besides,/Anotherwaytosolvetheproblemof……is……Finally,……

Therearenotthebestandtheonlytwo/threemeasureswecantake.Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakestrongactionsto……（四）、AorB…題型

人生面臨著很多選擇。這在考試寫作中也反映了出來。例如“始終從事一種工作還是常常更換工作”，“有選擇的讀書還是博覽群書”等。遇到這種“兩者選一”的題目，便可運(yùn)用下列兩種套路中的一種。

套路一:

Whenwe/you……,we/youface2thechoicebetweenAandB.Beforemakingtherightchoice,we/youhadbettermakeacloseparisonandcontrastofthem.

Firstofall,A……Also,B……Second,A……Likewise,B……Despitetheirsimilarities,AandBarealsodifferentinthefollowingaspects.First,A……However,B……Besides,A……Onthecontrary,B……

Therefore,itdependswhich……we/youshouldchoose.Ifwe/you……,we/youshouldchooseA;butifwe/you……,we/youshouldturntoB.

套路二:

Whenwe……,itisinevitabletomeetthechoicebetweenAandB.Weshouldberegardedasinconsiderateifwerushedourdecisionwithoutparingorcontrastingthem.

First/Firstofall/Tobeginwith,bothAandB……A……However,B……Besides/Moreover/Inaddition/What’smore,A……However/Incontrast/Onthecontrary/Ontheotherhand,……Finally,themoststrikingdifferenceisthatA……whileB……Therefore,itisnotdifficulttomakearightchoicenow.Ifwe……wewillchooseA;butifwe……wewillturntoB.Inaword,thekeyliesin……

（五）、Why…題型

有因必有果，有果必有因?？荚嚳季売傻囊苍S多。比如“為什么自行車在中國這么普及”，“我為什么參與這份工作”等等。要說明緣由或理由，可用如下兩種套路的任何一種。

套路一:

……Therearemanyreasons/causesfor……,Butingeneral,theyedowntothreemajorones.Foronething,……Foranother,……Perhapstheprimereason/causeisthat……Fromtheforegoing,…….

套路二:

Therearemanyfactorsthatmayaccountfor/contributeto/responsibleforthereasonwhy……,butthefollowingarethemosttypicalones.First,……Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Inaddition/What’smore,……Mostimportantofall/Aboveall,……

Allinall/Inconclusion,……

如何寫好開頭和結(jié)尾

一、開頭萬能公式：

1．開頭萬能公式一：名人名言

有人問了，“我沒有記住名言，怎么辦？尤其是英語名言？”，很好辦：編！

原理：我們看到的東西許多都是制造出來的，包括我們觀賞的文章也是，所以盡管編，但是肯定要聽起來很有道理.經(jīng)典句型：

Thereisaproverbgoeslikethis/Aproverbsays,“Youareonlyyoungonce.”（適用于已記住的名言）

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.（適用于自編名言）更多經(jīng)典句型：

2.開頭萬能公式二：數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)

原理：要想更有說服力，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來說明。

原則上在談?wù)撐漠?dāng)中不應(yīng)當(dāng)消失虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型：

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.

看起來這個(gè)數(shù)字文鄒鄒的，其實(shí)都是編造出來的，下面任憑幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造：

Honesty

依據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，高校生向老師請假的理由當(dāng)中78%都是假的。

TravelbyBike

依據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候首選的交通工具是自行車。

Youth

依據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，在某個(gè)高校，同學(xué)的課余時(shí)間的70%都是在休閑消遣。Five-dayWorkWeekBetterthanSix-dayWork?依據(jù)最近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：

Arecentstatisticsshowsthat…二結(jié)尾萬能公式：

3Aseveryoneknows,Noonecandenythat…

1．結(jié)尾萬能公式一：如此結(jié)論

說完了，究竟要?dú)w納一番，相信各位都有這樣的經(jīng)受，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)長篇大論，到最終最終冒出個(gè)“總而言之”之類的話，我們立刻停止開小差，等待領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說結(jié)束語。也就是說，開頭很好，也必定要有一個(gè)精彩的結(jié)尾，讓讀者眼前一亮，這樣，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously（此為過渡短語）,wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.

假如讀者很難“顯而見之”，但說無妨，就當(dāng)讀者的眼光太淺罷了！更多過渡短語：

tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,onaccountofthis,thus

更多句型：

Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…,Therefore,wecanfindthat…2．結(jié)尾萬能公式二：如此建議

假如說“如此結(jié)論”是結(jié)尾最沒用的廢話，那么“如此建議”應(yīng)當(dāng)是最有價(jià)值的廢話了，由于這里雖然也是廢話，但是卻用了一個(gè)很經(jīng)典的虛擬語氣的句型。

Obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.

這里的虛擬語氣用得很經(jīng)典，由于考官原來常常考這個(gè)句型，而假如我們自己寫出來，你說考官會(huì)怎么想呢？更多句型：

Accordingly,Iremendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.

Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.

如何寫好主體段落

一、舉實(shí)例

4思維短路，舉實(shí)例！提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，舉實(shí)例！提出一個(gè)方案，舉實(shí)例！而且者也是我們揭示一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)最好的方式，任何狀況下，只要我們無法連續(xù)文章，