高考英語閱讀理解-環(huán)保低碳課件

環(huán)保低碳(四十一)A.thesocialmovement B.recyclingtechniquesC.environmentalproblems D.theimportanceofEarthDay1.AccordingtoAnderson,before1970,Americanshadlittleideaabout____.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Wedidn’tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit…“那時候我們甚至不知道環(huán)境的存在,更別提環(huán)境問題了……”可知,當時美國人對環(huán)境問題沒有足夠的認識,因此應(yīng)選擇C項。A.Thegrass-rootslevel. B.Thebusinesscircle.C.Governmentofficials. D.Universityprofessors.2.Wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlycomefrom?A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Businesspeople,politicalleaders,universityprofessors,andespeciallymillionsofgrass-rootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.“商人、政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人、大學(xué)教授,尤其是數(shù)百萬的基層美國民眾正在參與這項運動”可知,這里強調(diào)了這個運動的支持者應(yīng)該是那些普通的美國民眾,因此答案應(yīng)是A項。A.Theyhavecutcaremissionstothelowest.B.Theyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems.C.TheyhaveloweredtheirCOlevelsinfortycities.D.Theyhavereducedpollutionthrougheffectivemeasures.3.WhathaveAmericansachievedinenvironmentalprotection?D細節(jié)理解題。第三段列舉的這些數(shù)字證明了美國人采取了有效措施,減少了環(huán)境污染,因此答案選D項。A.Education. B.Planning. C.Greenliving. D.COreduction.4.Whatisespeciallyimportantforenvironmentalprotectionaccordingtothelastparagraph?A推理判斷題。結(jié)合最后一段提到的“25年以前,在美國幾乎沒有關(guān)于環(huán)境的教育項目,而如今,很難找到?jīng)]有類似項目的公立學(xué)校、大學(xué)或者法學(xué)院了”,再結(jié)合布魯斯所說的“沒有教育,就無法改變環(huán)境問題”,我們可以推斷出教育的重要性。A.HowthefirstEarthDaycameintobeing.B.Americahasmadegreatprogressinprotectingtheenvironment.C.Akindof“greenthinking”hasbecomepartofpracticesinAmerica.D.ProtectingtheenvironmenthasgrownintoasocialmovementinAmerica.5.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?B主旨大意題。主要介紹了美國人在環(huán)保問題認識上的變化以及他們采取了一些有效措施積極應(yīng)對環(huán)境問題等。故選Ｂ。movementn.運動 universityn.大學(xué)especiallyadv.尤其是 governorn.州長；統(tǒng)治者improvementn.改善 programn.節(jié)目；項目environmentn.環(huán)境 pollutionn.污染［復(fù)記強化］［難句理解］

Today,it’shardtofindapublicschool,university,orlawschoolthatdoesnothavesuchakindofprogram.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：本句含有一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，其先行詞是publicschool，university,lawschool中的任何一個，因此從句動詞是單數(shù)。漢語大意：如今，很難找到一所沒有這樣的課程的公立學(xué)校、大學(xué)或者法學(xué)院。(四十二)A.zero-carbonhomes B.thebehaviourofbuildingusersC.sustainablebuildingdesign D.thereductionofcarbonemissions1.Astoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceof_____.B細節(jié)理解題。由第一段中“Thebehaviourofabuilding’susersmaybeatleastasimportantas…可知，選B。文中“atleastasimportantas(至少是一樣重要)”跟題干中“stressestheimportance強調(diào)重要性”為同義轉(zhuǎn)換。A.theways B.theirhomes C.developments D.existingefforts2.Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto“_____.”D推理判斷題。本題是要求考生理解引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞which指代什么內(nèi)容，即先行詞是哪個詞。劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容是一個很長的復(fù)合句，我們不妨先把它的主干部分提取出來“thewayshavebeenignoredbyexistingefforts(現(xiàn)有的努力忽視了這些方式)”；再根據(jù)下劃線后面的內(nèi)容“whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments(而是集中在了建筑和科技的發(fā)展上)”,很明顯，which指代的是現(xiàn)有的努力。3.WhatareKatyJanda’swordsmainlyabout?A.Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusers’habits.B.Thenecessityofmakingacarefulbuildingdesign.C.Thevarietyofconsumptionpatternsofbuildingusers.D.Theroleoftechnologyinimprovingenergyefficiency.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干“KatyJanda’swords”可知是對第三段中引號里面的內(nèi)容進行概括，考生大多會覺得引號里面的內(nèi)容很難理解，但其后的“Inotherwords”告訴我們可以直接去理解“Inotherwords，oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthebest-designedeco-home(舊的習慣很難消除，甚至在設(shè)計得很好的生態(tài)房屋里面)”，這跟選項A“Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusers’habits(改變房屋使用者習慣是重要的)”為同義轉(zhuǎn)換。A.canbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilitiesB.affectsthestudyonenergymonitorsC.bringsaboutproblemsforsmartmetersD.willbecausedbybuildingusers’oldhabits4.Theinformationgapinenergyuse____.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干“Theinformationgapinenergyuse”可知應(yīng)該在倒數(shù)第三段中“informationgap”的附近尋找答案，就在前面有“Feedback(反饋)facilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors，couldhelpbridgethisinformationgap”可知答案為A。文章中的主動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化為了選項中的被動語態(tài)。5.Whatdoesthedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggest?A.Thesocialscienceresearchistobefurthered.B.Theeducationprogrammeisunderdiscussion.C.Thebehaviourofbuildingusersisunpredictable.D.Thebehaviourpreferenceofbuildingusersissimilar.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的“thedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggest”可知應(yīng)該在最后一段“Socialscienceresearchhasadded…”附近尋找答案，緊接著后面就出現(xiàn)了“individuals’behaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted”可知選C。文中的“can’tbepredicted(不能被預(yù)測)”跟選項中的“unpredictable”為同義轉(zhuǎn)換。A.thecity’slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting1.Ithappenedlastnightthat_____.A細節(jié)理解題。由第一段的最后兩句peoplegatheredinthesuburbsofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatch…Whattheyfoundinsteadwas…passingoverhead可知,本來人們是興致勃勃地想觀看流星的，卻因夜空被城市明亮的燈光所點綴，而影響了觀星。(四十三)A.Meteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbefore.B.Theirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepair.C.Lightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyears.D.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting2.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?C推理判斷題。由第三段的第一、二兩句Astronomers—scientists…planets—havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythat…inthepast可知，天文學(xué)家們幾十年來一直在抱怨燈光污染使得他們不能像以前一樣很清晰地觀察到天上的物體了，由此可推斷出燈光污染這個問題幾十年來都沒得到解決。A.Birdsmaytakeothermigrationpaths.B.Animals’livinghabitsmaychangesuddenly.C.Varietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreduced.D.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting.3.WhatistheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?D推理判斷題。第四段開頭就明確指出燈光污染給鳥類，蝙蝠,青蛙,蛇等動物帶來不良影響,接下來再以每年統(tǒng)計的約有一億鳥類受燈光污染而死亡的數(shù)字為例，說明燈光污染已經(jīng)威脅到了動物的生存。A.lessenthechanceofgettingcancer B.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnight D.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony4.LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,Arizonaareputintoeffectto____.B細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段的第二句Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona….inordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory可知，推行此規(guī)定就是為了給天文學(xué)家創(chuàng)造更好的觀測條件。A.Savingwildlifeissavingourselves.B.Greateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergy.C.Humanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy.5.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?C主旨大意題。由文章最后一句Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,…and…remindustoturnoffthelightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight可知造成燈光污染的直接對象就是人類，人類應(yīng)該避免在夜間過度使用燈光，讓其他生物也能夠享受夜晚。因此，作者寫這篇文章就是要告訴我們要與自然和諧相處。其他選項在文中均沒有提及，無中生有。townresident城市居民turnouttobe結(jié)果是complainabout抱怨severelyaffect嚴重影響exposuretolight暴露于燈光takemeasuresto采取措施artificiallighting人工照明beunderway正在進行中thenegativeeffects消極的影響enforcelightingregulation加強燈光控制inthesuburbsofthecity在城市的郊區(qū)［復(fù)記強化］［難句理解］Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateurstarobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：besides在此作介詞，意為“除了……之外,還有……”,因此besidesprofessionalandamateurstarobservers是個介詞短語。thatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution是個定語從句，修飾先行詞population，而不是observers。漢語大意：除了專業(yè)和業(yè)余的星體觀察者之外，還有一個群體遭受到更多的燈光污染。A.GoingGreen B.ProtectingthePlanetC.KeepingOpen—Minded D.CelebratingOurGreenYear1.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?(四十四)A主旨大意題。文章從開篇就指出goinggreen（力行環(huán)保；推動綠化）不但是一種時尚而且還是一種生活方式，接下來又描述一家人為gogreen所做的努力，最后作者又表明了能有機會用自身行動去gogreenandeducateothers感動榮幸,故選項A正確；選項B(保護我們的星球)和選項D(慶祝我們的環(huán)保年)都只是文章細節(jié)的一部分,故排除；選項C（保持開放的思想）在文中沒有提及，是無中生有,也排除。A.theywereexpectedtofollowthegreenfadB.theydidn’tknowhowtoeducateotherpeopleC.theywereunwillingtoreducetheirenergyD.theyneededtoperformunusualgreentasks2.Itwasdifficultforthecoupletoliveagreenlifeforthewholeyearbecause____.D細節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句…wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask可知，作者一家一年里必須完成一件不容易的任務(wù)：想出365種不同的環(huán)保事情去做。可見，既是不容易也是不同尋常的。A.Theytriedtogetoutoftheirungreenhabits.B.Theyignoredothers’ungreenbehavior.C.Theychosebetterchemicalcleaners.D.Theysoldtheirhome-madefood.3.WhatdidthecoupledooverthecourseofOurGreenYear?A細節(jié)理解題。由第四段最后一句Inourhomeofficeanyonecaughtdoingsomethingungreenmightbepunished.可知，作者一家在這一年里無論是誰，只要做出不環(huán)保的事就可能會受到懲罰,可知他們是要試圖擺脫掉平日里不環(huán)保的習慣。A.Thegovernmentwillgivesupporttothegreenproject.B.Thecouplemaycontinuetheirprojectinthefuture.C.Somepeopledisagreewiththecouple’sgreenideas.D.OurGreenYearisbecominganationalcampaign.4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?B推理判斷題。由文章最后一段可知，作者一家為有機會能用自身行動去力行環(huán)保而感到十分榮幸，并表明我們是有能力去改變一些東西，幫助我們的星球的，由此可推斷這對夫婦將來還會繼續(xù)去推動他們的環(huán)保項目。overthecourseof在……的過程中consumelessmeat吃少一點肉giveaway贈送vinegarandlemonjuice醋和檸檬汁chemicalcleaner化學(xué)清潔劑begratefulfor對……心存感激［復(fù)記強化］［難句理解］Inourhomeofficeanyonecaughtdoingsomethingungreenmightbepunished.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：整個句子的主干是anyonemightbepunished；Inourhomeoffice是個地點狀語；caughtdoingsomething是過去分詞短語作后置定語。catchsb.doingsth.意為“碰巧抓到某人在做某事”。漢語句意：在我們家，任何被碰巧抓到不做環(huán)保的事情的人都會被懲罰。A.Plants’reactiontoweathercouldhavedamagingeffectsonecosystem.B.Theincreasingspeedoffloweringisbeyondscientists’expectation.C.Climatechangeleadstothechangeoffoodproductionpatterns.D.Foodchainshavebeenseriouslydamagedbecauseofweather.1.WhatisthekeyinformationtheauthorwantstogiveinParagraph1?B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知,由于氣候的變化,植物開花的速度比科學(xué)家預(yù)測的要快。(四十四)A.plants’floweringis8.5timesfasterthanleafingB.thereare1,634plantspeciesonthefourcontinentsC.scientistsshouldimprovethedesignoftheexperimentsD.theexperimentsfailedtopredicthowplantsreacttoclimatechange2.WecanlearnfromthestudypublishedontheNaturewebsitethat____.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的Thedesignoffutureexperimentsmayneedtobeimprovedtobetterpredicthowplantswillreacttoclimatechange可知。3.Scientistspayspecialattentiontothestudyofplantsbecause___.A.theycanprovetheclimatechangeclearlyB.theyareveryimportantinthefoodchainsC.theyplayaleadingroleinreducingglobalwarmingD.theyaregrowingandfloweringmuchfasterthanbeforeB細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段,植物對地球上的生命是必要的,它們是食物鏈的基礎(chǔ)。4.Theunderlinedword“drought”inthelastparagraphmeansalongperiodof___.A.dryweather B.windyweather C.rainyweather D.snowyweatherA詞義猜測題。本文主要講述的是全球升溫,再根據(jù)該詞后面的flood可推出。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsabouttheworld’stemperature?A.Ithasrisennearly0.2℃since1979.B.Itschangewillleadtoweatherextremes.C.Itis0.8℃higherin1979thanthatof1990.D.Itneedstobecontrolledwithin2℃inthiscentury.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段，地球溫度在持續(xù)上升，到目前為止，對減少溫室效應(yīng)方面的努力還不夠，因此本世紀要努力控制地球的溫度上升。［復(fù)記強化］findingsn.

調(diào)查結(jié)果advancen.

進展inreactionto對……做出反應(yīng)haveagreateffecton對……有很大影響flowerandleaf開花和長葉子resultfrom由……造成weatherextreme極端天氣thekeyobjectofstudy關(guān)鍵的研究對象1.Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?A.Smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.B.Somerailroadstopsremainedunderused.C.LandintheWestwashardtomanage.D.Landgrantswentintoprivatehands.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句中的leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland…..inbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement可推出。(四十五)2.Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Thetransmissionofpower.B.Theuseofmoneyandpower.C.Theconservationofsolarenergy.D.Theselectionofanidealplace.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段尤其是倒數(shù)第二段最后兩句Therearechancesforthatpowerandmoneytodoalotofgoo