2023年高二暑假話題閱讀快樂練：醫(yī)療科技的發(fā)展（含答案）

第第頁(yè)2023年高二暑假話題閱讀快樂練：醫(yī)療科技的發(fā)展（含答案）2023年高二暑假話題閱讀快樂練：醫(yī)療科技的發(fā)展

（共4題）

一、閱讀理解題（共4題）

Skin-to-skinEffortAimstoCutNewbornDeaths

AsocialmediacampaignhasbeenlaunchedinChinatocutdownthenumberofnewbornbabieswhodieinthefirst24hoursoflife.Thecampaign,calledFirstEmbrace(擁抱),promotesskin-to-skincontactbetweenmotherandbabyimmediatelyafterbirth,apracticeproventokeepthebabywarmandhelpittofightinfections.

Thereare16millionbabiesborninChinaeachyear,andapproximately150,000ofthemdiebeforetheyreachonemonthofage.ZhangShuyi,aresearcherattheCapitalInstituteofPediatricsinBeijing,saidtherewasstrongevidencefortheFirstEmbraceapproach.

"Whenbabiesarecold,theyaremorelikelytocatchinfectionsorhavedifficultybreathing,"shesaid."Itprovidesdirectprotectionagainstinfection,promotesbondingbetweentheparentandchildandsupportsbreast-feeding."Healthworkerswhoshiftedfromthenormalpracticeofseparationtoskin-to-skincontacthaveobservedthatbabiesaremorepink,calmandcomfortable.

TheWHOhasdevelopedtheFirstEmbraceapproachtohelpreducenewborndeathsacrosstheWesternPacificregion,includingChina.BemhardSchwartlander,theWHORepresentativeinChina,said,"Asmanyastwo-thirdsofnewborndeathscouldbepreventedusingsimple,low-costmethods,includingtheFirstEmbrace."

TheWHOwillbepostinginformationaboutthecampaign,andhostingonlinequestion-and-answersessionswithChineseandinternationalexperts.ThepubliccanparticipatebyfollowingtheWHOonWeiboandjoiningtheconversation.Schwartlandersaid,"Wearetargetingnewparents,pregnantwomenandcouplesthinkingabouthavingababy.Wealsoaimtoinvolvehealthprofessionalsintheimportanceofearlyessentialnewborncare."

Justlastmonth,anewresearchshowedthatchildandmotherhealthoutcomesinShanghaiareequaltothoseintheUSAandCanada.Hopefully,themessagesconveyedbythenewcampaigncouldhelptobridgethatgap.

(1)

A．ThecampaignhasnowbeenlaunchedviaWeibo.

B．Ofthatnumber,halfdieinthefirst24hoursoflife.

C．Skin-to-skincontactkeepsababywarmbytransferringheat.

D．Thoseparentswholosttheirnewbornbabiescangetsupportsontheplatform.

E．InotherpartsofChina,however,thestatisticsarelikethoseofpoorcountries.

F．Itindicatesthatrelatedmethodsforhealthcareandbirthqualityshouldbeimproved.

(2)

A．ThecampaignhasnowbeenlaunchedviaWeibo.

B．Ofthatnumber,halfdieinthefirst24hoursoflife.

C．Skin-to-skincontactkeepsababywarmbytransferringheat.

D．Thoseparentswholosttheirnewbornbabiescangetsupportsontheplatform.

E．InotherpartsofChina,however,thestatisticsarelikethoseofpoorcountries.

F．Itindicatesthatrelatedmethodsforhealthcareandbirthqualityshouldbeimproved.

(3)

A．ThecampaignhasnowbeenlaunchedviaWeibo.

B．Ofthatnumber,halfdieinthefirst24hoursoflife.

C．Skin-to-skincontactkeepsababywarmbytransferringheat.

D．Thoseparentswholosttheirnewbornbabiescangetsupportsontheplatform.

E．InotherpartsofChina,however,thestatisticsarelikethoseofpoorcountries.

F．Itindicatesthatrelatedmethodsforhealthcareandbirthqualityshouldbeimproved.

(4)

A．ThecampaignhasnowbeenlaunchedviaWeibo.

B．Ofthatnumber,halfdieinthefirst24hoursoflife.

C．Skin-to-skincontactkeepsababywarmbytransferringheat.

D．Thoseparentswholosttheirnewbornbabiescangetsupportsontheplatform.

E．InotherpartsofChina,however,thestatisticsarelikethoseofpoorcountries.

F．Itindicatesthatrelatedmethodsforhealthcareandbirthqualityshouldbeimproved.

TheAlphaGoprogram'svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically—cantheybehonestandfair

OneexampleofAIisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatriskWhataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoidadogWhatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritselfnottothepassengers

Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.

AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo'svictory,Microsoft's"chatbot"tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18—24.Taylorwassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandleconversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracistideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.

AlphaGo'svictoryandTaylor'sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.ItisonethingtouseAIwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.ItissomethingverydifferenttouseAIintherealworld.Theunpredictabilityoftherealworldmaybringatroublingsoftwareproblemtothesurface.

EricSchmidtisoneofthebossesofGoogle,whichownsAlphaGo.HethinksAIwillbepositiveforhumans.Hesayspeoplewillbethewinner,whatevertheoutcome.AdvancesinAIwillmakehumanbeingssmarter,moreableand"justbetterhumanbeings".

(1)WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexampleofAlphaGo'svictory

A．Computerswillsurpasshumanbeings.

B．Computershaveunmatchedpotential.

C．Computersareman'spotentialopponents.

D．Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.

(2)WhatissaidtobethebiggerchallengeintheAIage

A．Howtomakesuper-intelligentAImachinessharehumanfeelings.

B．Howtoensurethatsuper-intelligentAImachinesactethically.

C．HowtopreventAImachinesdoingharmtohumans.

D．Howtoavoidbeingover-dependentonAImachines.

(3)WhatdowelearnaboutMicrosoft's"chatbot"Taylor

A．Shecouldnotdistinguishgoodfrombad.

B．Shecouldturnherselfoffwhennecessary.

C．Shewasnotmadetohandlestrangesituations.

D．Shewasgoodatperformingroutinetasks.

(4)WhatdoesEricSchmidtthinkofartificialintelligence

A．Itwillbesuperiortohumanbeings.

B．Itwillkeepimprovingastimegoesby.

C．Itwillprovetobevaluabletohumanbeings.

D．Itwillbeheretostaywhatevertheoutcome.

YourNextNurseCouldBeaRobot

Dr.DeMomi,ofthePolitecnicodiMilano(Italy),ledaninternationalteamthattrainedarobottoimitatenaturalhumanactions..Overtimethisshouldleadtoimprovementsinsafetyduringsurgeriesbecauseunliketheirhumancounterpartsrobotsdonottireandcancompleteanendlessseriesofprecisemovements.Thegoalisnottoremovehumanskillsfromtheoperatingroom,buttocompletethemwitharobot'sparticularskillsandbenefits.

"Asaroboticist,Iamconvincedthatrobotic(co)workersandcollaboratorswilldefinitelychangetheworkmarket,buttheywon'tstealjobopportunities.."DeMomiexplains.

ToconducttheirexperimentDeMomi'steamphotographedahumanbeingconductingnumerousreachingmotions,inawaysimilartohandinginstrumentstoasurgeon.Thesecameracaptureswereinputintotheneuralnetworkoftheroboticarm,whichiscrucialtocontrollingmovements.Nextahumanoperatorguidedtheroboticarminimitatingthereachingmotionsthatthehumansubjecthadinitiallyperformed..

Nearly70percentofthetimetheactionsoftheroboticarmswere"biologicallyinspired",whichindicatedthattheirneuralnetworkshadeffectivelylearnedtoimitatehumanbehavior,theresearchersobserved.

Theseresultsarepromising,althoughfurtherresearchisnecessarytoconfirmorrefineDeMomi'sconclusions.Ifroboticarmscanindeedimitatehumanbehavior,itwouldbenecessarytobuildconditionsinwhichhumansandrobotscanoperateeffectivelyinhighstressenvironmentslikeoperatingrooms..DeMomi'sworkispartofthegrowingfieldofhealthcarerobotics,whichhaspotentialtochangethewaywereceivehealthcaresoonerratherthanlater.

(1)

A．Thisfuturemaynotbeasfarawayaswethink

B．Robotscan'tsuccessfullyimitatedoctor'smotionsintheoperatingroom

C．Althoughtherewasnotaperfectoverlapbetweentheroboticandhumanactions,theywerebroadlysimilar

D．Thenursingassistantforyournexttriptothehospitalwillstillbearobotinsteadofhumanbeings

E．Theywilljustallowustodecreaseworkloadandachievebetterperformancesinseveraltasks

F．Hisworkindicatesthathumansandrobotscaneffectivelycooperateduringhigh-taskeventssuchassurgeries

(2)

A．Thisfuturemaynotbeasfarawayaswethink

B．Robotscan'tsuccessfullyimitatedoctor'smotionsintheoperatingroom

C．Althoughtherewasnotaperfectoverlapbetweentheroboticandhumanactions,theywerebroadlysimilar

D．Thenursingassistantforyournexttriptothehospitalwillstillbearobotinsteadofhumanbeings

E．Theywilljustallowustodecreaseworkloadandachievebetterperformancesinseveraltasks

F．Hisworkindicatesthathumansandrobotscaneffectivelycooperateduringhigh-taskeventssuchassurgeries

(3)

A．Thisfuturemaynotbeasfarawayaswethink

B．Robotscan'tsuccessfullyimitatedoctor'smotionsintheoperatingroom

C．Althoughtherewasnotaperfectoverlapbetweentheroboticandhumanactions,theywerebroadlysimilar

D．Thenursingassistantforyournexttriptothehospitalwillstillbearobotinsteadofhumanbeings

E．Theywilljustallowustodecreaseworkloadandachievebetterperformancesinseveraltasks

F．Hisworkindicatesthathumansandrobotscaneffectivelycooperateduringhigh-taskeventssuchassurgeries

(4)

A．Thisfuturemaynotbeasfarawayaswethink

B．Robotscan'tsuccessfullyimitatedoctor'smotionsintheoperatingroom

C．Althoughtherewasnotaperfectoverlapbetweentheroboticandhumanactions,theywerebroadlysimilar

D．Thenursingassistantforyournexttriptothehospitalwillstillbearobotinsteadofhumanbeings

E．Theywilljustallowustodecreaseworkloadandachievebetterperformancesinseveraltasks

F．Hisworkindicatesthathumansandrobotscaneffectivelycooperateduringhigh-taskeventssuchassurgeries

ScientistsstudyingsharkDNA(achemicalthatcarriesinformationabouthowalivingthinggrowsanddevelops)havefoundthatthesevigorouscreaturescouldholdthekeytocuringcancerinhumans.

AlllivingthingsstoretheirDNAinacentralnucleus(細(xì)胞核)insidethecellsoftheirbodies.ThiscompletesetofDNAiscalledagenome(基因組).Everycellinthebodyhasacopyofthisgenome.AteamofscientistsattheSaveOurSeasFoundationSharkResearchCenteratNovaSoutheasternUniversityinFloridastudiedagreatwhiteshark'sgenomeandfoundthatithadevolvedtolivealonglife,healitswoundsquickly,andthatitrarelyseemstosufferfromcancer.

Cancerisabroadtermforacollectionofdiseasescausedbyoddlybehavingcellsgrowingoutofcontrol.Ashumansgetolder,theircellscan'tmendDNAaswellastheyusedto,andmistakesaremadeduringtherepairs.Thesemistakesaddupandcanleadtocancerandotherage-relateddiseases.Ashark'sgenome,however,appearstocontainvariations(permanentalterationsingenes)thatrepairdamagedDNA,whichhelpspreventcancer.Thesharkisalsoabletorecoverfrominjuriesveryquickly.

Scientistswanttotestthesegenestoseeiftheywillworkinotherlivingthings.Theywillremovegenesfromashark'sDNAandplacethemintotheDNAofmice.Themicewillthenbeexposedtocarcinogens—substancesthatcancausecancerinlivingtissue—andobservedtomeasuretheeffectsofsharkDNA.Ifitworks,thisDNAcouldalsobeplacedintohumanDNA.MichaelStanhope,co-authorofthestudy,emphasizesthatitwilltakeyearstoturnthesegenesintoacancercureforhumans.EvenSo,hesays,"Ihopethatpeoplerecognisetheremarkablebiologicaladaptationsoftheseanimals."

(1)Whatcanwelearnaboutagreatwhiteshark

A．AsetofDNAinitcanpreventcancer.

B．ItsDNAcanrepairthewoundsquickly.

C．Itscentralnucleusrarelysuffersfromcancer.

D．Ithasasetofgenesassociatedwithlongevity.

(2)Itisrareforsharkstosufferfromcancerbecause_____.

A．Sharkshaveevolvedtoberesistanttocancer

B．Allthecellsinsharksarewellundercontrolallthetime

C．Sharks'genomeshavetheabilitytomendthedamagedDNA

D．Thevariationsinsharks'genomeskeepgrowingastheygetolder

(3)Whatcanwe