2022-2023學(xué)年四川省成都市高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（原卷版+解析版有聽力音頻）

第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年四川省成都市高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（原卷版+解析版，有聽力音頻）樹德中學(xué)高2022級高一下期期末測試英語試題

考試時間：120分鐘滿分：150分

第一部分聽力測試(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatarethespeakersprobablydoing

A.Parkingthecar.B.Movingsomefurniture.C.WatchingTVonthesofa.

2.Wherearethespeakers

A.Atarestaurant.B.Atatheater.C.Atastore.

3.Howmuchdoesthetelevisionsetcosttoday

A.$100.B.$150.C.$200.

4.Whyaretheman’seyesred

A.Heissick.B.Hedidn’tgetmuchsleep.C.Hehasterribleeyeproblems.

5.Whendidthewomanexpectthepackagetoarrive

A.Yesterday.B.Today.C.Tomorrow.

第二節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whyisn’tthegirlallowedtogoout

A.Shedidn’tdoherschoolwork.

B.Shedidn’tdoherhousework.

C.Shearguedwithherparents.

7.Howdidthegirlfeelaboutherpunishment

A.Shethoughtitwasfair.

B.Shewassurprisedbyit.

C.Shefeltangryaboutit.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.HowdothespeakersknowGregParsons

A.Heusedtobetheirteacher.

B.Heusedtobeafamousathlete.

C.Heusedtoownabusinessintown.

9.WhatwasthewomandoingwhenshesawBrianSheldontheotherday

A.Waitinginline.B.Drinkingcoffee.C.WatchingTV.

10.Wherewillthespeakersgonext

A.Agrocerystore.B.Arestaurant.C.Astadium.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers

A.Colleagues.B.Friends.C.Auntandnephew.

12.Whydidthewomanvisittheman’shouse

ATohaveaglassofwine.

B.Topickhimupbeforedinner.

C.Tocongratulatehimonhisnewhome.

13.Whycan’tMarciashowuptonight

A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell.

B.Sheneedstofinishareport.

C.Shehasameetingwithherboss.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。

14.Whendidthemangetthetickets

A.OnMonday.B.OnFriday.C.OnSunday.

15.Howdoesthewomanfeelwhenthegamesareclose

A.Excited.B.Sad.C.Pressured.

16.Whichteamarethespeakerscheeringfor

A.Spain.B.Russia.C.Switzerland.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.WhatTVchannelisJimmyKimmelLiveon

A.NBC.B.TBS.C.ABC.

18.WhendidJimmyKimmelbecomeespeciallyfamous

A.AfterhehostedtheOscars.

B.AfterDonaldTrumpbecamepresident.

C.Whenhecriedathisshowforthefirsttime.

19.Ontalkshows,whatusuallycomesrightaftertheopeningspeech

A.Aninterview.B.Amusicalperformance.C.Acomedyperformance.

20.WhatdidJimmyKimmeldobeforehostingJimmyKimmelLive

A.Hetaughtinadramaschool.B.Heworkedataradiostation.

C.HewenttoschoolinLosAngeles.

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)(共20小題;每小題2分，滿分40分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Asachild,Iwasproudofmysouthernorigin.Myownvoicereflectedmyfamily’spastandpresent-partnorthernMississippi,partTennessee,allsouthern.TherewasnosoundIlovedmorethanmygrandmother’saccent:thick,sweet,warm.

Whilegrowingup,Ibegantorealizeoutsideofourregion,southernerswereoftendismissedasunculturedandignorant.IwasreadytoleavebehindmytinytowninWestTennessee,startinganewlifeandjumpingatbigchancesinsomefar-offcities.Inthatembarrassingspacebetween“teen”and“adult”,myaccentwasasymbolofeverythingIthoughtIhatedaboutmylifeintheruralSouth.Ifeareditwoulddisqualifymefrombeinganotedmagazinewriter.Iwouldhavetotalkless“country”.SoIkilledapieceofmyself.I’mashamedofit,butI’mmoreashamedthatItriedtokillthatpartofsomeoneelse-changeEmily’saccent.

ImetEmilyincollege.Shewasdeterminedtoworkforthestudentnewspaper,whichwaswhereIspentmostofmywakinghours,andwebecamefriends.She,unlikeme,acceptedherroots.Earlyinourfriendship,hermotheraskedwhereIwasfrom,assumingitwassomewhereupnorth.ThenIfeltmyeffortspaidoffandevenwantedtoignorethemistake.

Emilyistwoyearsyoungerandshecaredaboutmyopinion.IadvisedhertobemorelikemeandhidehersignatureManchesteraccent.Istressedthatthroughoutourcollegeyears,oftenbymakingfunofhervowel(元音)sounds.ItoldmyselfIwashelpingherachieveherdreamofworkingasareporter.Now,Iseethatitwasactuallyaboutjustifyingmyhidingpartofmyself.

GrandmaCarolynusedtotellme,“Girl,don’tforgetwhereyoucomefrom.”NowItrulyunderstandthat.Manythingshavefadedfrommemory,butthissticksinmymindwithuncomfortableclarity.NowthatIamgrownandhavelefttheSouth,it’simportanttome.

1.Whatmadetheauthorwanttoleaveherhometown

A.Appealofconvenienceincities.

B.Herdreamofbecomingawriter.

C.Outsideprejudiceagainstsoutherners.

D.Herdesireforthenorthernaccent.

2.HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutthemistakeofEmily’smother

A.Upset.B.Pleased.C.Ashamed.D.Surprised.

3.WhyonearthdidtheauthortrytochangeEmily’saccent

A.Toproveherselfright.B.TohelpEmilybeareporter.

C.Tomakeherselfinfluential.D.ToprotectEmily’sself-dignity.

4.Whatmessagedoesthetextwanttoconvey

A.Staytruetoyourroots.B.Neverdothingsbyhalves.

C.Holdontoyourdreams.D.Neverjudgeapersonbyhisaccent.

【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述因為別人的偏見以及追求更好的生活改變自己的口音，但后來才意識到這樣做抹殺了自己身份的一部分，也明白了要堅守本根。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Whilegrowingup,Ibegantorealizeoutsideofourregion,southernerswereoftendismissedasunculturedandignorant.IwasreadytoleavebehindmytinytowninWestTennessee,startinganewlifeandjumpingatbigchancesinsomefar-offcities.(在成長過程中，我開始意識到，在我們的地區(qū)之外，南方人經(jīng)常被認為是沒有文化和無知的。我準(zhǔn)備離開我在西田納西州的小鎮(zhèn)，開始新的生活，并在一些遙遠的城市抓住大好機會)”可知，決定離開南部的家鄉(xiāng)是因為其他人認為南方人沒文化、無知，即外部對南方人的偏見。故選C。

【2題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Earlyinourfriendship,hermotheraskedwhereIwasfrom,assumingitwassomewhereupnorth.ThenIfeltmyeffortspaidoffandevenwantedtoignorethemistake.(在我們的友誼之初，她媽媽問我來自哪里，以為是北方的某個地方。然后我覺得我的努力得到了回報，甚至想忽略這個錯誤)”推知，當(dāng)被Emily的媽媽誤會來自北方時，是非常開心的。故選B。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Ifeareditwoulddisqualifymefrombeinganotedmagazinewriter.Iwouldhavetotalkless“country”.SoIkilledapieceofmyself.(我擔(dān)心這會使我失去成為著名雜志作家的資格。我就得少說些“鄉(xiāng)村”了。所以我抹殺了自己身份的一部分)”，第三段的“Shewasdeterminedtoworkforthestudentnewspaper,whichwaswhereIspentmostofmywakinghours(她決心為校報工作，而我醒著的大部分時間都在那里度過的)”以及倒數(shù)第二段的“IadvisedhertobemorelikemeandhidehersignatureManchesteraccent.Istressedthatthroughoutourcollegeyears,oftenbymakingfunofhervowel(元音)sounds.ItoldmyselfIwashelpingherachieveherdreamofworkingasareporter.(我建議她更像我，隱藏她標(biāo)志性的曼徹斯特口音。在我們的大學(xué)生活中，我經(jīng)常通過取笑她的元音來強調(diào)這一點。我告訴自己，我是在幫她實現(xiàn)當(dāng)記者的夢想)”可知，通過改變自己的口音獲得了在校報工作的機會。由此推知，努力改變Emily的口音是為了證明自己是對的，即改變南方口音就有可能獲得好工作。故選A。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第二段的“I’mashamedofit,butI’mmoreashamedthatItriedtokillthatpartofsomeoneelse-changeEmily’saccent.(我很慚愧，但我更慚愧的是我試圖抹殺別人的那部分——改變艾米麗的口音)”和最后一段“GrandmaCarolynusedtotellme,“Girl,don’tforgetwhereyoucomefrom.”NowItrulyunderstandthat.Manythingshavefadedfrommemory,butthissticksinmymindwithuncomfortableclarity.(卡羅琳奶奶過去常對我說：“女孩，別忘了你來自哪里?！爆F(xiàn)在我真的明白了。許多事情已經(jīng)從記憶中消失了，但這件事卻以令人不安的清晰印象留在了我的腦海中)”可知，文章想要傳達的信息是：堅守本根。故選A。

B

WhenIwinatmyfavouritegames,myopponentstendtosay:‘OH,you’resocompetitive!’ButwhenIlose,theysmilegood-naturedlyandsay:‘Badluck!Goodgame!’

Thissuggeststhataccuratesportingexpressionsshouldgosomethinglikethis:

Iamsporty.

Youarecompetitive.

Theycan’tbeartolose.

Or:

Igaveitago.

Youdidyourbest.

Hetrieddesperatelyhard.

I’mnotsayingIdon’thaveacompetitivepersonality.Wealldo.Onwalks,Iliketobeoutinfront.Intrafficjams,Ifindmyselffocusingoncarsinotherlanes,andfretiftheyedgeaheadofme.Itenseupwhilewaitingfortrains,determinedtobefirstaboard.Theotherday,Iwasoneofthefirsttoboardatrain,grabbingaperfectspotinfirstclass.Yes,Ihadwon!Justhalfway,Iwenttogetafreedrinkforafirst-classseatfromthebuffet.ButIhadleftmyticketonmytable.Iworkedoutthat,ifImovedveryswiftly,Icouldnip(快走)throughtwocarriages,andnipbackwithoutanyonetakingmyplaceatthefrontofthequeue.

SoIrushedback,pickingupmyticket,andturnedback.Iwasatthebeginningofthesecondcarriage,when,tomyhorror,Inoticed,anotherfigure,roughlymysize,shootingtowardsthebuffetfromtheotherdirection.

Desperatetoarrivebeforehedid,Istartedwalkingfaster.Butatexactlythesamemoment,hestartedwalkingfaster,too.Tryingtoretainmydignity,Ibrokeintoarunning.Whateverhappened,Iwasdeterminedtowin!But,annoyingly,atthesametimeasIspedup,sodidhe.Theracewason.

Finally,inmyrush,Iknockedintoasuitcaseandstumbledslightly.Stillwithmyeyesonmychallenger,Inoticedthat-strangebuttrue-exactlythesamethinghadhappenedtohim.

ItwasonlyaswebothliftedourselvesupinexactlythesamewaythatIrealisedthat,throughouttherace,Ihadbeenlookingatareflectionofmyselfintheslidingdoor!

Mycompetitorforfirstplaceinthebuffetqueuewas...me.

5.Whichsportingexpressioncanreplace“Badluck!Goodgame!”inparagraph1

A.Igaveitago.B.Youdidyourbest.

C.Youarecompetitive.D.Hetrieddesperatelyhard.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fret”inparagraph3probablymean

A.Getanxious.B.Becomerelaxed.C.Feeldisappointed.D.Remainexcited.

7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor

A.Heneverfailstobeatanyoneinhislife.

B.Hehasagiftforgamesandcompetitions.

C.Heissportybutoftenaggressivetoothers.

D.Heishighlycompetitiveanddesperatetowin.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext

A.SadcompetitorIcansurelybeatmyself

B.BadloserNo,butIcanbeafirst-classfool

C.CompetitivenessworksNotinmycase

D.MorehasteItwillonlyresultinlessspeed

【答案】5.B6.A7.D8.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。介紹了自己因過于在乎競爭，時刻想要超越別人而在一次火車途中，為了獲得免費飲料而誤以為車廂反射的自己的影子是競爭對手的一次荒誕的經(jīng)歷。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenIwinatmyfavouritegames,myopponentstendtosay:‘OH,you’resocompetitive!’ButwhenIlose,theysmilegood-naturedlyandsay:‘Badluck!Goodgame!’(當(dāng)我在最喜歡的比賽中獲勝時，我的對手往往會說：‘哦，你太好勝了！’但當(dāng)我輸了的時候，他們和藹地微笑著說：‘運氣不好！玩得好！”)”可知，對手的意思是“你玩的不錯，但是運氣較差，所以輸了”?！癎oodgame!”可以被“Youdidyourbest.(你盡力了)”替換。故選B。

【6題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Onwalks,Iliketobeoutinfront.(散步時，我喜歡走在前面)”以及“Itenseupwhilewaitingfortrains,determinedtobefirstaboard.(等火車時我緊張起來，決心第一個上車)”可推知，一直很好勝，在看到其他車往前走時，自己會比較著急。由此推知，劃線詞fret和A選項Getanxious(變得焦慮)意思相近。故選A項。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“I’mnotsayingIdon’thaveacompetitivepersonality.Wealldo.Onwalks,Iliketobeoutinfront.Intrafficjams,Ifindmyselffocusingoncarsinotherlanes,andfretiftheyedgeaheadofme.Itenseupwhilewaitingfortrains,determinedtobefirstaboard.(我不是說我沒有好勝的性格。我們都有。散步時，我喜歡走在前面。在交通堵塞的時候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己會把注意力集中在其他車道的汽車上，如果它們擠到我前面，我就會煩惱。等火車時我緊張起來，決心第一個上車)”以及第五段“Whateverhappened,Iwasdeterminedtowin!But,annoyingly,atthesametimeasIspedup,sodidhe.Theracewason.(無論發(fā)生什么，我都決心要贏！但是，煩人的是，在我加快速度的同時，他也加快了速度。比賽開始了)”可推知，好勝心很強，急于求勝。故選D項。

【8題詳解】

主旨大意題。從全文概括以及最后一段“Mycompetitorforfirstplaceinthebuffetqueuewas…me.(我在自助餐隊伍中爭奪第一名的對手是……我)”可知，本文是講述一次自己為了獲得免費飲料而誤以為車廂反射的自己的影子是競爭對手的一次荒誕的經(jīng)歷。由此可知，B項“BadloserNo,butIcanbeafirst-classfool(輸不起的人嗎？不，但我可以做一個一流的傻瓜)”是本文最好的標(biāo)題。故選B。

C

Stereotypes(刻板印象)arewidelyheldbutverygeneral,simplifiedopinionsaboutotherpeople.Manyofusstarttousestereotypesatschool—thecoolkidsorthehotkids—weknowallthedifferentonesbyheart.

Looks,clothes,personaltraits(特征)andinterestsareallaspectswhich,onthesurfaceofit,makeusdifferentfromourcontemporaries.Studentspounceontheseinordertocategoriseothers.“Whenyou’reasocialanimal,youneedtounderstandwhoisamemberofyourpack,andwhoisamemberofadifferentpack,”sayspsychologyprofessor,JohnDovidio.

Agirldressedallinblackmayseemabitdepressed.Butperhaps,deepdowninside,shejustlikesblackandisactuallycheerful.Shehasthesameinterestsasyou—(the“coolkid”)—butshejustdressesdifferently.Theproblemoftypecastingisthatitinvolvesusinglabelswhicharemerelyshells(外表)containingassumptions.Itmakesonewonderwhypeopleseeonlyanarrowviewofacomplicatedhumanbeing.

AccordingtoDovidio,evenifwethinkwedon’tstereotypeothers,wedo.“Wecategoriseimmediatelyandwithoutthinking,”saysDovidio.“Andwestereotypeothersnotjustontheirappearance,howtheydressoract,but—wrongly—ontheirraceandsextoo.”

Studentstereotypesmayhavespecialmeanings,asteensareintheprocessofformingtheirownidentityandfiguringoutwhotheyfeelmostcomfortablewith.Tosomeextent,stereotypingoffersasenseoforder,directionandconnectiontotheclosefriendstheymakeovertime.Butit’stoosimpletomakeassumptionsthat“they”—teenagersinothergroups—arealikeordifferentfrom“us”.It’seasytothrowagroupofpeopleintoabucket(水桶)andjudgethemasawhole;it’smuchmoredifficulttolookateachpersonasanindividual.Ontheotherhand,Jim,anotherhighschoolstudent,says“bylabellingpeoplewe’reactuallyhighlightingsimilaritiesnotdifferences.Ifwedidn’tstereotype,itwouldmakemanythingstodayimpossible.Thinkofmarketingstudiesfocusedonspecificaudiences,orclubsforpeoplewithsimilarinterestsorhobbies.”

9.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“pounceon”inparagraphtwo

A.Putupwith.B.Makefunof.

C.Takepridein.D.Catchholdof.

10.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosuggestbymentioningthegirlinblack

A.Don’tdistinguishyourselffromothers.

B.Don’tmakesimplethingscomplicated.

C.Don’tidentifyothersbytheirappearance.

D.Don’tlabelothersaccordingtotheirpersonaltraits.

11.WhatdoDovidio’swordsinparagraphfourtellus

A.Wecannotavoidbeingstereotyped.

B.Wemaycorrectlyrecogniseothers’sex.

C.Wecannothelpthewaywereacttoothers.

D.Wemaymakewrongjudgementsaboutourselves.

12.WhichwordbestdescribesJim’sattitudetostereotypes

A.Positive.B.Uninterested.C.Uncertain.D.Critical.

【答案】9.D10.C11.C12.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章闡述了刻板印象以及針對刻板印象的不同觀點。

【9題詳解】

短語猜測題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句“Looks,clothes,personaltraits(特征)andinterestsareallaspectswhich,onthesurfaceofit,makeusdifferentfromourcontemporaries.Studentspounceontheseinordertocategoriseothers.(外表、衣服、個人特征和興趣都是表面上使我們與同時代人不同的方面。學(xué)生們pounceon這些來對其他人進行分類。)”可知劃線詞pounceon后的these指代上文使我們與同時代人在表面上不同的特征“Looks,clothes,personaltraits(特征)andinterests”，學(xué)生們抓住這些表面上的特征對其他人進行分類，由此可知，句中“pounceon”意思為“抓住”，可以替換為catchholdof。故選D。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Agirldressedallinblackmayseemabitdepressed.Butperhaps,deepdowninside,shejustlikesblackandisactuallycheerful.Shehasthesameinterestsasyou—(the‘coolkid’)—butshejustdressesdifferently.(一個穿一身黑的女孩可能看起來有點沮喪。但也許，在內(nèi)心深處，她只是喜歡黑色，實際上是開朗的。她和你——（那個‘酷孩子’）——有相同的興趣愛好，只是穿著不同而已。)”可知，在文中提到穿一身黑的女孩，想要傳達的含義是不能光憑外表來確定一個人的特征個性。故選C。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“‘Wecategoriseimmediatelyandwithoutthinking,’saysDovidio.‘Andwestereotypeothersnotjustontheirappearance,howtheydressoract,but—wrongly—ontheirraceandsextoo.’(‘我們會不假思索地立即進行分類?！疍ovidio說：‘我們不僅在外表、穿著和行為上對他人抱有刻板印象，而且——錯誤地——在種族和性別上也抱有刻板印象?！?”可知人們會不假思索地立即對他人按照刻板印象進行分類，由此可知，人們對他人進行刻板印象歸類是一種下意識的舉動，人們無法控制自己對他人的反應(yīng)。故選C。

【12題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ontheotherhand,Jim,anotherhighschoolstudent,says‘bylabellingpeoplewe’reactuallyhighlightingsimilaritiesnotdifferences.Ifwedidn’tstereotype,itwouldmakemanythingstodayimpossible.Thinkofmarketingstudiesfocusedonspecificaudiences,orclubsforpeoplewithsimilarinterestsorhobbies.’(另一方面，另一名高中生Jim說：‘通過給人貼標(biāo)簽，我們實際上是在強調(diào)相似之處，而不是不同之處。如果我們沒有刻板印象，這將使今天的許多事情變得不可能。想想針對特定受眾的營銷研究，或者針對具有相似興趣或愛好的人的俱樂部。’)”可知，Jim認為通過給人群貼標(biāo)簽可以找到群體的相似性，如果沒有刻板印象的話，針對特定受眾的市場調(diào)查、俱樂部等就無法實現(xiàn)。由此可知，Jim對刻板印象的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A。

D

ItwasamethodfavouredbytheinventorThomasEdisonandtheartistSalvadorDali.Wakingfromanapexactlyatthepointbeforedeepsleepinanefforttoinspirecreativity.

Edisonheldametalballinhishandsothatifhenoddedoffhewoulddropitandthesoundwouldwakehim.ForDali,itwasakeylandingonaplate.Nowscientistshavefoundthattheymighthavebeenontosomething.

ResearchersattheParisBrainInstitutestudiedpeople’sabilitytofindahiddenruleinamathspuzzle.Identifyingthetrickwouldmakesolvingtheproblemfarsimplerbuttodosorequiredthinkingcreatively.Thescientistsfoundthatparticipantswhohadbeenwokenjustbeforefallingintoadeepsleep,usingatechniquelikethatusedbyEdisonandDali,weremorelikelytofindtheshortcut.

This“twilightzone”isknownasnon-rapideyemovementsleepstage1,orN1.Scientistsdescribeditlikeanexaggeratedformofmind-wandering,wheredream-likethoughtsfillthemind.Itisthoughtthataspeoplestarttodisengage(脫離)fromtheirenvironmenttheycan“freelywatchtheirmindswander,whilemaintainingtheirabilitytoidentifycreativesparks(火花)”.

Forthestudy103peopleweregivenamathsproblemtosolve.Toreachthefinalanswertheyhadtoapplytherulesstepbystepbut,unknowntothem,a“hiddenrule”wouldallowthemtobypassmostofthestepsandgettothesolutionmuchmorequickly.Theresultsshowedthat83percentofthoseintheN1grouphadfoundtheshortcut,comparedwith31percentinthegroupwhowereawakeand14percentofthoseinadeepsleep.

Researchersconcludethatthebrainactivitycommontothetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulnesssetoffcreativesparks.“Althoughtheneuralmechanisms(神經(jīng)機制)involvedarenotyetknown,ourfindingssuggestthatthereisacreativesweetspotwithinthetwilightzone,”saidDrThomasAndrillon,co-authorofthestudy.

13.Whydidtheauthormention“ametalball”and“akey”inParagraph2

A.Toclarifyamethod.B.Toexplainatheory.

C.Topresentaconcept.D.Tomakeacomparison.

14.Whatcanwelearnabout“thetwilightzone”fromthetext

A.Itpreventsyourmindfromwandering.

B.Itdetermineswhatyourdreamswillbelike.

C.Itisknownasrapideyemovementsleepstage.

D.Itisastateofbeinghalfasleepandhalfawake.

15.Whatdoes“theshortcut”inParagraph5referto

A.Themathsproblem.B.Thefinalanswer.

C.Thehiddenrule.D.Theaddedstep.

16.WhatattitudemayDrThomasAndrillonholdtothetechniqueusedbyEdisonandDali

A.Doubtful.B.Critical.

C.Indifferent.D.Favorable.

【答案】13.A14.D15.C16.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹來自愛迪生和達利的啟示：臨睡狀態(tài)可激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力。

【13題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段提到了愛迪生和達利偏愛的一個激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力的方法“Wakingfromanapexactlyatthepointbeforedeepsleepinanefforttoinspirecreativity.(在深度睡眠前從午睡中醒來，以激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力)”和第二段“Edisonheldametalballinhishandsothatifhenoddedoffhewoulddropitandthesoundwouldwakehim.ForDali,itwasakeylandingonaplate.(愛迪生手里拿著金屬球為了當(dāng)他低頭時，金屬球掉在地上的聲音喚醒他。對于達利來說，他拿的是掉在盤子的鑰匙)”可知，通過“金屬球”和“鑰匙”更直觀地介紹了這種方法的操作方式，故選A。

【14題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段第一句話“…thetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulness…”可知“thetwilightzone”為半睡半醒狀態(tài)。故選D。

【15題詳解】

詞義猜測題。由上文“a“hiddenrule”wouldallowthemtobypassmostofthestepsandgettothesolutionmuchmorequickly.”可知，“隱藏規(guī)則”可使他們繞過大多數(shù)步驟，更快地找到答案。再結(jié)合劃線單詞所在句“Theresultsshowedthat83percentofthoseintheN1grouphadfoundtheshortcut(結(jié)果顯示，在N1組中，83%的人找到了theshortcut)”可知，此處劃線單詞theshortcut指代前文的thehiddenrule“隱藏規(guī)則”。故選C。

【16題詳解】

推理判斷題。最后一段“Researchersconcludethatthebrainactivitycommontothetwilightzonebetweensleepandwakefulnesssetoffcreativesparks.（研究人員得出結(jié)論，睡眠和清醒之間的模糊地帶的大腦活動會激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力的火花）”可知，研究結(jié)果證實臨睡狀態(tài)可激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力火花，同時博士的話“ourfindingssuggestthatthereisacreativesweetspotwithinthetwilightzone（我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明臨睡狀態(tài)確實存在創(chuàng)造力的最有效點）”推知，博士對愛迪生和達利使用的技術(shù)的態(tài)度是肯定的。故選D。

E

AcrossIndia,summerscanbeextreme.Temperaturesoutdoorscansoarto124°F(51℃),highenoughtomeltthesurfaceofthestreets.

Millionsofurbanlower-incomefamiliesliveintiny,one-roomhousescrammedtogether.Suchshackshavetinandasbestos(石棉的)roofs.Thesematerialsabsorbthesun’sheat,ratherthanreflectitbackintotheatmosphere.Additionally,onlyafewtreesgrowbetweenthejam-packedhouses.Makingmattersworseistheresidents’poverty.Mosthouseholdscannotaffordtorunairconditionersandcoolers.Allthesefactorsmaketheinsideofthesetinyhousesextremelyhot.Undersuchconditions,residentsfinditdifficulttolive,letalonework.Productivitydeclines.

Socialworkersandscientistshaverealizedthatthequickestwaytocoolsuchhousesistochangetheirroofs.That’sbecausetheroofreceivesthemostdirectsunlight.Climateresearcherscameupwithmanystrategiestoproducecoolroofs.Oneeasywaywaswithpaint.Light-coloredsurfacesreflectmoreheatthandarkerones,soroofspaintedwhitewouldbecoolerthanthosepaintedinanyothercolor.Thiswasn’tanewidea.Infact,Indianshavetraditionallywhitewashedhomeswithchuna.TheannualMonsoonrains,though,washthechunaaway.Climateexpertshopedthatthewhitepaintswouldlastlonger.Researchfindingsrevealedthatpaintingalonecouldbringdowntheheatbyupto9℉(5℃).

Problemspersist,though.Whilethepaintisfairlycheap,poorpeoplecannotafforditwithoutfinancialhelp.Inaddition,thesunlightbouncingoffwhite-toppedroofsmakesthemtoobrighttolookat.Residentsusuallyusetheroofsfordryingwetclothesandvegetables,likechilies.Buttheglarefromthewhitenedsurfacesmakesittoughforthemtodothesetasks.Athirdproblemisthatwhite-roofedbuildingsreflectthesun’sraysthroughouttheyear.Ironically,thismakesroofstoocoolinregionswherewintersgetextremelycold.Andkeepingwarmiscostly,too.

Despitethesedrawbacks,manyhouseholdsaresupportersofcoolroofinitiatives.Formost,thebenefitsoftheroofsoutweightheirflaws.Indeed,thewhitepainthasgiventheirlivesanewlight.

17.WhatisafactorcontributingtoIndianhouses’extremeheat

A.Thebuildingmaterialsoftheroofs.B.Residents’lackofgreenawareness.

C.Theinfluenceoftheglobaleconomy.D.Therebeingnotreesinthecommunity.

18.Whyiswhitepaintagoodchoiceaccordingtoparagraph3

A.Itiseffective.B.Itisinnovative.C.Itisreplaceable.D.Itislong-lasting.

19.Whatproblemcomeswithwhitepaintroofs

A.Theirbrightnesswillleadtocolorblindness.

B.Thepaintwillbecometooexpensivetoafford.

C.Itwillbeinconvenienttodrystuffontheroofs.

D.Residents’livingcostwillbehigherinsummer.

20.Whatisthetextmainlyabout

A.Light-coloredpaints.B.Ahouse-coolingstrategy.

C.White-roofedbuildings.D.Anenergy-savinginitiative.

【答案】17.A18.A19.C20.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文為說明文。文章主要介紹了用白油漆涂屋頂來降溫的方法。

【17題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Suchshackshavetinandasbestos(石棉的)roofs.Thesematerialsabsorbthesun’sheat,ratherthanreflectitbackintotheatmosphere.Additionally,onlyafewtreesgrowbetweenthejam-packedhouses.Makingmattersworseistheresidents’poverty.Mosthouseholdscannotaffordtorunairconditionersandcoolers.Allthesefactorsmaketheinsideofthesetinyhousesextremelyhot.(這樣的棚屋有錫和石棉屋頂。這些材料吸收太陽的熱量，而不是將其反射回大氣層。此外，只有幾棵樹生長在擁擠的房屋之間。更糟糕的是當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦呢毨?。大多?shù)家庭買不起空調(diào)和冷卻器。所有這些因素使這些小房子的內(nèi)部非常熱)”并結(jié)合選項可知，屋頂?shù)慕ㄖ牧鲜菍?dǎo)致印度房屋過熱的因素之一。故選A。

【18題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Oneeasywaywaswithpaint.Light-coloredsurfacesreflectmoreheatthandarkerones,soroofspaintedwhitewouldbecoolerthanthosepaintedinanyothercolor．(最簡單最快速的一個降溫方法是給屋頂涂白油漆。淺色表面比深色表面反射更多的熱量，所以涂成白色的屋頂會比其他顏色的屋頂更涼爽)”可知，白油漆是一個好的選擇是因為能反射更多的熱量，更有效。故選A。

【19題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Problemspersist,though.Whilethepaintisfairlycheap,poorpeoplecannotafforditwithoutfinancialhelp.Inaddition,thesunlightbouncingoffwhite-toppedroofsmakesthemtoobrighttolookat.Residentsusuallyusetheroofsfordryingwetclothesandvegetables,likechilies.Buttheglarefromthewhitenedsurfacesmakesittoughforthemtodothesetasks.(不過，問題依然存在。雖然油漆相當(dāng)便宜，但如果沒有經(jīng)濟援助，窮人買不起。此外，陽光從白色屋頂上反射回來，使它們太亮了，讓人看不見。居民們通常用屋頂來晾曬濕衣服和蔬菜，比如辣椒。但白化表面的強光讓它們很難完成這些任務(wù))”可知，從白色屋頂上反射的光太亮，使人睜不開眼，這使得在屋頂上晾干東西很不方便。故選C。

【20題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第三段的“Climateresearcherscameupwithmanystrategiestoproducecoolroofs.Oneeasywaywaswithpaint.Light-coloredsurfacesreflectmoreheatthandarkerones,soroofspaintedwhitewouldbecoolerthanthosepaintedinanyothercolor.(氣候研究人員想出了許多制造涼爽屋頂?shù)牟呗浴Ｒ粋€簡單的方法是用顏料。淺色的表面比深色的表面反射更多的熱量，所以刷成白色的屋頂比刷成其他顏色的屋頂更涼爽)”和最后一段“Despitethesedrawbacks,manyhouseholdsaresupportersofcoolroofinitiatives.Formost,thebenefitsoftheroofsoutweightheirflaws.Indeed,thewhitepainthasgiventheirlivesanewlight.(盡管有這些缺點，許多家庭都是冷屋頂倡議的支持者。對大多數(shù)人來說，屋頂?shù)暮锰幋笥谌秉c。事實上，白色的油漆給他們的生活帶來了新的曙光)”可知，本文主要介紹了用白油漆涂屋頂來降溫的策略。故選B。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Youmayhaveseenthemstandingaloneinafarmer’sfield.Withthinarmsandastrangesmile,theystandguardoverthecropsdayandnight.____21____

ScarecrowshavebeenaroundsinceatleastthetimeoftheancientEgyptians.Backthen,farmerscoveredwoodenframeswithnetstoprotectwheatfields.____22____Around2500BCE,theGreeksmadethefirsthuman-likescarecrows.TheyaddedafacewhichwassimilartothatoftheGreekgodPriapus.____23____TheRomanslatercopiedthisdesignandbroughtittoEurope.

CenturiesaftertheRomansmarchedthroughEurope,peoplearoundtheworldwerecreatingtheirownscarecrows.InJapan,scarecrowswereshapedlikepeopleinraincoatsandstrawhats.InGermany,scarecrowsweremadetolooklikewitches.

____24____IntheoldestbookofJapaneseliterature,TheKojiki,ascarecrownamedKuebikoappears.Thoughhecan’twalk,Kuebikoisakindofall-knowinggod.Inthemid-19thcentury,writerNathanielHawthornebroughtscarecrowsintoliteraturewiththeshortstory“Feathertop.”Inthistale,awitchwhopraystotheDevilbringsascarecrowtolife.

Thenthereisthemostfamousscarecrow.Hisnameissimply“Scarecrow,”andheappearsinTheWonderfulWizardofOz.Inthechildren’snovel,ScarecrowjoinsDorothy,TinManandtheCowardlyLiononanadventuretomeetthewizardofthemagicallandofOz.____25____

Asidefromtheseexamples,scarecrowshavefeaturedinrocksongsandascharactersincomicbooks.OnHalloween,theyarebroughtoutasscarydecorations.Bothpracticalandcreepy,scarecrowscontinuetocaptureourimagination.

A.Scarecrowsappeareverywhereintheworld.

B.Wecanneverignor