2022-2023學(xué)年北京市西城區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（原卷版+解析版無聽力音頻無聽力原文）

第第頁2022-2023學(xué)年北京市西城區(qū)高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（原卷版+解析版，無聽力音頻無聽力原文）北京市西城區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試

英語

第Ⅰ卷(共80分)

I.聽力理解（共三節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié):(共4小題;每小題2分，共8分)

聽下面四段對話，每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽一遍。

1.WhatwilltheweatherbelikeonSaturday

A.Rainy.B.Sunny.C.Cloudy.

2.Howwillthemanexercise

A.Walk.B.Playfootball.C.Jog.

3.WhatwillthespeakersdoonSundayafternoon

A.Makeanewpizza.

B.Dosomegardening.

C.Attendabook-launchevent.

4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout

A.Akindoffood.B.Acloserelative.C.Anewrestaurant.

第二節(jié):（共6小題；每小題2分，共12分）

聽下面三段對話，每段對話后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。每段對話你將聽兩遍。

聽第5段材料，回答第5至第6小題。

5.Whatwillthewomanbuyforherdaughter

A.Ahat.B.Aschoolbag.C.Asetofdishes.

6.Whichfloorwillthewomangotofirst

A.Thesecondfloor.B.Thethirdfloor.C.Thesixthfloor.

聽第6段材料，回答第7至第8小題。

7.Wherearethespeakers

A.Inthemountains.B.Attheairport.C.Onaplane.

8.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthistrip

A.Sad.B.Nervous.C.Interested.

聽第7段材料，回答第9至第10小題。

9.Whatistheman

A.Atravelagent.B.ATVhost.C.Amarketingmanager.

10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout

A.Thewoman’svolunteerexperiences.

B.Thewoman’scareerplans.

C.Thewoman’stravelstories.

第三節(jié)：（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

聽下面一段獨白，根據(jù)題目要求在相應(yīng)的橫線上寫下第11題至第15題的關(guān)鍵信息。每小題僅填寫一個詞。這段獨白你將聽兩遍。

HowtoImproveCommunicationwithYourParents

Maketimetohave11conversations.●Talktoyourparentsaboutyoureverydaylife.●12themtosharehowtheirdaywentorwhattheyareworkingon.●Callthematleastthreetimesaweekorvideochatfrequently.

Beopenand13.●Ifanissueisimportanttoyou,bringitup.●Avoidgettingtrappedintheblamegame.●Allowtimeforthemtorespondandsharehowtheyfeel.

Usesometechniquestofacilitatedifficultconversations.●Takea14.●Listentoyourparents’needsorwants.●Expressyour15.

II.完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

TheBelfastcommunitywasbusyhelpingadeafwomanfindherbeloveddog“Ruthie”thepastcoupleofdays.

Ruthiewent____1____severaldaysagowhenshejumpedoutofthecarwearingherretractableleash(伸縮皮帶).MarinaDelune,her____2____,postedonhercommunitywebsitethatsheneededhelplookingforherlostdog.Shethoughtonlyafewpeoplewould____3____.Soshewassurprisedwhenhelpstartedtopourin.“TheresponsethatIgotwasliterallyoverwhelming,”Marinasaid.“Itwasextraordinary.Icouldn’teven____4____alltheresponses.”

AdoctornamedKimberlyMitchellheadedtoMarina’shousetohelpherout.Whenshepulledintothedriveway,shesensedthatRuthiewasjustnearby.Despitethecoldrain,Kimberly____5____theyard.Lateronsheexpandedher____6____totheneighbors’yards,but____7____cameupempty-handed.

Itwasdarkbythetimesheroundedthecornerofaneighbor’shouseandsawasmallholeinthebottomoftheirdeck.Kimberlyusedhercellphoneflashlighttolookaroundinthedarkness.“Rightthereunderthedeck,I____8____herlittleface.Shewaslookingrightatme.”

ItturnedoutRuthie’sleashwasstuck.Thehouse’sowner,CollinBrewsterCunning,crawledunderthedeckand____9____her.ThereunionofRuthieandMarinawasnothingbutemotional.MarinacriedandheldontoRuthieandhertworescuers.“Wewereinathree-way____10____withRuthieinthemiddle.Itwasabsolutelyamazing,”Kimberlysaid.

1.A.racingB.missingC.cryingD.hunting

2.A.doctorB.neighborC.ownerD.driver

3.A.returnB.respondC.researchD.remember

4.A.keepupwithB.putupwithC.comeupwithD.endupwith

5.A.crossedB.checkedC.cleanedD.visited

6.A.planB.serviceC.programD.search

7.A.onceB.evenC.stillD.only

8.A.sawB.hidC.coveredD.studied

9.A.foundB.caughtC.freedD.located

10.A.tieB.contestC.dealD.hug

【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A5.B6.D7.C8.A9.C10.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了貝爾法斯特社區(qū)的人們幫助一位聾啞婦女尋到她心愛的狗“露絲”的故事。

【1題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：露絲幾天前失蹤了，當時她戴著可伸縮的皮帶從車里跳了出來。A.racing比賽；B.missing錯過、失蹤（的）；C.crying哭泣；D.hunting打獵。根據(jù)上文“TheBelfastcommunitywasbusyhelpingadeafwomanfindherbeloveddog“Ruthie”thepastcoupleofdays.(貝爾法斯特社區(qū)在過去的幾天里忙著幫助一位聾啞婦女尋找她心愛的狗“露絲”)”可知，露絲失蹤了。故選B。

【2題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的主人瑪麗娜·德魯恩在她的社區(qū)網(wǎng)站上發(fā)帖說，她需要幫助尋找她丟失的狗。A.doctor醫(yī)生；B.neighbor鄰居；C.owner主人、所有者；D.driver司機。根據(jù)后文“sheneededhelplookingforherlostdog”可知，MarinaDelune是狗的主人，故選C。

【3題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她以為只有少數(shù)人會回應(yīng)。A.return返回；B.respond回答、回應(yīng)；C.research研究；D.remember記得。根據(jù)上文“postedonhercommunitywebsite”可知，此處指對帖子的回應(yīng)。后文“alltheresponses”也是提示。故選B。

【4題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我甚至跟不上所有回復(fù)。A.keepupwith跟上；B.putupwith忍受；C.comeupwith想出；D.endupwith結(jié)束。根據(jù)上文“TheresponsethatIgotwasliterallyoverwhelming(我得到的回應(yīng)簡直是壓倒性的)”可知，帖子太多了，她跟不上速度，故選A。

【5題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管下著冷雨，金伯利還是檢查了一下院子。A.crossed交叉；B.checked檢查；C.cleaned清理；D.visited拜訪。根據(jù)后文“theyard”指檢查院子幫忙找狗。故選B。

【6題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，她把搜索范圍擴大到鄰居的院子里，但仍然空手而歸。A.plan計劃；B.service服務(wù)；C.program項目；D.search搜索。根據(jù)后文“totheneighbors’yards”可知，她把搜索范圍擴大到鄰居的院子里了，故選D。

【7題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，她把搜索范圍擴大到鄰居的院子里，但仍然空手而歸。A.once曾經(jīng)；B.even甚至；C.still仍然；D.only僅僅。根據(jù)后文“cameupempty-handed”可知，擴大了搜索范圍仍然空手而歸。故選C。

【8題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：就在甲板下面，我看到了一張小臉。A.saw看見；B.hid隱藏；C.covered覆蓋；D.studied學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)后文“herlittleface.Shewaslookingrightatme.”可知，指看到了狗的臉，故選A。

【9題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：房子的主人科林·布魯斯特·康寧爬到甲板下，把她救了出來。A.found找到；B.caught抓??；C.freed釋放；D.located定位。根據(jù)上文“ItturnedoutRuthie’sleashwasstuck.(結(jié)果露絲的皮帶卡住了)”可知，房子的主人把狗釋放了出來，故選C。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們?nèi)齻€人擁抱在一起，露絲在中間。A.tie領(lǐng)帶；B.contest比賽；C.deal交易；D.hug擁抱。結(jié)合上文“MarinacriedandheldontoRuthieandhertworescuers.(瑪麗娜哭著抱住露絲和她的兩個救援人員)”指三人擁抱在一起，狗在中間，故選D。

III.閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

UsesofBananaPeels(皮)YouProbablyIgnored

Soothestheitchy(發(fā)癢的)insectbites

Withthegoodweatherapproaching,variousbugs,insectsandmosquitoesmultiply.Ifyouwanttorelievethestingorbiteoftheseinsectsnaturally,bananapeelcanhelpyou.Rubthered,inflamedbiteswiththeinsideofthebananapeel.Thebananapolysaccharides(多糖)infiltratetheskinandreducetheswell.

________________

Springthensummeriscoming,andthere’sonelittleannoyingthing:theflies.Tocatchthem,youcanmakeatrapmadeofnaturalingredients.Allyouwillneedisalargeyogurtcup,bananapeels,ahammerandanail.Makeholesatthebottomoftheyogurtcupwiththehammerandnail,placethebananapeelsinside,turnitover,andplaceitnearthefoodthatyouaretryingtoprotect.Flieswillgetintothesweetsmellintheholes,butthereisnowayoutoftheyogurtcup.

Cheapandsimpleteethwhitening

Youdon’thavetospendahugeamountofyoursalaryonaestheticdentistrytomakeyourteethwhiter.Simplyrubyourfreshly-brushedteethwiththeinsideofthebananapeeleverydayforabout2minutes.Salicylicacidinbananasgentlybleachesteeth,effectivelyeliminatingdirtwhichcausesdiscoloration.

Waterpurification

Thiseffectwasthemostsurprisingforus.TheSaoPauloResearchFoundation,ledbyGustavoR.Castro,testedthesuitabilityofbananapeelsforthetreatmentofwastewaterfromindustrialplants.Itturnedoutthatthebananapeeladsorbsheavymetalssuchasleadandcopperfromthewater.

Erasestheinkstain(污點)

Ifinkgetsonyourskin,itisdifficulttocleanitoff.Onlywithwaterandsoapisitalmostimpossibletomakeyourhandsclean.Butthegoodnewsisthatthebananapeelisgoodforthat—rubthepatchesontheinsideofthepeelandseehowtheydisappear.

11.Accordingtothepassage,inwhichofthefollowingsituationscanbananapeelsbeofsomehelp

A.Youaredisturbedbymosquitoesflyingnearby.

B.Youarebittenbyabeeinthegarden.

C.Youaresufferingfromatoothache.

D.Yourcoatisstainedwithoil.

12.Whichofthefollowingisthebestheadingforparagraph2

A.FacialmaskB.PainReliever

C.NaturalflytrapD.Reduceswrinkles

13.Howcanbananapeelshelppurifywater

A.Byprotectingthewaterfrominsects.

B.Byreducingsomechemicalelements.

C.Byaddingsomenutritiontothewater.

D.Byremovingthesmellofthewastewater.

【答案】11.B12.C13.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了香蕉皮的用途。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouwanttorelievethestingorbiteoftheseinsectsnaturally,bananapeelcanhelpyou.Rubthered,inflamedbiteswiththeinsideofthebananapeel.Thebananapolysaccharides(多糖)infiltratetheskinandreducetheswell.(如果你想自然地減輕這些昆蟲的叮咬，香蕉皮可以幫助你。用香蕉皮內(nèi)側(cè)摩擦紅腫的咬痕。香蕉多糖能滲透皮膚，消腫。)”可推斷，當你被蜜蜂蜇傷后，你可以用香蕉皮內(nèi)側(cè)摩擦紅腫的咬痕，從而消腫。故選B。

【12題詳解】

主旨大意題?？仗帪樾祟}，為本段的主要內(nèi)容。根據(jù)下文“Springthensummeriscoming,andthere’sonelittleannoyingthing:theflies.Tocatchthem,youcanmakeatrapmadeofnaturalingredients.Allyouwillneedisalargeyogurtcup,bananapeels,ahammerandanail.Makeholesatthebottomoftheyogurtcupwiththehammerandnail,placethebananapeelsinside,turnitover,andplaceitnearthefoodthatyouaretryingtoprotect.Flieswillgetintothesweetsmellintheholes,butthereisnowayoutoftheyogurtcup.(春天和夏天都來了，有一件事很煩人：蒼蠅。為了捕捉它們，你可以用天然原料做一個陷阱。你所需要的只是一個大酸奶杯、香蕉皮、一把錘子和一顆釘子。用錘子和釘子在酸奶杯的底部打洞，把香蕉皮放進去，把它翻過來，放在你想要保護的食物附近。蒼蠅會鉆進香甜的洞里，卻沒有辦法從酸奶杯里出來。)”可知，本段主要講述的是我們可以用香蕉皮來制作一個陷阱用來捕捉蒼蠅。選項C“Naturalflytrap(天然捕蠅器)”符合本段主要內(nèi)容。故選C。

【13題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Itturnedoutthatthebananapeeladsorbsheavymetalssuchasleadandcopperfromthewater.(事實證明，香蕉皮可以吸附水中的鉛和銅等重金屬。)”可知，香蕉皮通過吸附水中的鉛和銅等重金屬來凈化水。故選B。

B

SouthAfrica’svinicultureindustryemploysaround270,000people,producingsomeoftheworld’smostsought-afterwines.Butnotalljobsarebestlefttohumans.Insomecases,it’sbettertogetyourducksinarow,andthenputthemtowork.

OutsideCapeTownonthebanksoftheEersteriver,VergenoegdLw,theWineEstate,hasrepurposedacenturies-oldpracticebygatheringagroupofduckstokeepitsvineyardsfreeofpests.“Icallourducksthesoldiersofourvineyards,”saysmanagingdirectorCoriusVisser.“Theywilleataphids,theywilleatsnails,theywilleatsmallworms—theykeep(it)completelypest-free.”

Thespecies,theIndianrunnerduck,isflightless,withapeculiarlyuprightstanceandhighlydevelopedsenseofsmell.Theducktroopsareemployedona14-daycircuitthroughthevineyards,eatingandfertilizingthegroundastheygo.

Theducks’“annualleave”takesplaceduringtheharvest(they’deatthegrapes).Duringthistimetheysearchforfoodonopenfarmpasture,swiminanearbylakeandundergoselectivebreeding,saysVisser.

Duckeggsareconsumedinthevineyardrestaurant,butnevertheducksthemselves—“thatwouldbelikeeatingacolleague,”GavinMoyes,theestate’stastingroommanager,saidina2023interview.

InspiredbyducksusedtoremovepestsfromricepaddiesinAsia,thewinerycallsontheservicesofsome1,600ducksaspartofitsefforttomakewineproductionmoresustainable.“Theworldismovingawayfrommoreconventionalfarmingto(being)abitmoreorganic,”Visserexplains.“ForVergenoegd,it’sabiggoal…tohavelessinfluenceontheEarth,thesoilandtheenvironment.”

Asapioneeringwinemakerwithindustryinfluence—vineshavebeengrownontheestatesincethelate17thcentury—VergenoegdLwishopingtoconvinceotherstoadoptitsapproach.Vissersaysthevineyardplanstosell750duckstoothervineyardsandreplenishnumbersbybreedingthebirds.

“Ithinktheindustryitselfhasthepotentialtoengagemoreinexperimentalways,”headds.Thatrequiresmoney,andincreasingthepricepointofSouthAfricanwinescouldhelpfundVergenoegdLwandothervineyards’greeninitiatives.

“Ifwecanachievethat,wecanthenputbacksomeofthat(income)intoourpeople,intoourland,andbecomemoresustainable,”Vissersays.

14.What’sthefunctionoftheducksinthevineyards

A.Tokeepthevineyardsfreeofpests.B.Toguardthevineyardsfromthieves.

C.Tomakethevineyardsmoreattractive.D.Toprovideeggsandmeatforthevineyardrestaurant.

15.Accordingtothepassage,theducksinthevineyards______.

A.helpharvestthegrapesB.haveasharpsenseoftaste

C.flyaroundthevineyardfreelyD.leavethevineyardatacertaintime

16.BasedonwhatVissersaid,whichofthefollowingmighthappen

A.Morevineyardswillhaveduck“soldiers”.

B.ThepricepointofSouthAfricanwineswillfall.

C.Thevineyardswilldependmoreonconventionalfarming.

DThewinerywillcomeupwithmorewaystoexperimentonducks.

17.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethevineyard’sapproachofusingducks

A.Efficient.B.Advanced.C.Challenging.D.Green.

【答案】14.A15.D16.A17.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一個葡萄酒莊園利用鴨子來使葡萄園遠離害蟲。

【14題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“OutsideCapeTownonthebanksoftheEersteriver,VergenoegdLw,theWineEstate,hasrepurposedacenturies-oldpracticebygatheringagroupofduckstokeepitsvineyardsfreeofpests.(在開普敦郊外的埃爾斯特河畔，VergenoegdLw葡萄酒莊園重新利用了一個有幾百年歷史的做法，養(yǎng)了一群鴨子，讓葡萄園免受害蟲的侵害)”可知，葡萄園里的鴨子可以使葡萄園遠離害蟲。故選A。

【15題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theducks’“annualleave”takesplaceduringtheharvest(they’deatthegrapes).(鴨子的“年假”發(fā)生在收獲季節(jié)（它們會吃葡萄）)”可知，葡萄園里的鴨子在特定的時間離開葡萄園。故選D。

【16題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Vissersaysthevineyardplanstosell750duckstoothervineyardsandreplenishnumbersbybreedingthebirds.(Visser說，葡萄園計劃向其他葡萄園出售750只鴨子，并通過繁殖鳥類來補充數(shù)量)”可知，更多的葡萄園將會有鴨子“士兵”。故選A。

【17題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ifwecanachievethat,wecanthenputbacksomeofthat(income)intoourpeople,intoourland,andbecomemoresustainable,”Vissersays.(Visser說：“如果我們能做到這一點，我們就可以把一部分（收入）投入到我們的人民和土地上，變得更加可持續(xù)?！?”可推知，葡萄園使用鴨子的方法綠色環(huán)保。故選D。

C

ThisweekIwatchedaninternationalnewsprogramandsawwhatlookedlikemostoftheplanet—theAmericas,Africa,Europe,Asia—paintedinbrightorangesandreds.Fahrenheit(華氏溫度的)temperaturesinthree-digitnumbersseemedtoburnalloverontheworldmap.

Heatrecordshaveburstaroundtheglobe.Thisveryweekend,cropsareburning,roadsarebendingandseasarerising,whilelakesrecede,orevendisappear.Icesheetsmeltinrisingheat,andwildfiresattackforests.Peoplearedyinginthisheat.Livesofallkindsarethreatened,incities,fields,seas,desertsandforests.Wildlife,farmanimals,insectsandhumanbeingsareinpain.

TheUN’sWorldMeteorologicalOrganization(WMO)saysthereismoredeadlyheatinourfuturebecauseofclimatechangecausedbyourspeciesonthisplanet.Evenwithadvancesinwind,solarandotheralternativeenergysources,andinternationalpromisesandagreements,theworldstillderivesabout80%ofitsenergyfromfossilfuels,likeoil,gasandcoal,whichreleasethecarbondioxidethat’swarmedtheclimatetothecurrenttemperaturesofthishotsummer.TheWMO’schief,PetteriTaalas,saidthisweek,“Inthefuturethesekindsofheatwavesaregoingtobenormal.”

Themostalarmingwordinhisforecastmightbe:“normal.”I’mofagenerationthatthoughtofsummerasasunnytimeforchildren.Ithinkoflongdaysspentoutdoorswithoutworry,playinggamesorjustwandering.JohnUpdikewroteinhispoem,“June”:

Thesunisrich

Andgladlypays

Ingoldenhours,

Silverdays,

Andlonggreenweeks

Thatneverend.

School’sout.Thetime

Isourstospend.

There’sLittleLeague

Hopscotch,thecreek,

And,aftersupper,

Hide-and-seek.

Thelive-longlight

Islikeadream...

Butnowthatbright,“l(fā)ive-longlight,”ofwhichUpdikewrote,mightlookthreateninginasummerlikethis.

Theextremelyhotweeksthatweseethisyearcauseonetowonderifourfailurestocarefortheplanetgiventouswillmakeourchildrenlookforwardtosummer,orfearanotherseasonofheat.

18.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“derive”inParagraph3probablymean

A.Get.B.Reduce.C.Waste.D.Save.

19.AccordingtoWMO,______.

A.alternativeenergyisthesolutiontoclimatechange

B.theheatwavesarecausedbytheadvancedtechnology

C.agreementsneedtobesignedtodealwithclimatechange

D.useoftraditionalenergyisresponsiblefortheheatwaves

20.WhydoestheauthormentionJohnUpdike’spoem

A.Todescribethebeautyofsummer.

B.Toindicatetheendofhappysummers.

C.Tocomparedifferentfeelingsaboutsummer.

D.Tosuggestwaysforchildrentospendsummer.

21.Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage

A.WhatleadstoahotsummerB.Childrenareafraidofsummer

C.BurningsummersarethefutureD.Howwecansurviveahotsummer

【答案】18.A19.D20.B21.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了全球各地的高溫記錄不斷刷新，解釋了背后的原因以及對未來夏季的擔(dān)憂。

【18題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“about80%ofitsenergyfromfossilfuels,likeoil,gasandcoal,whichreleasethecarbondioxidethat’swarmedtheclimatetothecurrenttemperaturesofthishotsummer”可知，世界獲得的大約80%的能源來自化石燃料，如石油、天然氣和煤炭，這些燃料釋放的二氧化碳使氣候變暖，導(dǎo)致今年炎熱的夏天氣溫上升。故劃線詞意思是“得到”。故選A。

【19題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Evenwithadvancesinwind,solarandotheralternativeenergysources,andinternationalpromisesandagreements,theworldstillderivesabout80%ofitsenergyfromfossilfuels,likeoil,gasandcoal,whichreleasethecarbondioxidethat’swarmedtheclimatetothecurrenttemperaturesofthishotsummer.TheWMO’schief,PetteriTaalas,saidthisweek,“Inthefuturethesekindsofheatwavesaregoingtobenormal.”(即使有了風(fēng)能、太陽能和其他替代能源的進步，以及國際承諾和協(xié)議，世界上仍然有大約80%的能源來自化石燃料，如石油、天然氣和煤炭，這些燃料釋放的二氧化碳使氣候變暖，導(dǎo)致今年炎熱的夏天氣溫上升。世界氣象組織總干事PetteriTaalas本周表示：“在未來，這種熱浪將成為常態(tài)?！?”可知，根據(jù)世界氣象組織，傳統(tǒng)能源的使用是造成熱浪的原因。故選D。

【20題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theextremelyhotweeksthatweseethisyearcauseonetowonderifourfailurestocarefortheplanetgiventouswillmakeourchildrenlookforwardtosummer,orfearanotherseasonofheat.(我們今年看到的極端炎熱的幾周讓人懷疑，如果我們沒有照顧好我們所擁有的地球，我們的孩子們是否會期待夏天，或者害怕另一個炎熱的季節(jié))”可推知，提到了約翰·厄普代克的詩是為了表示快樂夏天的結(jié)束。故選B。

【21題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段“Heatrecordshaveburstaroundtheglobe.Thisveryweekend,cropsareburning,roadsarebendingandseasarerising,whilelakesrecede,orevendisappear.Icesheetsmeltinrisingheat,andwildfiresattackforests.Peoplearedyinginthisheat.Livesofallkindsarethreatened,incities,fields,seas,desertsandforests.Wildlife,farmanimals,insectsandhumanbeingsareinpain.(全球各地的高溫記錄不斷刷新。就在這個周末，莊稼在燃燒，道路在彎曲，海平面在上升，而湖泊在退縮，甚至消失。冰蓋在升溫中融化，野火襲擊森林。人們在這樣的高溫中死去。在城市、田野、海洋、沙漠和森林里，所有種類的生命都受到威脅。野生動物、農(nóng)場動物、昆蟲和人類都在痛苦之中)”可知，文章主要說明了全球各地的高溫記錄不斷刷新，解釋了背后的原因以及對未來夏季的擔(dān)憂?？芍?，C選項“灼熱的夏天是未來”最符合文章標題。故選C。

D

CornellUniversityresearchershavedevelopedasilent-speechrecognitioninterfacethatusesacoustic-sensing(聲學(xué)傳感)andartificialintelligencetocontinuouslyrecognizeupto31unvocalizedcommands,basedonlipandmouthmovements.Thelow-power,wearableeyewear—calledEchoSpeech—requiresjustafewminutesofusertrainingdatabeforeitwillrecognizecommandsandcanberunonasmartphone.

RuidongZhang,doctoralstudentofinformationscience,istheleadauthorof“EchoSpeech—ContinuousSilentSpeechRecognitiononMinimally-obtrusiveEyewearPoweredbyAcousticSensing,”whichwillbepresentedattheAssociationforComputingMachineryConferenceonHumanFactorsinComputingSystems(CHI)thismonthinHamburg,Germany.

“Forpeoplewhocannotvocalizesoundthissilentspeechtechnologycouldbeanexcellentinputforavoicesynthesizer.Itcouldgivepatientstheirvoicesback,”Zhangsaidofthetechnology’spotentialusewithfurtherdevelopment.Initspresentform,EchoSpeechcouldbeusedtocommunicatewithothersviasmartphoneinplaceswherespeechisinconvenientorinappropriate,likeanoisyrestaurantorquietlibrary.Thesilentspeecheyewearcanalsobepairedwithastylus(觸控筆)andusedwithdesignsoftwarelikeCAD,allbuterasingtheneedforakeyboardandamouse.

Outfittedwithapairofmicrophonesandspeakerssmallerthanpencilerasers,theEchoSpeechbecomeawearableAI-poweredsonar(聲吶)system,sendingandreceivingsoundwavesacrossthefaceandsensingmouthmovements.Adeeplearningalgorithm(算法)thenanalyzestheseechoprofilesinrealtime,withabout95%accuracy.

“We’removingsonarontothebody,”saidChengZhang,assistantprofessorofinformationscienceanddirectorofCornell’sSmartComputerInterfacesforFutureInteractions(SciFi)Lab.“We’reveryexcitedaboutthissystem,”hesaid,“becauseitreallypushesthefieldforwardonperformanceandprivacy.It’ssmall,low-powerandprivacy-sensitive,whichareallimportantfeaturesforusingnew,wearabletechnologiesintherealworld.”

Mosttechnologyinsilent-speechrecognitionislimitedtoaselectsetofpredeterminedcommandsandrequirestheusertofaceorwearacamera,whichisneitherpracticalnorachievable,ChengZhangsaid.Therealsoaremajorprivacyconcernsinvolvingwearablecameras—forboththeuserandthosewithwhomtheuserinteracts,hesaid.

Acoustic-sensingtechnologylikeEchoSpeechremovestheneedforwearablevideocameras.Andbecauseaudiodataismuchsmallerthanimageorvideodata,itrequireslessbandwidthtoprocessandcanberelayedtoasmartphoneviaBluetoothinrealtime,saidFranoisGuimbretière,professorininformationscience.“Andbecausethedataisprocessedlocallyonyoursmartphoneinsteadofuploadedtothecloud,”hesaid,“privacy-sensitiveinformationneverleavesyourcontrol.”

22.WhatdoweknowaboutEchoSpeech

A.Itrecognizesdifferentbodymovements.B.Ithasthepotentialtohelpgeneratevoices.

C.Itdoesn’tneedtobeinstructedaboutitsuser.D.Itneedstobeusedwithakeyboardandamouse.

23.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout

A.WhatEchoSpeechlookslike.B.Howthealgorithmismadeaccurate.

C.WhatthemechanismofEchoSpeechis.D.Howthealgorithmanalyzesechoprofiles.

24.HowisEchoSpeechdifferentfromothersilent-speechrecognitionsystems

A.Itbetterprotectsusers’privacy.B.Itisfittedwithasmallervideocamera.

C.Itisbasedonpredeterminedcommands.D.ItsendsimagesandvideosviaBluetooth.

25.RegardingthefeaturesofEchoSpeech,FranoisGuimbretièreis______.

A.doubtfulB.criticalC.sympatheticD.unconcerned

【答案】22.B23.C24.A25.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了EchoSpeech這種設(shè)備只需幾分鐘的用戶訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)，它就能識別指令，并能在智能手機上運行。

【22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Forpeoplewhocannotvocalizesound,thissilentspeechtechnologycouldbeanexcellentinputforavoicesynthesizer.Itcouldgivepatientstheirvoicesback(對于不能發(fā)聲的人來說，這種無聲的語音技術(shù)可能是語音合成器的一個很好的輸入。它可以讓病人恢復(fù)聲音)”可知，EchoSpeech有幫助產(chǎn)生聲音的潛力。故選B。

【23題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Outfittedwithapairofmicrophonesandspeakerssmallerthanpencilerasers,theEchoSpeechbecomeawearableAI-poweredsonar(聲吶)system,sendingandreceivingsoundwavesacrossthefaceandsensingmouthmovements.Adeeplearningalgorithm(算法)thenanalyzestheseechoprofilesinrealtime,withabout95%accuracy.(EchoSpeech配備了一對麥克風(fēng)和比鉛筆橡皮還小的揚聲器，成為一種可穿戴的人工智能聲納系統(tǒng)，通過面部發(fā)送和接收聲波，并感知口腔運動。然后，深度學(xué)習(xí)算法實時分析這些回波剖面，準確率約為95%)”可知，第四段主要講的是EchoSpeech的機制是什么。故選C。

【24題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“It’ssmall,low-powerandprivacy-sensitive,whichareallimportantfeaturesforusingnew,wearabletechnologiesintherealworld.(它體積小，功耗低，對隱私敏感，這些都是在現(xiàn)實世界中使用新的可穿戴技術(shù)的重要特征)”可知，EchoSpeech與其他無聲語音識別系統(tǒng)的不同在于它能更好地保護用戶隱私。故選A。

【25題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Andbecauseaudiodataismuchsmallerthanimageorvideodata,itrequireslessbandwidthtoprocessandcanberelayedtoasmartphoneviaBluetoothinrealtime,saidFranoisGuimbretière,professorininformationscience.“Andbecausethedataisprocessedlocallyonyoursmartphoneinsteadofuploadedtothecloud,”hesaid,“privacy-sensitiveinformationneverleavesyourcontrol.”(信息科學(xué)教授FranoisGuimbretière表示，由于音頻數(shù)據(jù)比圖像或視頻數(shù)據(jù)小得多，因此需要更少的帶寬來處理，并且可以通過藍牙實時傳輸?shù)街悄苁謾C。“而且因為數(shù)據(jù)是在你的智能手機上本地處理的，而不是上傳到云端，”他說，“隱私敏感信息永遠不會離開你的控制?！?”可推知，F(xiàn)ranoisGuimbretière持支持態(tài)度，故選C。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Wanttomakepeoplelaugh_____26_____Hereareafewtipstokeepinmindifyourgoalistoticklesomefunnybones.

Consideryouraudience.Youraudience,whetherit’syourparentsinyourlivingroomorapayingcrowdatanauditorium,mustbeabletoconnectwithanysituationyoudescribeinyourjokes.Iftheycan’trelatetothejoke,oriftheydon’tcompletelyunderstandit,thenit’ssimplynotfunnytothem._____27_____Ifyouhavetoexplainajoketosomeone,thepersonmighteventuallyunderstandit,butheorsheprobablywon’tthinkit’sfunny.Thisisthereasonthatmanyjokesdon’ttranslatewellintoanotherlanguage.Theyrelyonanunderstandingofaparticularculture.Youcantranslatethewordsbut,withoutanappreciationforthebackground,manytranslatedjokesaren’tveryfunny.

_____28_____There’sareasonthatpeoplesay,“Stopmeifyou’veheardthisone”beforetellingajoke.Ifyouraudiencealreadyknows(orcanguess)theendofajokebeforeyoutellit,thenit’snotgoingtomakethemlaugh.Peoplelaughattheendofajokebecausethey’vebeentoldastoryandledtowarditsending,(unconsciously)thinkingaboutwhatwillhappennextorhowitwillend._____29_____Surpriseispartofthereasonthatyouwanttolearntotelljokeswithoutlaughing.Ifyoulaugh,thenyourlistenersexpectyoutosaysomethingfunny.Ifyoutellajokewithoutlaughingorsmiling,thenthey’remoresurprisedwhenyougettothefunnypart.

Checkyourtiming.Anotherimportantpartofhumoristiming,ordeliveringthepunchlineatthebestpossiblemoment._____30_____Thereasonisthatthisbuildstension.Thelistenerknowstheendiscomingandiswaitingforit.Whenyoufinallytellthepunchline,thelistenerfeelsasenseofreliefandismoreandinclinedtolaugh.

A.Usesurprise.

B.Chooseyourjokes.

C.Thenyou’vegottoknowwhat’sfunny.

D.Makesureyourjokesareoftentoldwithinlimitedtime.

E.It’softenusefultopausebeforetellingthelastlineofajoke.

F.Whenwehearsomethingthatwasn’twhatwewereexpecting,wefinditfunny.

G.Peoplelovejokesthat,basedontheirexperience,makethemsay,“That’ssotrue!”

【答案】26.C27.G28.A29.F30.E

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了一些講笑話的技巧。

【26題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Wanttomakepeoplelaugh(想讓別人笑嗎？)”以及后文“Hereareafewtipstokeepinmindifyourgoalistoticklesomefunnybones.(如果你的目標是逗樂一些有趣的人，這里有一些建議要記住)”可知，本句回答上文讓別人笑的問題：那你得知道什么好笑。故C選項“那你得知道什么好笑”符合語境，故選C。

【27題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Iftheycan’trelatetothejoke,oriftheydon’tcompletelyunderstandit,thenit’ssimplynotfunnytothem.(如果他們無法與這個笑話聯(lián)系起來，或者他們不能完全理解這個笑話，那么這個笑話對他們來說就一點也不好笑)”可知，上文提到了人們要和笑話聯(lián)系起來才會覺得好笑，本句旨在說明具體表現(xiàn)：讓他們說：“這太對（有意思）了！”，故G選項“人們喜歡這樣的笑話，根據(jù)他們的經(jīng)驗，讓他們說:“這太對（有意思）了！””符合語境，故選G。

【28題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“If